13-101481RECEIVED COMMIWM & ECONOMIC DEVELOPMENT DEPARTMENT
33325 8'h Avenue South
,- APR 3 2013 Federal Way, WA 98003-6325
CITY OF 253-835-2607; Fax 253-835-2609
Federal Way www.cit ffedsralway.com
CITY OF FEDERAL WAY
Cos
SHORELINE SUBSTANTIAL DEVELOPMENT PERMIT
EXEMPTION- APPLICATION
File # / 3— 10 l g P l- S H
TO BE COMPLETED BY APPLICANT
Project Name: e- A e'i �e� l'
Project Address: 6 tt/ U v
Applicant:DlAno/L)
Mailing Address: S7 6 W
Phone Number: E-mail:
J
Description of Project: CJ K) LAZ 1 '
�I(I '_o-z
r} ci
Meets the criteria for exemption under which section of * WAC 173-27-040:_
*Washington Administrative Code online: ap0.1M.wa.gov
— '5�_X:� &_ - -.,/ 0 r
Z_,--�is Signa Date
Bulletin # 143 - March 25, 2013 1 of 2 k:\HandoutslShoreline Exemption
TO BE COMPLETED BY STAFF
1) The proposed development is consistent with Section of WAC 173-27-040
and is therefore exempt from the Substantial Development rmxt Process.
Yes ❑ No (explanatory narrative attached)
2) Proposal requires:
Yes No
❑ Shoreline Variance
❑ Shoreline Conditional Use
K ❑ Review, Approval or Permit by other State or Federal Agency
3) Proposal complies with applicable provisions of the City's Shoreline Master Program.
l Yes ❑ No
S'Ie-P hiA l i.di"Z
Condition(s) attached:
FRO,* t3-101I'M2-1
1�
4) In accordance with FWRC Section 15.05.130, this application is hereby:
Approved ❑ Denied
( Director, Community & Economic Development Dat
Distribution:
❑
Applicant
❑
Owner
❑
File
❑
Outside Agency
❑ No
Bulletin # 143 —March 25, 2013 2 of 2 k_\Handouts\Shoreline Exemption
S�-
Rebecca Chapin
From: Kramer, Stephenie (DAHP) <Stephen ie. Kra mer@DAH P. WA. GOV>
Sent: Wednesday, May 01, 2013 3:58 PM
To: Rebecca Chapin
Subject: RE: Cleary Property - 3018 SW 300th PI, Federal Way
Hi Rebecca,
We have reviewed the report and we concur with the recommendations that no further work is necessary at this time. We
would like to request that inadvertent discovery language be included on the permit as a condition, in the unlikely event
something archaeological is found, they will be advised to stop work and call us or other appropriate authorities.
Here is some sample inadvertent discovery language in case you need it:
Should archaeological materials (e.g. bones, shell, stone tools, beads, ceramics, old bottles, hearths, etc.) be
observed during project activities, all work in the immediate vicinity will stop. The State Department of
Archaeology and Historic Preservation (360-586-3065), the County planning office, and the affected Tribe(s) must
be contacted immediately in order to help assess the situation and determine how to preserve the
resource(s). Compliance with all applicable laws pertaining to archaeological resources (RCW 27.53, 27.44 and
WAC 25-48) is required. Failure to comply with this requirement could result in criminal or civil penalties.
Thank you for consulting with us.
Stephenie
Stephenie Kramer
Assistant State Archaeologist
Washington State Department of Archaeology & Historic Preservation
PO Box 48343
Olympia, WA 98504-8343
cell (360) 485-5014
phone (360) 586-3083
fax (360) 586-3067
www.daho.wa.aov
From: Rebecca Chapin fmailto:Rebecca.Chapin@cityoffederalway.com]
Sent: Monday, April 29, 2013 3:19 PM
To: Kramer, Stephenie (DAHP)
Subject: Cleary Property - 3018 SW 300th PI, Federal Way
Hi Stephenie,
Attached please find the Cultural Resources Report that was submitted to the City of Federal Way for a house addition, parcel#
4166600210, The report, prepared by Cascadia Archaeology, dated March 8, 2012, concluded no cultural resources were observed
within the project site. I just wanted to verify the conclusion and recommendations were accurate and the report was approved by the
Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation.
