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2024 04 April 17 Planning Commission PacketPLANNING COMMISSION REGULAR MEETING AGENDA City Hall – Council Chambers April 17, 2024 – 5:00 p.m. 1.CALL MEETING TO ORDER 2.ROLL CALL 3.APPROVAL OF MINUTES Planning Commission Meeting Minutes of April 3, 2024 4.PUBLIC COMMENT None scheduled 5.COMMISSION BUSINESS a.Land Use, Capital Facilities and Utilities Chapter Pre-Hearing Briefing 6.STAFF BUSINESS Manager’s Report 7.NEXT MEETING May 1, 2024 5:00pm – Regular Meeting 8.ADJOURNMENT Planning Commission meetings are held in-person. To request accommodation to attend or to provide public comment virtually, please contact Samantha Homan at 253-835-2601 or samantha.homan@cityoffederalway.com, no later than 5:00 p.m. on April 16, 2024. Commissioners City Staff Tom Medhurst, Chair Keith Niven, Community Development Director Vickie Chynoweth, Vice Chair Samantha Homan, Office Manager Diana Noble-Gulliford www.cityoffederalway.com Lawson Bronson Tim O’Neil Anna Patrick Jae So 1 of 219 PLANNING COMMISSION Meeting Agenda Table of Contents City Hall – Council Chambers April 17, 2024 – 5:00 p.m. 1.Planning Commission Minutes April 3, 2024… page 3 2.Commission Business Item A: Land Use, Utilities, and Capital Facilities Chapter Pre- Hearing Briefing a.Land Use i.Staff Memo… page 5 ii.Chapter (redline)… page 15 iii.Chapter (clean)… page 63 b.Capital Facilities i.Staff Memo… page 81 ii.Chapter (redline)… page 85 iii.Chapter (clean)… page 149 c.Utilities i.Staff Memo … page 180 ii.Chapter (redline) …page 184 iii.Chapter (clean) … page 205 2 of 219 PLANNING COMMISSION REGULAR MEETING AGENDA City Hall – Council Chambers April 3, 2024 – 5:00 p.m. 1. CALL MEETING TO ORDER Chair Medhurst called the meeting to order at 5:01pm 2. ROLL CALL Commissioners Present: Tom Medhurst, Anna Patrick, Diana Noble-Gulliford, Vickie Chynoweth, Lawson Bronson Excused: Jae So, Tim O’Neil City Staff Present: Community Development Director Keith Niven, Planning Manager Jonathan Thole, Economic Development Director Tanja Carter, Community Services Manager Sarah Bridgeford, Senior Planner Chaney Skadsen, City Attorney Kent Van Alstyne, Office Manager Samantha Homan 3. APPROVAL OF MINUTES Commissioner Patrick moved to approve the March 20, 2024 minutes as written Second by Commissioner Bronson Motion Passes 5-0. 4. PUBLIC COMMENT None scheduled 5. COMMISSION BUSINESS a. Responses to Questions Raised on Briefing #1 Community Development Director Keith Niven created a memorandum for the questions raised during the last Planning Commission meeting regarding Natural Environment Chapter. Concerns about WRIA 10 still arose, Public Works will be invited to a future Planning Commission meeting to discuss further. b. Community Services, Arts, Culture and Historic Preservation, and Economic Development Chapter Pre-Hearing Briefing Community Services Chapter: Community Services Manager Sarah Bridgeford presented on the new Community Services Chapter. The chapter is not required by the Growth Management Act (GMA) but considered essential in planning for human and social infrastructure of the City. The intention of the chapter is to provide a consistent, clear, and actionable framework to guide the City’s diversity, equity, access, and inclusion work as well as social services strategies and investments. The chapter format includes a new introduction and vision statement, Diversity, Equity, Access, and Inclusion section, Social Services and Grantmaking section, Goals and Policies section, and several charts. Questions regarding several charts in the chapter were addressed. Arts, Culture and Historic Preservation Chapter: Senior Planner Chaney Skadsen presented on the new Arts, Culture, and Historic Preservation Chapter. The chapter is not required by the GMA, but the topics were deemed essential when planning for the future 3 of 219 of the City. The intention of the chapter is to provide a consistent, clear, and actionable framework to guide the City’s planning, programming, and policy direction related to arts, culture, and historic preservation for the future. The chapter format includes a new introduction and vision statement, Background- Historical Context section, Historic Preservation section, Cultural Resources and Identity section, Arts in Federal Way section, and Goals and Policies section. Questions regarding tribal coordination and Arts Commissions were addressed. Economic Development Chapter: Economic Development Director Tanja Carter presented on the updated Economic Development Chapter. The focus on this chapter was to provide a vision for the City and give framework to guide planning, programming, and policy direction related to business and economic development. Chapter format is as follows, Introduction and Vision section, Employment Section, Business Retention and Expansion section, Business Attraction section, Economic Gardening section, Placemaking and Sister City Coordination section, Tourism section, and Goals and Policies. 