17-105489-Greenline Business Park Cultural Resource Report-02.16.23Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey
CULTURAL RESOURCES SURVEY COVER
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Author: Frank Stipe
Title of Report: Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey
Date: 7/31/17
County (ies): King Sections: 15/16 Township: 21 North Range: 4 East
Quad: Poverty Bay 7.5’ Acres: 120
Does this replace a draft? Yes X No
Sites Found? Yes X No
TCP(s) found? Yes X No
DAHP Archaeological Site #:
Reports are now being accepted as single file PDF’s and can be
submitted on a cd along with the paper copy.
(Attach additional sheets as necessary)
REPORT CHECK LIST
Report should contain the following items:
Clear objectives and methods
A summary of the results of the survey
A report of where the survey records and data are stored
A research design that:
Details survey objectives
Details specific methods
Details expected results
Details area surveyed including map(s) and legal
locational information
Details how results will be feedback in the
planning process
Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey
Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey
King County, Washington
Prepared for:
15020 Bear Creek Rd NE
Woodinville, WA 98077
Prepared by
Frank Stipe - Archaeologist
19803 North Creek Parkway
Bothell, WA 98011
July 2017
Van Lierop Property Cultural Resource Survey i April 2017
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Talasaea Consultants, Inc. has consulted with Tetra Tech to complete a background research study
and archaeological inventory of the Greenline Business Park (Talasaea Project# TAL-1572C)
Property Project. The project proposes the construction of three warehouse buildings near an
existing office building and four ponds excavated near the perimeter of the Greenline Business
Park Property Project. The three proposed warehouse buildings will be approximately 44-feet in
height with footprint measuring 290,000, 147,000 and 605,500 square feet (SF), this cultural
resource investigation was requested to determine the presence of archaeological materials or
features which may be disturbed during the construction process.
The proposed Project Area is approximately 120 acres in size and located 1.3-miles southeast of
downtown Federal Way. The project area is occupied by an office building with associated drives
and parking lots all surrounded by mature forest. Portions of The Project Area have been
developed in the past for residential use.
No archaeological resources were identified during the field investigation of The Project Area. It
is recommended that, in the event cultural resources are encountered during project related
excavation activities, all work in the immediate area of the find be halted until a qualified
Archaeological Monitor can be summoned to the site to assess and evaluate the find.
Greenline Business Park Cultural Resource Survey ii July 2017
Table of Contents
Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... i
1.0 Introduction ............................................................................................................................ 1
2.0 Project Description ................................................................................................................. 1
3.0 Cultural Setting ...................................................................................................................... 2
3.1 Previous Archaeological Survey ...................................................................................... 3
3.3 History ................................................................................................................................. 4
4.0 Methodology ........................................................................................................................... 7
5.0 Inventory Results ................................................................................................................... 8
5.1 Observations ....................................................................................................................... 8
5.2 Shovel Test Probes ............................................................................................................. 8
6.0 Recommendations .................................................................................................................. 9
7.0 Bibliography ......................................................................................................................... 10
Table Page
Table 1 Cultural Resource Surveys within 1 mile of the proposed project area………………...…7
Appendix A ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Appendix B ..................................................................................................................................... 1
Appendix C ..................................................................................................................................... 2
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 1 July 2017
1.0 Introduction
Talasaea Consultants, Inc. has consulted with Tetra Tech to complete a background research study
and archaeological inventory of the Greenline Business Park Project (Project Area). The goal of
this inventory is to determine the presence of surface and subsurface archaeological resources as
well as historic structures and properties that are eligible for listing on the National Register of
Historic Places (NRHP); this effort included an archival and literature review, field
reconnaissance of the project area through surface and subsurface survey, identification of
historic buildings and structures within the project APE and the production of this report.
2.0 Project Description
The project area is found approximately 1.3-miles southeast of downtown Federal Way,
Washington. The project area is located west of North Lake and I-5. The project area is located
within Sections 15 and 16 of Township 21 North, and Range 4 East (Figure 1). An existing 2-story
office building will not be removed although the associated parking lots and drives will be altered
to accommodate the new buildings. Several areas within the Project Area have been identified
as wetlands. The project survey covered approximately 120 acres of land, see Figure 1.