Thanks,
Becky Chapin
Assistant Planner
City of Federal Way
33325 8th Avenue South
Federal Way, WA 98003-6325
Phone: 253-835-2641
Rebecca. C h aQin2ci tyoffede ra Iway.co m
Author: Teresa Trost and Jana Boersema
Title of Report: Archaeolo ical Survey for Residential Construction on Tax Parcel
4166600210, Federal Way, King County, Washington
Date of Report: March 8, 2012
County(ies): KI Section:. 1 Township: 21 Range: 3 E
Quad: Poverty Bay, VIA 1994 (1Acres: 0.06
PDF of reoort submitted [REQUIRED] 5� Yes
Historic Property Inventory Farms to be Approved Online? I I Yes M No
Archaeological Sites}Ilsolate[s� Found or Amended? n Yes M No
TCP s found? Yes 0 No
Replace a draft? f^1 Yes M No
Satisfy a DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit requirement? ❑ Yes # No
DAHP Archaeological Site M
• Submission of PDFs is required.
■ Please be sure that any PDF submitted to
DAHP has its cover sheet, figures,
graphics, appendices, attachments,
correspondence, etc., compiled into one
single PDF file.
• Please check that the PDF displays
correctly when opened.
RECEIVED
APR 3 2013
CITY OF ED RAL WAY
Archaeological Survey for Residential Construction on Tax Parcel 4166600210,
Federal Way, King County, Washington
Report Prepared By:
Teresa Trost and Jana Boersema
Report Prepared for
Steve and Jeannie Cleary
3018 SW 300t` P1
Federal Way, WA 98023
CONTAINS CONFIDENTIAL INFORMATION
NOT FOR GENERAL DISTRIBUTION
March 8, 2012
CASCADiA AKCHAEOLOGV
P.O. Box 51058
Seattle, WA 98115
ABSTRACT
Landowner Steve Cleary is proposing to remodel an existing residence and construct a
new driveway on tax parcel 4166600210 in Federal Way, Washington. The City of
Federal Way is requiring an archaeological survey pursuant to the Shoreline Management
Act [WAC 172-26-221]. Cascadia Archaeology, LLC was retained to conduct the
archaeological survey of the project's area of potential disturbance. Field survey
conducted by professional archaeologist Teresa Trost on March 2, 2012 included surface
inspection, inspection of three existing soil test pits, and excavation of four shovel
probes. No cultural resources were identified. It is recommended to the permitting office
that no further archaeological investigation be required for this project.
Cascudin,lrchoeologl', LLC 1 Clear:Residenlial Remodel
TABLE OF CONTENTS
ABSTRACT......................................................................................................................... i
TABLE OF CONTENTS....................................................................................................
ii
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES...................................................................................
ii
1.0 INTRODUCTION........................................................................................................1
2.0 PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION............................................................1
3.0 SURVEY CONTEXT...................................................................................................1
3.1 Geologic History.......................................................................................................1
3.2 Environmental Setting.............................................................................................4
3.3 Cultural Setting.........................................................................................................5
3.3.1 Archaeology ......................................................................................................
5
3.3.2 Ethnography......................................................................................................
5
3.3.3 History...............................................................................................................
6
4.0 SURVEY.......................................................................................................................6
4.1 Expectations..............................................................................................................6
4.2 Design.......................................................................................................................6
4.3 Methods.....................................................................................................................6
4.4 Field Results..............................................................................................................8
5.0 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................................10
6.0 REFERENCES CITED...............................................................................................11
LIST OF FIGURES AND TABLES
Figure 1. Project location................................................................................................... 2
Figure 2. Construction plans and field survey map........................................................... 3
Figure 3. Overview of proposed driveway location........................................................... 7
Figure 4. Overview of west lawn....................................................................................... 7
Figure5. SP 1...................................................................................................................... 8
Figure6. SP2...................................................................................................................... 8
Figure7. Soil test 3............................................................................................................ 9
Table 1. Description of Shovel Probes.............................................................................. 9
('nci ni/in �l r•rlvrnnG, n• 11C 11 R. nrnila/
1.0 INTRODUCTION
Landowner Steve Cleary is proposing to remodel an existing residence and construct a
new driveway on tax parcel 4166600210 in Federal Way, Washington. The City of
Federal Way is requiring an archaeological survey pursuant to the Shoreline Management
Act [WAC 172-26-221 ] .