6. STAFF BUSINESS Manager’s Report Planning Manager Jonathan Thole announced that the OneTrent Development Agreement and Tax Increment Area passed 1st reading at the last City Council Meeting. A new Commissioner for the Historic Preservation Commission has been chosen. At last LUTC meeting, a presentation was made regarding Recreational Vehicles, code updates may be coming soon regarding this topic. 7. NEXT MEETING April 17, 2024 5:00pm – Regular Meeting 8. ADJOURNMENT Commissioner Bronson moved to adjourn the meeting Second by Commissioner Chynoweth Motion Passes 5-0 Meeting adjourned at 7:03pm ATTEST: APPROVED BY COMMISSION: _______________________________________ _____________ SAMANTHA HOMAN, OFFICE MANAGER DATE 4 of 219 Staff Report DATE: April 10, 2024 TO: Federal Way Planning Commission FROM: Keith Niven, AICP, CEcD Community Development Director SUBJECT: Briefing – Land Use Comprehensive Plan Chapter BACKGROUND Staff’s approach to updating the Land Use Chapter focused on: 1. Updating data 2. Simplifying the land use designations 3. Pulling in Potential Annexation Area goals and policies. 4. Removing the Zoning Map from the Comprehensive Plan. CHAPTER FORMAT (and proposed edits) 2015 CHAPTER TWO LAND USE INTRODUCTION The text was updated and a new Vision statement was added to be consistent with other chapters. POLICY BACKGROUND The relationship of the City’s Comprehensive Plan to the Countywide policies and its compliance with GMA is covered in the Introduction chapter. It does not need to be repeated in this chapter. This section was deleted. THE LAND USE CONCEPT This Section included land use by area which has been moved to the Introduction & Vision Section. The following diagram: 33325 8th Avenue South Federal Way, WA 98003-6325 253-835-7000 www.cityoffederalway.com Jim Ferrell, Mayor 5 of 219 LU - 2 illustrates transforming 336th into a new mixed-use City Center. Since this area will be dominated by Sound Transit’s new Operation and Maintenance Facility, this diagram was deleted. PROJECTED GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT CAPACITY Text was updated and incorporated into the Introduction Section. URBAN DESIGN AND FORM In reviewing the text, goal, and 3 policies contained in this Section, it was staff’s opinion that the Land Use Chapter was not a place to discuss design aesthetics. This Chapter has been rewritten to focus on meeting GMA requirements and providing goals and policies to help inform predictability regarding zoning and land uses. DEVELOPMENT REVIEW PROCESS The goals and policies were retained, but the Section text was removed. CITYWIDE POLICIES The Goals and Policies were consolidated into a 1 Section similar to other chapters. LAND USE DESIGNATIONS This Section was rewritten to be significantly simpler (see Table below). The existing Comprehensive Plan & Map have 14 designations. The proposal is to collapse the designations to 5. This action will allow for more requests for rezoning property without necessitating a Comprehensive Plan amendment. Existing Designation Proposed Designation Single Family Low Density Residential 1 Single Family Medium Density Residential 1 Single Family High Density Residential 1 MultiFamily Residential 2 Commercial Enterprise Commercial Commercial Business Mixed Use Non-Centers Neighborhood Business Commercial Commercial Recreation Commercial Professional Office Commercial Office Park Commercial Corporate Park Commercial City Center Core Mixed Use - Centers City Center Frame Mixed Use - Centers Other than the simplification of designations, there are proposed to be 2 areas that will be changed. They are described and illustrated below: 5 Designations 6 of 219 LU - 3 1. Christian Faith Center – Since the Christian Faith Center (33645 20th Avenue S) has been determined to become the Southern Operation and Maintenance Facility for Sound Transit, it is proposed the Land Use change from to Commercial. The corresponding zoning would change from RM3600 to CE. Existing Proposed 2. South Station TOD Area – included in the South Station Sub-Area Plan is a vision for re-designating a portion of the area as appropriate for mid-rise, mixed-use development. This will necessitate a change from Commercial Enterprise to Mixed Use – Centers. It would also require