The project proponent plans to build three warehouse buildings constructed around an existing
office building and 4 ponds built near the outer edges of The Project Area. The three proposed
warehouse buildings will be approximately 44-feet in height with footprint measuring 290,000,
147,000 and 605,500 square feet (SF), associated drives, parking and infrastructure. The proposed
buildings and locations are shown in Figure 2.
Aerial photography shows that portions of The Project Area have been developed for residential
use in the past and are now forest lands now. The office building development with paved drives
and parking lots occupy the majority of the Project Area. An environmental inspection completed
by Talasaea Consultants revealed several wetland areas within the project area. It is expected
that the ground surface will be disturbed across the entire Project Area, the proposed buildings
will require excavations several feet below ground surface.
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 2 July 2017
Figure 1. Project Location Map
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 3 July 2017
3.0 Cultural Setting
The Project Area has most certainly been occupied by aboriginal and Euro-American peoples in
the past. The following Section describes the known archaeological history of the project area
including known archaeological site.
3.1 Previous Archaeological Survey
Tetra Tech conducted a literature review of previous cultural resource investigations within one
mile of the proposed project area. The literature review was conducted at the Washington
Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) website, WISAARD. The file
search revealed that seven archaeological surveys have been completed within one mile of the
proposed project (Table 1). That same file search revealed that no archaeological sites have been
identified within one miles of the proposed project area.
Table 1 Cultural Resource Surveys within 1 miles of the proposed project area.
WA DAHP
Report #
Author(s) Date Title
1342699 Charles T.
Luttrell 2003 Cultural Resources Investigations for Washington State
Department of Transportation’s SR 161: Milton Way to
South 360th Street Project.
1345011 Amber L.
Earley 2005 Cultural Resources Assessment of the Thompson Park
Project, Federal Way
1345762 Charles T.
Luttrell 2005 Letter to Kimberley Farley Regarding I-5: Pierce County
Line to Tukwila Stage 4 HOV Project.
1348206 James C.
Bard 2006 Final Report: Cultural Resources Discipline Report for I-5
SR 161/SR18 Triangle Improvements.
1685856 Gath
Baldwin 2014 Cultural Resources Assessment for the Pacific Highway
South HOV Lanes Phase V (S 340th Street to S 359th Street)
Project, Federal Way.
1685866 Jennifer
Chambers 2009 Cultural Resources Assessment for the City of Edgewood,
Meridian Avenue Sewer LID No.1 Improvement project.
1686954 Garth
Baldwin 2015 Cultural Resources Assessment for the South 356th Street
Roadway Improvements Project, Federal Way.
None of the surveys described in Table 1 identified any cultural resources within the proposed
Project Area. Survey # 1348206 completed several shovel test probes near The Project Area to
the south, no archaeological materials were identified in those shovel test probes.
There are no known or recorded archaeological sites in the APE. The field survey and limited
shovel testing (see Appendix C) did not produce any relevant findings. Tetra Tech did not find any
archaeological resources in those areas of the APE that were surface-inspected and tested with
shovel probes. The Washington Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation database
WISAARD identifies The Project Area as “High Risk” and “Moderate Risk” for cultural resources
in areas near North Lake, the remainder of The Project Area is identified as “Moderately low risk.”
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 4 July 2017
GLO maps available through the BLM indicate that the areas around North Lake were split into
40 acre parcels as early as 1860.
3.3 History
The project vicinity was available for the first hunter-fisher-gatherers about 15,000 years ago,
when this area was an island separated from the mainland by a marine fjord. Most likely, early
hunter-fisher-gatherer use before about 6,000 years ago was hunting, plant collecting, and use of
drainages as travel routes. Archaeological data from the region suggest that upland base camps
were located along the bluffs that overlooked Puget Sound and the Green River Valley (Suttles
and Lane 1990).