Cascadia Archaeology, LLC was retained to conduct the archaeological survey of the
project's area of potential disturbance. The field survey was conducted by professional
archaeologist Teresa Trost on March 2, 2012. It is recommended to the permitting office
that no further archaeological investigation be required for this project. This survey
report describes the project area's natural and cultural setting; survey expectations,
design, methods and results; along with management recommendations.
2.0 PROJECT LOCATION AND DESCRIPTION
The project area is located on a steep bluff overlooking Puget Sound and is just east of
the entrance to Dumas Bay in Section 1 of Township 21 North, Range 3 East, Willamette
Meridian (Figure 1). The property at 3018 SW 300 PI (tax parcel number 4166600210)
is nestled in the residential neighborhood of Lakota in the City of Federal Way, King
County, Washington. The project area sits at about 28 ft. above sea level on the north
side of SW 300P PI and is the fourth parcel west of the intersection at 30 St SW.
The project is expansion of an existing residence and construction of a new driveway
(Figure 2). The residence footprint will be extended to the east, west, and south.
Excavations for the new foundation may extend 2 ft. (61 cm) below surface.
Construction of the new driveway will involve removal of an existing garage and
possibly shallow grading prior to laying down a pervious material. For this survey, a 10
ft. buffer was added to the footprint of the expansion and driveway to account for staging
of equipment and machinery. The area of potential ground disturbance including staging
areas is approximately 0.6 acres.
3.0 SURVEY CONTEXT
3.1 Geologic History
The project area lies within the Puget Trough physiographic province in an area that was
covered by the Puget lobe of the Cordilleran ice sheet during the late Pleistocene. The
surface geology of this region is largely the product of glacial advances and recessions
during that period, which over -rode and scoured earlier Pleistocene glacial deposits. The
final widespread episode of glaciation was the Vashon stade, during which the Puget lobe
of the Cordilleran ice sheet advanced through the Puget Trough between about 24,000
and 16,000 years before present (yr B.P.) (Easterbrook 1986). Retreat of the Puget lobe
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Printed from TOPO! 02000 National Geographic Holdings (www.topo.com)
Figure 1. Project location, T. 21 N., R. 3 E., Section 1. USGS 7.51 quadrangle
Poverty Bay, WA (1994).
Ccfcc'aG�iCr..�%I�cer�luo, l,i.(� 2 u.,"'%
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130 T
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}` r•'' _ 0.1' WEST
OF PROP LINE
1 "All'r :Soils test 2
- SP20 0.1' WEST
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/ FOO EXISTING HOUSE TPRINTi
1386 of `
�. C'AR[
SP ` Soils test 3
1 •f � rng■
p _
= septic tank
1 `= SP4 W CP
C s r Soils test 1
meters '��-'`
09 O FENCE- •,
North 0 5 10 -•'�~P LINE
ON
Legend: y L' PFR�+IrxJ LIB
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----- Pedestrian transect A ;drain field AIZI�tU�IY ? DR sP
l� Soils test scrape +�`•} 1�
Exis ' EXISVW�
ptic tank Tp5
J � FXLSTIMP.
Figure 2. Construction plans and field survey map. Base map provided by client.
C•ascadio Archaeul(�,,nr, LLC 3 C7eru.i Residential Remodel
began within about 1,000 years of the glacial maximum, and as the glacier shrank
northward, till, outwash, and glacial drift were deposited over the Puget Trough, forming
a drift upland plain between the Olympic and Cascade ranges estimated at up to 3,700 ft.