a rezone from CE to Centers. Existing Proposed HEALTHY FOOD ACCESS: URBAN AGRICULTURE Prior to the last periodic update (2015), the City received a grant from the CDC to prepare the sub-area plan for Twin Lakes. As written in that plan “One purpose of the grant is for local governments to adopt policies that increase physical activity and improve nutritional opportunities. Zoning and capital improvement policies can affect physical activity and healthy food options.” It was this focus of 7 of 219 LU - 4 Planning efforts in Federal Way that led to providing a section in Land Use on food accessibility. Although still important and specifically addressed in the Community Services Chapter, it does not warrant its own Section in the Land Use Chapter. ESSENTIAL PUBLIC FACILITIES The City has adopted code (FWRC 19.05.020) to address essential public facilities. The Comprehensive Plan does not need a section relating to our requirement under GMA to address Essential Public Facilities. This Section was deleted. PHASING This Section identified the advantages of phasing and targeting capital investments. Capital investments are driven by a number of factors including available capital, Level of Service needs, etc. The variables that lead to the funding of a particular piece of capital infrastructure are difficult to list in a document as broad as the City’s Comprehensive Plan. Given the lack of direction, this Section was deleted. INCENTIVES This Section identifies the City’s MFTE program. There were 2 policies – 1 directed at residential and 1 directed at commercial. The City is currently not looking to provide new incentives outside of the Centers. If there are incentives relevant to either the City Center or the South Station area, they should be listed in Chapter 7 (Centers). This Section was deleted. HISTORIC RESOURCES This Section was relocated to the Arts, Culture & Historic Preservation Chapter. IMPLEMENTATION This Section was deleted as there will be a new Implementation appendix included as part of the Comprehensive Plan. Planning staff anticipate briefing the Planning Commission on an implementation appendix at the June 5 Planning Commission meeting. That appendix will include actions for implementing policies in all Comprehensive Plan chapters. NEW SECTION – POTENTIAL ANNEXATION AREAS A decision was made to remove 2015 Chapter 8 Potential Annexation Areas from the Comprehensive Plan. Although the Chapter contains 7 pages of goals and policies, the information contained in the Chapter was prepared in 2003 for a 2007 proposal for annexation. That effort was rejected by voters and there has been little effort committed to keeping this Chapter current. A decision was made to incorporate a new goal and policies into this Chapter, recognizing prior to any future efforts to annex any or all of the PAAs, the technical information will need to be made current. GOALS AND POLICIES SUMMARY LUG PAA 1 Respect the character, integrity, and unique qualities of PAA neighborhoods through the annexation process. LUP PAA 1.1 The city zoning designations for annexed properties should consider existing King County zoning designations and PAA growth targets; providing a variety of housing types; and, other city Goals and Policies of this Comprehensive Plan as part of the annexation process. LUP PAA 1.2 Seek to expand the area of annexation proposals when such an expansion would serve to make city boundaries more regular or where the area to be served is a logical extension of city service capabilities and is within a defined potential annexation area. LUP PAA 1.3 Encourage neighborhood retail and personal services to locate at appropriate locations where local economic demand and design solutions demonstrate compatibility with nearby neighborhoods. 8 of 219 LU - 5 LUG PAA 2 The city shall work with King County to strategically annex identified Potential Annexation Areas. LUP PAA 2.1 Prior to initiation of an annexation, an updated inventory shall be conducted to understand zoning, existing uses, and infrastructure conditions of the area under consideration. LUP PAA 2.2 The city shall be responsive to requests for annexation. LUP PAA 2.3 Ensure the ability of the annexation area or King County to pay the determined fair share of required services prior to annexation. LUG1 Create an attractive, welcoming and functional built environment. LUG 1 Support a land use framework and regulations that implement the goals of the Growth Management Act; are responsive to changes in state statutes; support VISION 2050 Regional Growth Strategy and King County Countywide Planning Policies; include policies