The Hylebos Creek drainage lies within the large area assigned to cultural groups that spoke
Southern Lushootseed of the Salish language family. Speakers of Southern Lushootseed (as well
as Northern Lushootseed and Twana) are referred to as the Southern Coast Salish (Suttles and
Lane 1990). The Project Area lies between the White River (now Green River) Valley to the east,
the Puyallup River to the south, and Puget Sound to the west and is within territory attributed
by ethnographers to the Puyallup (Haeberlin and Gunther 1930; Smith 1940; Spier 1936). The
study area is also near the winter villages and use areas of the Muckleshoot and Duwamish
people. The Muckleshoot had winter villages at present day Auburn and traveled through the
study area to access fishing and shellfish camps on Puget Sound. They had strong relations with
the Duwamish living in the Kent villages (who were known as the Lower White River people)
(LAAS 2000). Peoples from east of the Cascades would visit the vicinity to trade and gather
resources; their descendants are today represented by the Yakama Indian Nation (which claims
this area of Puget Sound as part of their usual and accustomed areas). The Puyallup, Muckleshoot,
and Duwamish were typical practitioners of the Puget Sound variant of the Northwest Coast
culture complex. Salmon formed the bulk of the annual diet, with varying supplements of
shellfish, land game, waterfowl, and plant resources. Most foods were dried and/or smoked over
fires or steamed over heated rocks. Preserved foods (salmon and clams) were stored for winter
use or traded with outside groups for goods and items not available in Puget Sound territory.
Technology used to exploit these resources included elaborate fish weirs, aerial duck nets, snares,
and pitfalls. The Puyallup lived in winter houses made from cedar planks attached to wooden
frames consisting of house posts and cross beams (Suttles and Lane 1990).
The Puyallup Indian Reservation was established in 1854 by the Treaty of Medicine Creek and
later executive orders (Wright 1997). The original Puyallup Indian Reservation was too small and
situated on poor lands (Wright 1997). The poor quality and location of the reservation was one
of the main reasons the Puyallup fought against the U.S. in the 1855 to 1856 Indian Wars. After
the end of the Indian Wars, the U.S. expanded the Puyallup Indian Reservation (W right 1997).
By 1868 land parcels that surround North Land had been split into individual 40 acre land parcels
(Figure 2).
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 5 July 2017
Figure 2. View of the 1868 GLO map showing The Project Area outline.
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 6 July 2017
Federal Way began as a logging settlement in the late 1880’s, one of the first sawmills in the area
began in 1890 on Steel Lake approximately 1 mile North/Northeast of The Project Area. In 1900,
Weyerhaeuser and 15 partners met in Tacoma to purchase between 800,000 and 900,000 acres of
land in Washington from the Burlington Northern/Santa Fe Railway, including land in Federal
Way (Historical Society 2003).
Figure 3. 1965 Aerial Photograph with The Project Area outline shown. Note the residential development
around the lake.
The 1950’s saw the community of Federal Way grow from a small lumber town to a metropolitan
area. In 1968, Weyerhaeuser purchased 430 acres of land for its corporate headquarters located a
short distance south of The Project Area (Figure 3), the headquarters building was opened in
April of 1971 (Historical Society 2003). The headquarters building was built into the landscape
and a pond was excavated north of the building (Figure 4).
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 7 July 2017
Figure 4. 1975 Aerial photograph with The Project Area outline shown. Construction of the Weyerhaeuser
Building to the south would have taken considerable earth moving operations.
The existing office building located on the parent parcel was constructed in 1978 (King County
Assessor), the small clearing seen in the 1975 aerial indicates that early work on the office building
complex has likely begun.
4.0 Methodology
Investigation of the archaeological resources contained within and around The Project Area lands
involved a literature search of the project area and a physical survey of the project lands. The
literature search was accomplished by reviewing Washington DAHP records and local historical
society literature and GLO maps. The literature search at the Washington DAHP website
WISAARD occurred on May 5th, 2017. Both historic structures records and archaeological site and
survey records were consulted to determine the presence or absence of known archaeological
materials in the area of the proposed project.