(1,100 m) thick in the Seattle area. The ice sheet made deep troughs in the
unconsolidated sediment, which are now filled by the marine waters of Puget Sound, but
as the Puget lobe initially retreated, the troughs south of the ice front were filled with
glacial meltwater lakes (Thorson 1980). Eventually the ice retreated north of the Straight
of Juan de Fuca, and marine waters filled Puget Sound.
Once the weight of the ice was removed from the land at the end of the Pleistocene, rapid
isostatic rebound resulted in emergence of previously inundated lands before ca. 9000 to
8000 B.P. Rebound of the land resulted in lower relative sea levels and associated
downcutting of rivers. Worldwide (eustatic) sea levels have risen throughout the
Holocene, out -pacing the rate of uplift by ca. 7000 B.P. and then slowing considerably
after ca. 5,000 B.P. (Clague et al. 1982). As the sea level rose, sediments accumulated
along middle and lower river courses and deltas built out into Puget Sound. Meandering
stream -flow patterns developed as the rivers cut through the recently deposited sediment.
When the rise of sea level slowed ca. 5,000 B.P. depositional beaches developed along
the shoreline of Puget Sound.
The project area is on coarse -grained recessional lacustrine (lake) deposits of the Vashon
stade (Qvrs). These sandy sediments were deposited as the ice sheet retreated and
formed large meltwater lakes (Booth et al. 2004). The soil is mapped as Indianola loamy
fine sand, which develops on glacial drift (MRCS 2009).
3.2 Environmental Setting
Native vegetation of the project area is within the Tsuga heterophylla (western hemlock)
vegetation zone typical of the Puget Lowland (Franklin and Dymess 1973). This zone is
characterized by dense coniferous forests with high primary biomass accumulations and
long-lived species. Climax forests are dominated by western hemlock and western red
cedar with sub -climax Douglas fir. The Puget Lowland is somewhat drier and more
moderate in temperature range than is typical of the western hemlock zone. This is
largely the result of the Olympic Mountains rain shadow and onshore marine air flow.
Some portions of the Puget Lowland contained prairies during the early historic period,
whose extent is now much reduced. The origins and persistence of these prairies until ca.
100 to 150 years ago are likely related to drier soils and frequent fires. By 1897, the area
had been timber harvested (USGS 1897). By the late 1930s, the project area and the
vicinity had undergone moderate residential development. The existing house and garage
are visible in a 1937 aerial photograph (King County n.d.). The landowner said his
property and the property to the east had been graded in the past and the sediment pushed
off the bluff into the Sound.
A wide variety of animal species of economic importance to native populations during
the early historic period would have resided in the project vicinity, including black -tailed
deer (Odocoileus hemionus), elk (Cervus elaphus), and black bear (Ursus americanus)
and smaller fur -bearing animals such as beaver (Castor canadensis), raccoon (Procyon
Cnscndirr:lrclxmolq�t LLC: 4 (,learnResidennial Remodel
1
lotor), bobcat (Lynx rufus), and minks and weasels (Mustela spp.). Chinook, coho and
pink salmon and cutthroat trout traveled through Commencement Bay, four miles south
of the project area, and then up the Puyallup River and its tributaries to spawn or resided
there and in nearby lakes year-round. Other fish recorded in numbers within
Commencement Bay or the project vicinity includes lingcod and spiny dogfish (Miller
and Borton 1980). Birds frequenting the project vicinity seasonally or year-round
included a variety of raptors, songbirds, and waterfowl.