addressing environmental justice; and, provides sufficient actions to accomplish the goals and policies contained in this plan. LUP 1.1 Strongly discourage the spread of commercial zoning and uses into residentially- designated areas. Instead, strongly encourage the more intensive utilization of existing commercial and mixed-use areas for commercial purposes, mixed-residential use, and public activities. LUP 1.2 Discourage speculative rezoning and require applicants provide market-based data and analyses to support rezoning requests. LUP 1.3 Foster a diverse community comprised of neighborhoods that provide a range of housing options; a vibrant City Center; well designed and functioning mixed-use, commercial and office areas; and distinctive neighborhood retail areas. LUP 1.4 The FWRC shall include a process and standards for siting essential public facilities. LUP 1.5 Land Use decisions shall not exacerbate environmental health disparities. LUP 1.6 Track progress toward increasing health equity and ensuring environmental justice throughout the city. LUP1 Use development standards and design guidelines to maintain neighborhood character and ensure compatibility with surrounding uses. LUP2 Use zoning regulations to achieve a greater range of housing options in multi-family designations. LUP3 Use design guidelines and performance standards to create attractive and desirable commercial, office and commercial/residential mixed-use developments. LUG 2 Develop an efficient, predictable, transparent, fair and timely development review process based on a public/private partnership. LUP 2.1 Maximize efficiency and predictability of the development review process and conduct regular reviews of development regulations to determine how to improve upon the permit review process. LUP5 2.2 Assist developers with proposals by continuing to offer preapplication meetings in order to produce projects that will be reviewed efficiently. LUP6 Conduct regular reviews of development regulations to determine how to improve upon the permit review process. LUP7 2.3 Integrate and coordinate construction of public infrastructure with private development to minimize costs wherever possible. LUP 2.4 Look to incorporate new technologies to improve permit processing times. LUP 2.5 Ensure noticing of land use decisions is inclusive and accessible to all members of the community. LUP 2.6 Consider and minimize potential impacts due to displacement resulting from land use decisions. LUG 3 Periodically update the city inventory of buildable land capacity and evaluate development activity and achieved densities to ensure that the city is able to meet its regionally-adopted housing and employment targets over the next 20 years as well as the criteria for the city’s Centers. 9 of 219 LU - 6 LUP 8 3.1 Designate and zone land to provide for Federal Way’s share of regionally adopted demand forecasts for residential, commercial, and industrial uses for the next 20 years. LUP 9 Support a diverse community comprised of neighborhoods that provide a range of housing options; a vibrant City Center; well designed and functioning mixed-use, commercial and office areas; and distinctive neighborhood retail areas. LUP 3.2 Accommodate a majority of the city’s growth in the Regional Growth Center and Countywide Center. LUP 3.3 Evaluate household and employment inventory and forecasts on a periodic basis to ensure that land use policies and regulations based on previous assumptions remain relevant. LUP 10 Support the continuation of a strong residential community. LUP 11 Evaluate household and employment forecasts on a periodic basis to ensure that land use policies based on previous assumptions are current. LUP 12 Distribute park, urban agricultural sites, and recreational opportunities equitably throughout the City. LUG 34 Preserve and protect Federal Way’s single-family neighborhoods. LUG3.1 Provide a wide range of housing densities and types in the single-family designated areas. LUP 134.1 Maintain and protect the character of existing single-family neighborhoods through strict enforcement of the City’s land use regulations. LUP 4.2 Support the continuation of a strong residential community. LUP 14 4.3 Protect residential areas from impacts of adjacent non-residential uses. LUP 15 Revise existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new single-family developments and in-fill. LUP 16 Encourage the development of transportation routes and facilities to serve single-family neighborhoods. Special attention should be given to pedestrian circulation. LUP 17 Encourage the development of parks and the preservation of open space