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 8 July 2017
Survey of the project area included pedestrian surface survey and shovel testing. Field work was
completed May 7-10, 13-16, 20-22 and June 26-28 of 2016. Surface survey consisted of transects
spaced 15 meters apart and walked in cardinal directions. Shovel test units consisted of 30 cm.
diameter probes dug to at least 50 cm. below surface level.
The report author believes the presence of lakes, ponds and streams in the region would have
provided excellent resource gathering opportunities to pre-Euro contact native peoples as well as
early Euro-settlers to the region. Three small lakes are located within 1 mile of the Project APE,
these are North Lake, Lake Geneva and Lake Killarney. Aerial photographs show that the Project
APE is located over a former residential neighborhood (Figure 3). Today the majority of the
project area is occupied by the existing office building complex with associated parking lots and
open areas (Figure 5). The project area has seen a close human presence since at least the 1950’s
and any surface or near surface features or artifacts that may have once been found in the area
have likely been removed by former residents of the area.
Based on previous archaeological surveys, known archaeological sites in the project vicinity and
known disturbances/conditions the proposed project area has a low potential for archaeological
materials including farm and homestead remains and Native American artifacts.
5.0 Inventory Results
No historic or prehistoric artifacts or features were identified during the survey of the Greenline
Business Park Property. Fifteen meter spaced transects were conducted in all areas of the project
and 52 shovel test pits were dug over the project area.
5.1 Observations
The majority of the project area is occupied by the existing office building located near the center
of the Project Area. Based on cut tree stumps and undulating ground surface conditions it would
appear that the forested portion of The Project Area has experienced at least one round of timber
harvesting. Woods in the northwest quarter of The Project Area have been planted on an even
grid as with tree farms. Numerous wetland areas were noted throughout the forested portion of
The Project Area. The forested portion of The Project Area holds numerous formal and informal
walking paths that allow access to all parts of The Project Area. An open field is located on the
southern end of The Project Area and provides a view of the Greenline Headquarters building
from the Interstate 5 corridor. The office building, parking lots, pedestrian infrastructure and
paved access roads cover a significant portion of The Project Area. Forested areas between
parking lots are sloped or contain surface water, these areas also seem to have younger trees
planted rather than the older surrounding forest. Several 3-4 foot diameters stumps were
observed within the woods surrounding the office building.
5.2 Shovel Test Probes
As previously mentioned a significant portion of The Project Area is occupied by the office
building complex and parking lots. Additionally formal and informal pathways as well is access
drives wind through the property. Shovel test probes were placed in locations most
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 9 July 2017
advantageous to identifying subsurface archaeological materials, sloping lands, areas of depleted
soils and roadways were avoided.
From Weyerhaeuser Road east to the lake the landscape slopes (great than 10%) east towards
North Lake. This area was not shovel tested due to this slope, the area closer to the lake was
significantly more level, several STP’s were completed in this area. Treed areas surrounding the
six parking lots which serve the existing office building have been intentionally planted and are
located on slopes, the number of individual parking lots appear to be a result of using the
sloping lands to the best advantage. The forested area east of the office building slops greatly
towards North Lake, similar conditions were noted on the east side of Weyerhaeuser Road.
6.0 Recommendations
Based on the results of the literature review and subsequent survey of the project area, Tetra Tech
recommends that the project be implemented as planned, provided the following standard
protections measure is adhered to:
If artifacts or unusual amounts of bone or shell are uncovered during the construction activity,
work will be stopped and a qualified archeologist will be contacted for on-site consultation.
With compliance to this protection measure, Tetra Tech believes the Greenline Business Park
project will have no effect on any cultural resource property listed on, or eligible for nomination
to, the National Register of Historic Places.
Greenline Property Cultural Resource Survey 10 July 2017
7.0 Bibliography
Historical Society
2017 The Historical Society of Federal Way home page. http://federalwayhistory.org/ Accessed July
2017.
King County Assessor
2017 King County Assessor home page. http://kingcounty.gov/depts/assessor.aspx Accessed July 2017.
Spier, L.