3.3 Cultural Setting
3.3.1 Archaeology
A search of records on file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation
(DAHP) shows that six previous cultural resource studies have taken place adjacent to or
within 0.5 miles of the project area. Two archaeological sites (45-KI-732 and—KI-58)
were revisited or identified during those studies. Both sites are characterized as Pre -
Contact shell middens. The landforms these sites are on differ from that of the project
area. One is on the bank of a perennial stream approximately 200 ft. inland (Berger
2008) and the other is on a lower lying beach terrrace at 4 ft. above sea level (Shong
2006). Dampf (2005) directed a survey in which two trenches were excavated on the
south side of SW 300`h P1. One trench located approximately 40 m southwest of the
project area measured 6 ft. x 3 ft. x 2 ft. The second trench measuring 6 ft. x 3 ft. x 3 ft.
was approximately 110 east of the project area. Across from the second trench, a
4-ft.-deep soil exposure was present at the time of the survey. A historic bottle in
disturbed context was reported.
In the Puget Lowlands many late Holocene archaeological sites are associated with the
saltwater shoreline or with river banks and floodplains. Saltwater shoreline sites
typically are less than 5000 years old because of rapid sea level rise before that time. In
fact, most sites in this region that are located on the shoreline are less than 1500-2000
years old. Land use systems of the early- and mid -Holocene involved higher settlement
mobility and greater dependence on terrestrial resources (Schalk 1988). Sites from these
earlier periods often consist of lithic scatters on old river terraces and other elevated
landforms in upper river valleys.
3.3.2 Ethnography
The historic and ethnographic literature documents the long history of the Puyallup
Indians in the region. Prior to being forced onto reservations by non -Indian settlement in
the Puget Sound region, the Puyallup Indians had numerous small villages along the
Puyallup and White Rivers, along other smaller streams that empty into Commencement
Bay, and on Vashon Island (Haeberlin and Gunther 1930). The permanent villages
usually consisted of a plank house that was occupied in the winter months. During other
times of the year temporary camps were often used during resource procurement
activities (Smith 1940b). Numerous ethnographic place names for the region were
recorded by T. T. Waterman around 1920, including three near the project area. Two of
the places, Qa'gahwEts (crabapples) and Stsoxwa'bats (chokecherry), refer to food
resources that may have been gathered (Hilbert et al. 2001).
Cn.rcudin �Jrchc�eolu rr. Llf 5 Ulem:v Resickjaial Re mode!
The resources used by the Puyallup include marine and river resources such as clams,
salmon, and seals. Some forest and prairie resources that the Puyallup used were large
and small game, cedar trees, roots and berries. Marshes and wetland habitats provided
plant resources, such as cattail, skunk cabbage, devil's club and crabapples, as well as
mammals and birds (Haeberlin and Gunther 1930; Smith 1940a, 1940b; Forsman et al.
2003).
3.3.3 History
Records reviews of the DAHP GIS database and King County Historic Landmarks listing
and historic aerial photography indicate that there are structures greater than 50 years old
in the neighborhood but none are listed on a historic register. General Land Office
records indicate the area west of and including Poverty Bay Park (Figure 1) was
purchased by Richard H. Lansdale in 1872. In the same year, land east of Poverty Bay
Park was purchased by Calvin King. The 1900 U.S.G.S. topographic map shows two
structures near the project area. The archival research suggests the area has only seen
residential development.
4.0 SURVEY
4.1 Expectations
The probability of fording archaeological cultural resources was low. The bluff is very
steep so access to beached canoes and shoreline resources would have been difficult. No
freshwater is present near the project area so it is not amenable to a lengthy occupation.
Thus, encountering archaeological sediments is unlikely. If a cultural resource were
found, it would probably be a historic refuse dump or isolated lithic artifact.
4.2 Design
Due to the small expanse of the project area and that the landowner informed us that four
soil test holes had been left open, up to four shovel probes to a depth of maximum
disturbance and a pedestrian surface survey were planned. If feasible, the soil test holes
would be used in lieu of a shovel probe with the side walls scraped to examine the
stratigraphy. Shovel probes would be excavated in 20 cm levels and sediment screened
over'/4-inch mesh hardware cloth. Descriptions of soils, stratigraphy, and cultural
resources, if present, would be recorded on standard field forms and by photography.