in and adjacent to residential areas to provide adequate recreational opportunities and preserve the natural setting of Federal Way. LUP 18 Continue to consider special development techniques (e.g., lot size averaging, cottage housing, accessory dwelling units, townhomes, duplexes, and planned unit developments) in single-family areas provided they result in residential development consistent with the quality and character of existing neighborhoods. LUP 19 Preserve site characteristics that enhance residential development (trees, water-courses, vistas, and similar features) using site planning techniques such as clustering, planned unit developments, and lot size averaging. LUG 4 Provide a wide complete range of housing typesland uses and densities commensurate with market demand, adopted housing targets, and the community’s needs and preferencesto ensure the community achieves the diversity needed to be a vibrant community.. LUP 204.1 Allow and encourage a variety of multi-family housing types in designated commercial areas, especially in the City Center Core and City Center Frame areas. LUP 21 Support multi-family development with transportation and capital facilities improvements. LUP 22 Multi-family residential development should be designed to provide privacy and common open space. Variations in facades and rooflines should be used to add character and interest to multiple-family developments. LUP 23 Encourage the establishment of street patterns and amenities that encourage walking, bicycling, and transit use. LUP 244.2 Provide employment and business opportunities by allocating adequate land for commercial, office, and industrial development. LUP 4.3 Distribute park, urban agricultural sites, and recreational opportunities equitably throughout the City. 10 of 219 LU - 7 LUP 4.4 Establish development regulations that allow for healthy food resources, such as urban agriculture and food banks as a permitted use and provide for on-site sale and delivery of healthy foods, on public and private property, where appropriate. LUP 4.5 Continue to consider special development techniques (e.g., lot size averaging, cottage housing, accessory dwelling units, townhomes, duplexes, and planned unit developments) in single-family areas provided they result in residential development consistent with the quality and character of existing neighborhoods. LUP 25 Encourage development of regional uses in the City Center. LUP 26 Provide for a mix of commercial and residential uses in most commercial areas LUP 27 Use design and performance standards to integrate multi-family development into commercial developments as commercial/ residential mixed-use development. Performance standards should focus on scale, appearance, and compatibility. LUP 28 Use Community Design Guidelines to promote common open space, public art, and plazas in commercial/residential mixed-use, and office developments. LUP 29 Ensure compatibility between non-residential developments and residential zones by regulating height, scale, setbacks, and buffers. LUP 30 Use Community Design Guidelines to encourage quality design and pedestrian and vehicle circulation in office, commercial, and industrial developments. LUP 31 Use Community Design Guidelines to encourage commercial development to locate along street edge (where deemed appropriate) to provide pedestrian street access and interest. Provide pedestrian access between developments and to transit stations. LUP 32 Consider adopting Form-based codes as a tool to create a predictable public realm and appropriate form and scale for new development and redevelopment. LUP33 Identify and designate streets where on-street parking can be safely provided without unduly slowing traffic flow or jeopardizing traffic safety. LUP34 Provide developer incentives for inclusion of housing in commercial projects at appropriate locations. LUG 5 Develop a quality commercial enterprise environmentareas characterized by a viable, vibrant, and attractive mix of commercial, retail, office, industrial, and supportive uses and utilize locational and design criteria to ensure compatibility between uses. LUP35 Allow a broad range of commercial, retail, office, industrial, and supportive uses to meet the needs of workers and consumers, in well integrated, well-functioning, high quality developments. LUP36LUP 5.1 Require commercial development to be compatible and well integrated into its surroundings and adjacent zones through site and building design and development standards that reduce or eliminate land use conflicts and nuisance impacts; ensure project aesthetics; promote sharing of public facilities