1936 Tribal Distribution in Washington. General Series in Anthropology 3. Menasha, Wisconsin.
Stein, Alan
2001 White River Valley (King County). HistoryLink Website. Accessed 5/19/2016. Website:
http://www.historylink.org/index.cfm?DisplayPage=output.cfm&file_id=3583
Suttles, Wayne and Barbara Lane
1990 Southern Coast Salish. In Handbook of North American Indians Vol. 7, edited by Wayne Suttles,
pp. 485-502. Smithsonian Institution, Washington.
Wright, J.
1997 History of the Puyallup Tribe of Indians. The Puyallup Tribe of Indians, Tacoma, Washington
Van Lierop Property Cultural Resource Survey May 2016
Appendix A
Project Maps
Van Lierop Property Cultural Resource Survey A-1 May 2016
Figure 5 Shovel Test Probe Locations
Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey July 2017
Appendix B
Project Photographs
Photo 1. View of gravel walking path which travels through the project area.
Photo 2. View of the open field in the southwest quarter of the project area.
Photo 2. View of the open field in the southwest quarter of the project area, Interstate 5 is seen in the
background.
Photo 3. View of the woods in the northern portion of the Project Area.
Photo 4. One of many cut stumps observed throughout the Project Area.
Photo 5. Trees planted in rows in the north/central portion of the Project Area.
Photo 6. One of a few gravel road segments which travel through the Project Area.
Photo 6. One of a few gravel road segments which travel through the Project Area. Road cuts were
inspected for cultural resources.
Photo 7. Maintained gravel roads provided exposed soils easy to observe.
Photo 8. The western extent of the office building.
Photo 9. Facing south towards one of the entrances to the office building located on the project area.
Photo 10. View of the northern extent of North Lake.
Photo 11. This slope lead down to North Lake from Weyerhauser Road.
Photo 12. One of several toppled tree stumps which were observed for archaeological materials.
Photo 13. View of utility pole found in the northern portion of the Project Area near the former
residential properties located in this area.
Photo 14. Facing southeast across North Lake.
Photo 15. Typical shoreline of North Lake within the Project Area.
Photo 16. View of a former paved road traveling along the west side of North Lake.
Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey July 2017
Appendix C
Shovel Test Probe Data
Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey July 2017
STP
#
STP
Depth
Soil Description Materials Found/Notes
1 50 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels
Open field
2 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field, lands undulate
3 55 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
4 57 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
5 55 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
6 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
7 57 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
8 50 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
9 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
10 55 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
11 57 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field, the field
undulates greatly in spots,
could be related to
Weyerhaeuser building
development.
12 50 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
13 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
14 56 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
15 55 cm. Brown clayey loam, 10% sub angular gravels, brown clay loam 20%
sub angular gravels Open field
16 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
17 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
18 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
19 50 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
20 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are
planted in straight lines
21 50 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are
planted in straight lines
22 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are
planted in straight lines
23 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are
planted in straight lines
24 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
25 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
26 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
27 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
28 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
Greenline Business Park Property Cultural Resource Survey July 2017
29 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
30 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
31 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
32 50 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
33 50 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
34 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are
planted in straight lines
35 55 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, trees are
planted in straight lines
36 57 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, cut stumps and
push pile and/or tree
harvesting activities
37 56 cm. Brown silty loam/less than 5% pebbles/gravel with a gradual
transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, cut stumps and
push pile and/or tree
harvesting activities
38 55 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
39 57 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
40 55 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
41 56 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
42 56 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area
43 57 cm. Brown silty loam with a gradual transition to light brown loamy clay. Forest Area, steep slope
from paved road heading
east
44 50 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, area level
although forest to the west
comes down at a steep slope.
45 56 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area
46 55 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area
47 50 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area
48 56 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, wetlands
49 55 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, wetlands
50 56 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, wetlands
51 55 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area
52 57 cm. Brown loam with a sharp change to greyish brown silty clay. Forest Area, partially paved
road begins and turns to the
west at this point.