4.3 Methods
Background research was conducted to determine if known cultural resources are or are
likely present within the project area. Background research included a search of previous
cultural resource studies and recorded sites on file at the DAHP; local histories and
historic maps available at the University of Washington, Washington State University
�a.ecadin �Jrchueologi>, LLC 6 Residential Rewodel
and Cascadia Archaeology libraries; and on-line historical, geological, and soils
information.
Professional Archaeologist Teresa Trost conducted the survey on March 3, 2012 (Figure
2). The landowner was on site and provided an overview of the property (Figures 3 and
4). Bank exposure and the soil test holes were visually examined; the latter had the side
walls scraped using shovel or trowel. A volume of spoils from soil test 3 estimated as
being equal to a 20 cm level in a shovel probe was screened. Two shovel probes were
excavated outside the existing soil test holes. One on the east side of the project area was
excavated as the soil test hole was mostly infilled. Another probe was dug at the south
end of the project area in the footprint of the driveway as no soil test had been done in
that area. The probe on the west side of the structure was dug closest to the cliff edge as
it is more likely archaeological deposits would be along the edge of the cliff, and if
sediment had been pushed into the Sound, there was the potential for a buried surface.
Shovel probe 4 was terminated at 40 cm below surface (cmbs) as it was apparent from the
other soil exposures and the compaction of the soil that it was within undisturbed glacial
sediments.
Figure 3. Overview of proposed driveway location.
Figure 4. Overview of west lawn. Note stairs to beach in background.
Cuscadia llrchaeologv, LLC 7 Ckw.'v Resideuliul Remodel
4.4 Field Results
Field conditions were good. Surface inspection indicated that up to 2 ft. of sediment had
been scraped from the parcel based on the elevation of the property to the east. Very
infrequent small shell fragments were present on the surface of the flower beds on the
east and west sides of the property. Inspection of the soil test holes exposed brown sandy
silt 20-30 cm thick lying atop glacial sediments. Glacial sediments were orange and gray
mottled sandy clay or orange and gray mottled silty sand (Figures 5-7; Table 1). No
significant cultural material was identified (Table 1). Very sparse (n <IO) small shell
fragments were observed in the spoils from soil test 3 when screening and less than that
was seen in the upper 2 cm of the east profile. The stairs to the beach lead up to this
stretch of lawn and the shell probably has been carried by or on people and inadvertently
deposited. Glass and a moonsnail shell were observed in spoils from soil test hole 1. The
moonsnail shell was probably brought up from the beach as a souvenir.
Figure 5. SP1. Terminated at glacial sediments.
Figure 6. SP2.
Cascadia Archaeol(gp-, LLC 8 Cleat-v Residential Remodel
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Figure 7. Soil test 3. East wall in which a few small shell fragments were visibile.
Table 1. Descriniion of Shovel Probes.
Shovel
Depth
robe
cmbs
Sediment Description
Contents
Comments
SP 1
0-29
Brown semi -fine sandy silt,
Half of a rusted
very sparse pebbles.
bolt.
0-20
Brown silt, very little fine sand,
Brick fragment,
Partially burnt
15% subrounded small pebbles.
white ceramic
small piece of
fragment, clear
wood at
SP2
gJass fragment.
contact.
20-60
Orange and gray mottled sandy
clay. Some small cobbles at
base.
0-20
Brown semi -fine sandy silt,
Very sparse
Brick fragment
10% subrounded small pebbles.
shell fragments
in soil test.
< 0.5 cm in
size.
SP3
20-50
Brown gray and orange mottled
silty semi -fine sand, sparse
subrounded small pebbles.
50-60
Brown gray/gray and orange
mottled sandy clay, sparse
subrounded small pebbles.
0-28
Brown medium sand silt, 10%
Cobalt blue
Rusted V2-inch
subrounded small gravel.
glass fragment.
pipe running N-
SP4
S east side of
soil test 1.