and services; and improve vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow and safety, including access control and off-street interconnectivity between adjoining properties where feasible. LUP37 Allow general and specialty retail uses that serve the needs of people employed or residing in the local area, as well as “destination” retail and wholesale businesses that may serve a broader consumer base vis-à-vis the area’s convenient access to Interstate 5 and Highway 18 LUP 385.2 Do not allowConsider minimizing impacts from traffic flows, loading bays and outdoor storage for heavy industrial uses during the site plan review process on properties that adjoin residential zones. LUG6 Transform Community Business areas into vital, attractive, areas with a mix of uses that appeal to pedestrians, motorists, and residents, and enhance the community’s image. LUP 39 Encourage transformation of the Pacific Highway (SR-99) Community Business corridors into quality retail/commercial mixed use areas, designed to integrate auto, pedestrian, and transit circulation, and to improve traffic flow and safety, including access control and off-street interconnectivity between adjoining properties where feasible. Continue to utilize Community Design Guidelines to ensure quality site and 11 of 219 LU - 8 building design and functional and aesthetic compatibility between uses. Integration of pedestrian amenities and open space into retail and office development should also be encouraged. LUP 40 Encourage a range of pedestrian-oriented retail, while continuing to accommodate auto- oriented retail uses, and provide supportive uses to meet the needs of residents and employees in the area. LUG7 Provide neighborhood and community scale retail centers for the City’s neighborhoods. LUP 41 Integrate retail developments into surrounding neighborhoods through attention to quality design and function. LUP 42 Encourage pedestrian and bicycle access to neighborhood shopping and services. LUP 43 Encourage neighborhood retail and personal services to locate at appropriate locations where local economic demand and design solutions demonstrate compatibility with the neighborhood. LUP 44 Retail and personal services should be encouraged to group together within planned centers to allow for ease of pedestrian movement. LUP 45 Neighborhood Business centers should consist of neighborhood scale retail and personal services. LUP 46 Encourage commercial/residential mixed-use development in Neighborhood Business designations. LUP 47 Support the provision of transit to Neighborhood Business areas. LUP 48 In designating new or expanding existing Neighborhood Business centers, the adjacent zoning and land use shall be carefully considered. New Neighborhood Business centers are most appropriately located adjacent to multi- family and high-density single-family residential areas. LUG 86 Create office and corporate park development that is known regionally, nationally, and internationally for its design and function.Provide land use regulations that allow for the flexibility and creativity of good design and the incorporation of sound planning principles. LUG 6.1 Work collaboratively to evaluate and realize the potential of the (former) Weyerhaeuser properties in East Campus.Use Community Design Guidelines and other tools to promote common open space, public art, and plazas in commercial/residential mixed-use, and office developments. LUP 6.2 In the East Campus Corporate Park area, encourage quality development that will complement existing uses and take advantage of good access to I-5, Highway 18 and future light rail as well as proximity to the City Center. Use Community Design Guidelines and other tools to require commercial development to locate along the street edge (where deemed appropriate) and to provide pedestrian street access and interest. Provide direct pedestrian access and, attempt to meet ADA requirements, between developments and transit routes. LUP 6.3 Use development standards and design guidelines to maintain neighborhood character and ensure compatibility with surrounding uses.LUG 10 Provide access to healthy food resources for all residents through opportunities for urban agricultural activities, such as farmers markets, farmstands, community supported agriculture (CSA)1 drop-off sites, community gardens, pea patches, school gardens, home gardens, and urban farms. LUP 6.4 Use design guidelines and performance standards to create attractive and desirable commercial, office and commercial/residential mixed-use developments. LUP 6.5 Regularly audit existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new developments. 