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17-105489-Greenline Business Park Cultural Resource Report-02.16.23Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY COVER SHEET Please submit reports unbound Author: Frank Stipe Title of Report: Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey Date: 7/31/17 County (ies): King Sections: 15/16 Township: 21 North Range: 4 East Quad: Poverty Bay 7.5’ Acres: 120 Does this replace a draft? Yes X No Sites Found? Yes X No TCP(s) found? Yes X No DAHP Archaeological Site #: Reports are now being accepted as single file PDF’s and can be submitted on a cd along with the paper copy. (Attach additional sheets as necessary) REPORT CHECK LIST Report should contain the following items:  Clear objectives and methods  A summary of the results of the survey  A report of where the survey records and data are stored  A research design that:  Details survey objectives  Details specific methods  Details expected results  Details area surveyed including map(s) and legal locational information  Details how results will be feedback in the planning process Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey King County, Washington Prepared for: 15020 Bear Creek Rd NE Woodinville, WA 98077 Prepared by Frank Stipe - Archaeologist 19803 North Creek Parkway Bothell, WA 98011 July 2017 Van Lierop Property Cultural Resource Survey i April 2017 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Talasaea Consultants, Inc. has consulted with Tetra Tech to complete a background research study and archaeological inventory of the Greenline Business Park (Talasaea Project# TAL-1572C) Property Project. The project proposes the construction of three warehouse buildings near an existing office building and four ponds excavated near the perimeter of the Greenline Business Park Property Project. The three proposed warehouse buildings will be approximately 44-feet in height with footprint measuring 290,000, 147,000 and 605,500 square feet (SF), this cultural resource investigation was requested to determine the presence of archaeological materials or features which may be disturbed during the construction process. The proposed Project Area is approximately 120 acres in size and located 1.3-miles southeast of downtown Federal Way. The project area is occupied by an office building with associated drives and parking lots all surrounded by mature forest. Portions of The Project Area have been developed in the past for residential use. No archaeological resources were identified during the field investigation of The Project Area. It is recommended that, in the event cultural resources are encountered during project related excavation activities, all work in the immediate area of the find be halted until a qualified Archaeological Monitor can be summoned to the site to assess and evaluate the find. Greenline Business Park Cultural Resource Survey ii July 2017 Table of Contents Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... i 1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1 2.0 Project Description ................................................................................................................. 1 3.0 Cultural Setting ...................................................................................................................... 2 3.1 Previous Archaeological Survey ...................................................................................... 3 3.3 History ................................................................................................................................. 4 4.0 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 7 5.0 Inventory Results ................................................................................................................... 8 5.1 Observations ....................................................................................................................... 8 5.2 Shovel Test Probes ............................................................................................................. 8 6.0 Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 9 7.0 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 10 Table Page Table 1 Cultural Resource Surveys within 1 mile of the proposed project area………………...…7 Appendix A ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Appendix B ..................................................................................................................................... 1 Appendix C ..................................................................................................................................... 2 Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 1 July 2017 1.0 Introduction Talasaea Consultants, Inc. has consulted with Tetra Tech to complete a background research study and archaeological inventory of the Greenline Business Park Project (Project Area). The goal of this inventory is to determine the presence of surface and subsurface archaeological resources as well as historic structures and properties that are eligible for listing on the National Register of Historic Places (NRHP); this effort included an archival and literature review, field reconnaissance of the project area through surface and subsurface survey, identification of historic buildings and structures within the project APE and the production of this report. 2.0 Project Description The project area is found approximately 1.3-miles southeast of downtown Federal Way, Washington. The project area is located west of North Lake and I-5. The project area is located within Sections 15 and 16 of Township 21 North, and Range 4 East (Figure 1). An existing 2-story office building will not be removed although the associated parking lots and drives will be altered to accommodate the new buildings. Several areas within the Project Area have been identified as wetlands. The project survey covered approximately 120 acres of land, see Figure 1. The project proponent plans to build three warehouse buildings constructed around an existing office building and 4 ponds built near the outer edges of The Project Area. The three proposed warehouse buildings will be approximately 44-feet in height with footprint measuring 290,000, 147,000 and 605,500 square feet (SF), associated drives, parking and infrastructure. The proposed buildings and locations are shown in Figure 2. Aerial photography shows that portions of The Project Area have been developed for residential use in the past and are now forest lands now. The office building development with paved drives and parking lots occupy the majority of the Project Area. An environmental inspection completed by Talasaea Consultants revealed several wetland areas within the project area. It is expected that the ground surface will be disturbed across the entire Project Area, the proposed buildings will require excavations several feet below ground surface. Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 2 July 2017 Figure 1. Project Location Map Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 3 July 2017 3.0 Cultural Setting The Project Area has most certainly been occupied by aboriginal and Euro-American peoples in the past. The following Section describes the known archaeological history of the project area including known archaeological site. 3.1 Previous Archaeological Survey Tetra Tech conducted a literature review of previous cultural resource investigations within one mile of the proposed project area. The literature review was conducted at the Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) website, WISAARD. The file search revealed that seven archaeological surveys have been completed within one mile of the proposed project (Table 1). That same file search revealed that no archaeological sites have been identified within one miles of the proposed project area. Table 1 Cultural Resource Surveys within 1 miles of the proposed project area. WA DAHP Report # Author(s) Date Title 1342699 Charles T. Luttrell 2003 Cultural Resources Investigations for Washington State Department of Transportation’s SR 161: Milton Way to South 360th Street Project. 1345011 Amber L. Earley 2005 Cultural Resources Assessment of the Thompson Park Project, Federal Way 1345762 Charles T. Luttrell 2005 Letter to Kimberley Farley Regarding I-5: Pierce County Line to Tukwila Stage 4 HOV Project. 1348206 James C. Bard 2006 Final Report: Cultural Resources Discipline Report for I-5 SR 161/SR18 Triangle Improvements. 1685856 Gath Baldwin 2014 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Pacific Highway South HOV Lanes Phase V (S 340th Street to S 359th Street) Project, Federal Way. 1685866 Jennifer Chambers 2009 Cultural Resources Assessment for the City of Edgewood, Meridian Avenue Sewer LID No.1 Improvement project. 1686954 Garth Baldwin 2015 Cultural Resources Assessment for the South 356th Street Roadway Improvements Project, Federal Way. None of the surveys described in Table 1 identified any cultural resources within the proposed Project Area. Survey # 1348206 completed several shovel test probes near The Project Area to the south, no archaeological materials were identified in those shovel test probes. There are no known or recorded archaeological sites in the APE. The field survey and limited shovel testing (see Appendix C) did not produce any relevant findings. Tetra Tech did not find any archaeological resources in those areas of the APE that were surface-inspected and tested with shovel probes. The Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation database WISAARD identifies The Project Area as “High Risk” and “Moderate Risk” for cultural resources in areas near North Lake, the remainder of The Project Area is identified as “Moderately low risk.” Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 4 July 2017 GLO maps available through the BLM indicate that the areas around North Lake were split into 40 acre parcels as early as 1860. 3.3 History The project vicinity was available for the first hunter-fisher-gatherers about 15,000 years ago, when this area was an island separated from the mainland by a marine fjord. Most likely, early hunter-fisher-gatherer use before about 6,000 years ago was hunting, plant collecting, and use of drainages as travel routes. Archaeological data from the region suggest that upland base camps were located along the bluffs that overlooked Puget Sound and the Green River Valley (Suttles and Lane 1990). The Hylebos Creek drainage lies within the large area assigned to cultural groups that spoke Southern Lushootseed of the Salish language family. Speakers of Southern Lushootseed (as well as Northern Lushootseed and Twana) are referred to as the Southern Coast Salish (Suttles and Lane 1990). The Project Area lies between the White River (now Green River) Valley to the east, the Puyallup River to the south, and Puget Sound to the west and is within territory attributed by ethnographers to the Puyallup (Haeberlin and Gunther 1930; Smith 1940; Spier 1936). The study area is also near the winter villages and use areas of the Muckleshoot and Duwamish people. The Muckleshoot had winter villages at present day Auburn and traveled through the study area to access fishing and shellfish camps on Puget Sound. They had strong relations with the Duwamish living in the Kent villages (who were known as the Lower White River people) (LAAS 2000). Peoples from east of the Cascades would visit the vicinity to trade and gather resources; their descendants are today represented by the Yakama Indian Nation (which claims this area of Puget Sound as part of their usual and accustomed areas). The Puyallup, Muckleshoot, and Duwamish were typical practitioners of the Puget Sound variant of the Northwest Coast culture complex. Salmon formed the bulk of the annual diet, with varying supplements of shellfish, land game, waterfowl, and plant resources. Most foods were dried and/or smoked over fires or steamed over heated rocks. Preserved foods (salmon and clams) were stored for winter use or traded with outside groups for goods and items not available in Puget Sound territory. Technology used to exploit these resources included elaborate fish weirs, aerial duck nets, snares, and pitfalls. The Puyallup lived in winter houses made from cedar planks attached to wooden frames consisting of house posts and cross beams (Suttles and Lane 1990). The Puyallup Indian Reservation was established in 1854 by the Treaty of Medicine Creek and later executive orders (Wright 1997). The original Puyallup Indian Reservation was too small and situated on poor lands (Wright 1997). The poor quality and location of the reservation was one of the main reasons the Puyallup fought against the U.S. in the 1855 to 1856 Indian Wars. After the end of the Indian Wars, the U.S. expanded the Puyallup Indian Reservation (W right 1997). By 1868 land parcels that surround North Land had been split into individual 40 acre land parcels (Figure 2). Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 5 July 2017 Figure 2. View of the 1868 GLO map showing The Project Area outline. Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 6 July 2017 Federal Way began as a logging settlement in the late 1880’s, one of the first sawmills in the area began in 1890 on Steel Lake approximately 1 mile North/Northeast of The Project Area. In 1900, Weyerhaeuser and 15 partners met in Tacoma to purchase between 800,000 and 900,000 acres of land in Washington from the Burlington Northern/Santa Fe Railway, including land in Federal Way (Historical Society 2003). Figure 3. 1965 Aerial Photograph with The Project Area outline shown. Note the residential development around the lake. The 1950’s saw the community of Federal Way grow from a small lumber town to a metropolitan area. In 1968, Weyerhaeuser purchased 430 acres of land for its corporate headquarters located a short distance south of The Project Area (Figure 3), the headquarters building was opened in April of 1971 (Historical Society 2003). The headquarters building was built into the landscape and a pond was excavated north of the building (Figure 4). Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 7 July 2017 Figure 4. 1975 Aerial photograph with The Project Area outline shown. Construction of the Weyerhaeuser Building to the south would have taken considerable earth moving operations. The existing office building located on the parent parcel was constructed in 1978 (King County Assessor), the small clearing seen in the 1975 aerial indicates that early work on the office building complex has likely begun. 4.0 Methodology Investigation of the archaeological resources contained within and around The Project Area lands involved a literature search of the project area and a physical survey of the project lands. The literature search was accomplished by reviewing Washington DAHP records and local historical society literature and GLO maps. The literature search at the Washington DAHP website WISAARD occurred on May 5th, 2017. Both historic structures records and archaeological site and survey records were consulted to determine the presence or absence of known archaeological materials in the area of the proposed project. Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 8 July 2017 Survey of the project area included pedestrian surface survey and shovel testing. Field work was completed May 7-10, 13-16, 20-22 and June 26-28 of 2016. Surface survey consisted of transects spaced 15 meters apart and walked in cardinal directions. Shovel test units consisted of 30 cm. diameter probes dug to at least 50 cm. below surface level. The report author believes the presence of lakes, ponds and streams in the region would have provided excellent resource gathering opportunities to pre-Euro contact native peoples as well as early Euro-settlers to the region. Three small lakes are located within 1 mile of the Project APE, these are North Lake, Lake Geneva and Lake Killarney. Aerial photographs show that the Project APE is located over a former residential neighborhood (Figure 3). Today the majority of the project area is occupied by the existing office building complex with associated parking lots and open areas (Figure 5). The project area has seen a close human presence since at least the 1950’s and any surface or near surface features or artifacts that may have once been found in the area have likely been removed by former residents of the area. Based on previous archaeological surveys, known archaeological sites in the project vicinity and known disturbances/conditions the proposed project area has a low potential for archaeological materials including farm and homestead remains and Native American artifacts. 5.0 Inventory Results No historic or prehistoric artifacts or features were identified during the survey of the Greenline Business Park Property. Fifteen meter spaced transects were conducted in all areas of the project and 52 shovel test pits were dug over the project area. 5.1 Observations The majority of the project area is occupied by the existing office building located near the center of the Project Area. Based on cut tree stumps and undulating ground surface conditions it would appear that the forested portion of The Project Area has experienced at least one round of timber harvesting. Woods in the northwest quarter of The Project Area have been planted on an even grid as with tree farms. Numerous wetland areas were noted throughout the forested portion of The Project Area. The forested portion of The Project Area holds numerous formal and informal walking paths that allow access to all parts of The Project Area. An open field is located on the southern end of The Project Area and provides a view of the Greenline Headquarters building from the Interstate 5 corridor. The office building, parking lots, pedestrian infrastructure and paved access roads cover a significant portion of The Project Area. Forested areas between parking lots are sloped or contain surface water, these areas also seem to have younger trees planted rather than the older surrounding forest. Several 3-4 foot diameters stumps were observed within the woods surrounding the office building. 5.2 Shovel Test Probes As previously mentioned a significant portion of The Project Area is occupied by the office building complex and parking lots. Additionally formal and informal pathways as well is access drives wind through the property. Shovel test probes were placed in locations most Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 9 July 2017 advantageous to identifying subsurface archaeological materials, sloping lands, areas of depleted soils and roadways were avoided. From Weyerhaeuser Road east to the lake the landscape slopes (great than 10%) east towards North Lake. This area was not shovel tested due to this slope, the area closer to the lake was significantly more level, several STP’s were completed in this area. Treed areas surrounding the six parking lots which serve the existing office building have been intentionally planted and are located on slopes, the number of individual parking lots appear to be a result of using the sloping lands to the best advantage. The forested area east of the office building slops greatly towards North Lake, similar conditions were noted on the east side of Weyerhaeuser Road. 6.0 Recommendations Based on the results of the literature review and subsequent survey of the project area, Tetra Tech recommends that the project be implemented as planned, provided the following standard protections measure is adhered to: If artifacts or unusual amounts of bone or shell are uncovered during the construction activity, work will be stopped and a qualified archeologist will be contacted for on-site consultation. With compliance to this protection measure, Tetra Tech believes the Greenline Business Park project will have no effect on any cultural resource property listed on, or eligible for nomination to, the National Register of Historic Places. Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 10 July 2017 7.0 Bibliography Historical Society 2017 The Historical Society of Federal Way home page. http://federalwayhistory.org/ Accessed July 2017. King County Assessor 2017 King County Assessor home page. http://kingcounty.gov/depts/assessor.aspx Accessed July 2017. Spier, L. 1936 Tribal Distribution in Washington. General Series in Anthropology 3. Menasha, Wisconsin. Stein, Alan 2001 White River Valley (King County). HistoryLink Website. Accessed 5/19/2016. Website: http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3583 Suttles, Wayne and Barbara Lane 1990 Southern Coast Salish. In Handbook of North American Indians Vol. 7, edited by Wayne Suttles, pp. 485-502. Smithsonian Institution, Washington. Wright, J. 1997 History of the Puyallup Tribe of Indians. The Puyallup Tribe of Indians, Tacoma, Washington Van Lierop Property Cultural Resource Survey May 2016 Appendix A Project Maps Van Lierop Property Cultural Resource Survey A-1 May 2016 Figure 5 Shovel Test Probe Locations Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey July 2017 Appendix B Project Photographs Photo 1. View of gravel walking path which travels through the project area. Photo 2. View of the open field in the southwest quarter of the project area. Photo 2. View of the open field in the southwest quarter of the project area, Interstate 5 is seen in the background. Photo 3. View of the woods in the northern portion of the Project Area. Photo 4. One of many cut stumps observed throughout the Project Area. Photo 5. Trees planted in rows in the north/central portion of the Project Area. Photo 6. One of a few gravel road segments which travel through the Project Area. Photo 6. One of a few gravel road segments which travel through the Project Area. Road cuts were inspected for cultural resources. Photo 7. Maintained gravel roads provided exposed soils easy to observe. Photo 8. The western extent of the office building. Photo 9. Facing south towards one of the entrances to the office building located on the project area. Photo 10. View of the northern extent of North Lake. Photo 11. This slope lead down to North Lake from Weyerhauser Road. Photo 12. One of several toppled tree stumps which were observed for archaeological materials. Photo 13. View of utility pole found in the northern portion of the Project Area near the former residential properties located in this area. Photo 14. Facing southeast across North Lake. Photo 15. Typical shoreline of North Lake within the Project Area. Photo 16. View of a former paved road traveling along the west side of North Lake. Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey July 2017 Appendix C Shovel Test Probe Data Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey July 2017 STP # STP Depth Soil Description Materials Found/Notes 1 50 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 2 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field, lands undulate 3 55 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 4 57 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 5 55 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 6 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 7 57 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 8 50 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 9 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 10 55 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 11 57 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field, the field undulates greatly in spots, could be related to Weyerhaeuser building development. 12 50 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 13 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 14 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 15 55 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20% sub angular gravels Open field 16 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 17 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 18 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 19 50 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 20 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are planted in straight lines 21 50 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are planted in straight lines 22 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are planted in straight lines 23 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are planted in straight lines 24 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 25 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 26 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 27 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 28 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey July 2017 29 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 30 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 31 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 32 50 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 33 50 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 34 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are planted in straight lines 35 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are planted in straight lines 36 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, cut stumps and push pile and/or tree harvesting activities 37 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, cut stumps and push pile and/or tree harvesting activities 38 55 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 39 57 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 40 55 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 41 56 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 42 56 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area 43 57 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, steep slope from paved road heading east 44 50 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, area level although forest to the west comes down at a steep slope. 45 56 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area 46 55 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area 47 50 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area 48 56 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, wetlands 49 55 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, wetlands 50 56 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, wetlands 51 55 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area 52 57 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, partially paved road begins and turns to the west at this point.