28-40
Casendicr Archaeology, I_LC 9 Clean Residential Remodel
5.0 MANAGEMENT RECOMMENDATIONS
I recommend the project described above be permitted to proceed without further
archaeological investigation. While no cultural resources were observed within the
project area, it is possible that cultural materials not discovered during this investigation
could be exposed during construction. Should archaeological materials (e.g. bones, shell,
stone tools, beads, ceramics, historic refuse dumps, hearths, etc.) be observed during
project activities, all work in the immediate vicinity should stop and the State Department
of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (360-586-3065) and the City of Federal Way
should be contacted as soon as possible. If any human remains are observed, all work
should cease and the immediate area secured. Local law enforcement and the County
coroner must be notified in the most expeditious manner possible. Compliance with all
applicable laws pertaining to archaeological resources (RCW 27.53, 27.44 and WAC 25-
48) and human remains (RCW 68.50) is required.
A copy of this report should be provided to the Department of Archaeology and Historic
Preservation.
C'ascaclia.]rehaeologi,, LLC 10 Cleary Residential Remodel
6.0 REFERENCES CITED
Berger, Margaret
2008 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Lakota Wastewater Treatment Plant
Outfall Realignment Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington. Report
prepared by Cultural Resource Consultants, Inc. for Grette Associates,
Tacoma, WA. On file at DAHP, Olympia.
Booth, D. B., H. H. Waldron, and K. G. Troost
2004 Geologic Map of the Poverty Bay 7.5' Quadrangle, King and Pierce Counties
Washington. Scientific Investigations Map-2854. U. S. Geological Survey,
Reston, VA.
Clague, John, John Harper, R.J. Hebda, and D.E. Howes
1982 Late Quaternary Sea Levels and Crustal Movements, Coastal British
Columbia. Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences 19:597-618
Dampf, Steven
2005 Phase IT Subsurface Archaeological Survey, Lakehaven Utility District,
Lakota Beach Pressure System, King County, Washington. Report prepared
by Heritage Research Associates for Lakehaven Utility District. On file at the
DAHP, Olympia.
Easterbrook, Don J.
1986 Stratigraphy and Chronology of Quaternary Deposits of the Puget Lowland
and Olympic Mountains of Washington and the Cascade Mountains of
Washington and Oregon. Quaternary Science Reviews 5:145-159.
Forsman, Leonard A., Gretchen A. Kaehler and Lynn Larson
2003 Paaga Property Conceptual Mitigation Plan Archaeological Resources
Assessment. LAAS report submitted to Sound Transit, Seattle.
Franklin, Jerry and C.T. Dyrness
1973 Natural Vegetation of Oregon and Washington. USDA Forest Service
General Technical Report PNW-8. USDA Forest Service, Portland, Oregon.
Haeberlin, Hermann and Erna Gunther
1930 The Indians of Puget Sound. University of Washington Press, Seattle.
Hilbert, Vi, Jay Miller, and Zalmai Zahir
2001 Puget Sound Geography: Original Manuscript from T. T. Waterman. Zahir
Consulting Services, Federal Way, Washington.
Miller, B. S., and S. F. Borton
1980 Geographical Distribution of Puget Sound Fishes: Maps and Data Source Sheets.
Washington Sea Grant Publication, Seattle.
l'ascadio �[rchueology'. LLC 11 ClemyResidewialRemodel
NRCS
2009 Soil Survey of King County Area, Washington. Electronic document,
http,//websoilsurvey.nres.usda.gov/app/websoilsurvey.aspx, accessed March
1, 2012.
Forsman, Leonard A., Gretchen A. Kaehler and Lynn Larson
2003 .Paaga Property Conceptual Mitigation Plan Archaeological Resources
Assessment. LAAS report submitted to Sound Transit, Seattle.
King County
n.d. 1936 Aerial Survey, map no. 201301. Online document King County Road
Services -Map Vault.
http://info.kingcounty. gov/transportation/kcdot/roads/mapandrecordscenter/m
apvault/default.aspx, accessed March 1, 2012.
Schalk, Randall
1988 The Evolution and Diversification ofNative Land Use Systems on the
Olympic Peninsuala: A Research Design. National Park Service, Pacific
Northwest Region, Olympia.
Shong, Michael and Christian J. Miss
2006 Shell Midden Discovery During a Proposed Bulkhead Installation in the
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