1 Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a food production and distribution system that directly connects farmers and consumers. Consumers buy “shares” in a farm’s harvest in advance. The term “CSA” is also used to refer to an individual farm’s CSA program. 12 of 219 LU - 9 LUP 6.6 Use design and performance standards to integrate multi-family development into commercial developments as commercial/ residential mixed-use development. Performance standards should focus on scale, appearance, and compatibility. LUP 6.7 Revise existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new single-family developments and in-fill. LUP 6.8 Consider incorporation of ICC Wildland Urban Interface Code. LUP 6.9 Allow general and specialty retail uses that serve the needs of people employed or residing in the local area, as well as “destination” retail and wholesale businesses that may serve a broader consumer base vis-à-vis the area’s convenient access to Interstate 5 and Highway 18. LUP 50 Establish development regulations that allow for healthy food resources, such as urban agriculture and food banks as a permitted use and provide for on-site sale and delivery of healthy foods, on public and private property, where appropriate. LUG 11 Encourage and support farmers’ market opportunities that are accessible to all residents. LUP 51 Establish development regulations that allow for farmers markets as a permitted use on public and private property, where appropriate. LUP 52 Encourage farmers market to accept public benefits such as food stamp electronic benefit cards, senior farmer market vouchers, and Women, Infant, Children (WIC) benefits. LUP 53 Coordinate with local and regional organizations to promote local farmers markets. LUG 12 Promote urban agriculture activities through existing and new programming and partnerships. LUP 54 Encourage and support the use of public lands for urban agricultural activities by establishing criteria for assessing suitable sites. LUP 55 Where appropriate, support joint-use agreements for publicly or privately owned sites for uses such as urban farms, community gardens, and pea patches. LUP 56 Consider development incentives, grants, and other funding sources to support development of urban agriculture sites and programming. LUG13 Ensure the City complies with legal mandates to allow the siting of Essential Public Facilities. LUP59 The FWRC shall include a process for siting essential public facilities. LUP60 Establish priority areas for public facility and service improvements, especially for transportation based on an adopted Capital Facilities Plan (CFP) and Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). Priority areas should be located where public facility and service improvements would effectively advance Federal Way’s growth vision. Priority areas will shift over time as improvements are installed and an acceptable level of service is attained. LUP61 When and where service deficiencies are identified, the City, along with service providers, will develop capital improvement programs to remedy identified deficiencies in a timely fashion or will phase growth until such programs can be completed. LUP62 Work with King County through an interlocal agreement to assign phasing to the City’s PAA. LUP 63 Develop incentives to encourage desired development in commercial areas, especially in the City Center Core and Frame. LUP 64 Consider incentives for desired types of multi-family residential development (townhouses, duplexes, etc.). LUG 14 Use historic resources as an important element in the overall design of the City. LUP 65 Identify vista points and historic buildings for preservation. LUP 66 Develop a process to designate historic landmark sites and structures. Use developer incentives or other mechanisms to ensure that these sites and structures will continue to be a part of the community. 13 of 219 LU - 10 LUP 67 Recognize the heritage of the community by continuing to name (or rename) parks, streets, and other public places after major figures and/or events. LUP 68 Zoning should be compatible with and conducive to continued preservation of historic neighborhoods and properties. LUP 69 Safeguard and manifest Federal Way’s heritage by preserving those sites, buildings, structures, and objects which reflect significant elements of the City’s history. LUP 70 Work with the Historical Society of Federal Way to come up with a methodology to catalog historic sites using the City’s geographic information system. LUP 71 Undertake an effort to publicly commemorate historic sites. LUP 72 The City shall continue to work with the Historical Society of Federal Way towards attainment of historic resource policies. LUG 7 Coordinate with local and regional partners in land use planning. LUP 7.1 Coordinate with adjacent jurisdictions, the tribes, and affected agencies to ensure local land use decisions are considered beyond the city’s boundaries. LUP 7.2 Coordinate with local and regional organizations to promote local farmers markets. ATTACHMENTS 1. Draft Land Use Chapter (Redline & Clean) 14 of 219 CHAPTER TWO LAND USE 2.0 INTRODUCTION & VISION _________________________________ 1 2.1 POLICY BACKGROUNDLAND USE DESIGNATION ___________ 4 Growth Management Act ________________________________________ 8 VISION 2040 ___________________________________________________ 8 Countywide Planning Policies ___________________________________ 9 2.2 THE LAND USE CONCEPTPOTENTIAL ANNEXATION AREAS _ 9 2.3 PROJECTED GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT CAPACITYGOALS & POLICIES _____________________________________________________ 14 Projected Growth ______________________________________________ 14 Development Capacity and Targets ______________________________ 15 2.4 URBAN DESIGN AND FORMMAPS _________________________ 15 2.5 DEVELOPMENT REVIEW PROCESS ________________________ 23 2.6 CITYWIDE POLICIES ______________________________________ 23 2.7 LAND USE DESIGNATIONS ________________________________ 24 Residential Areas ______________________________________________ 24 Commercial Designations ______________________________________ 28 Office ________________________________________________________ 33 City Center ___________________________________________________ 34 2.8 HEALTHY FOOD ACCESS: URBAN AGRICULTURE __________ 34 Purpose ______________________________________________________ 34 2.9 ESSENTIAL PUBLIC FACILITIES ___________________________ 36 2.10 PHASING _________________________________________________ 37 2.11 INCENTIVES ______________________________________________ 37 2.12 HISTORIC RESOURCES ___________________________________ 38 2.13 IMPLEMENTATION _______________________________________ 39 Subarea Plans _________________________________________________ 39 Incentives ____________________________________________________ 39 15 of 219 Capital Facility Investment _____________________________________ 39 Maps Map II-1 – Comprehensive Plan Designations Map II-2 – Zoning Designations Map II-3 – Generalized Existing Land Use Commented [TW1]: PAGES NEED TO BE RENUMBERED 16 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-1 2.0 INTRODUCTION & VISION The Land Use Chapter establishes the framework for the City's expected growth and provides a guide for the distribution, type, and intensity of various uses of land within Federal Way. The Land Use Cchapter (maps, goals and policies) serves as the foundation of the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan (FWCP) by providing a framework for Federal Way’s future development and by setting forth policy direction for Federal Way’s current and future land uses.a guide to future decision making relating to property investments, land development, public services, and the provision of public infrastructure. Vision One of the primary functions of tThe City’s Comprehensive Plan is to anticipates, guides, and plans for growth in a way that helps the City achieve its vision for the future while satisfying the requirements of the Washington Growth Management Act (see discussion in the Introduction Chapter). Land use planning helps protects environmentally-sensitive lands and maintains the character of established neighborhoods while allowing the City to evolve to meet the changing needs of the community and the region. The Land Use Chapter ensures an appropriate mix of land uses (Figure LU-1) are available to:  support the City’s County-allocated growth targets;  achieve the City’s economic goals;  protect environmentally-sensitive lands;  provide appropriate land for recreation and services to residents and businesses; and,  provides choices for where to live. As Federal Way ages it will continue to grow, adding new housing units and employees. As the City plans for meeting its housing and employment targets, much of the growth will be focused in denser, mixed-use neighborhoods like City Center, Downtown, and the South Station subarea. The City’s land use vision for the next planning cycle (2024-2044) is responsive to the reality that the City has sought designations for a Regional Growth Center and a Countywide Center and those areas come with an expectation for minimum development densities (residential) and intensities (commercial) of uses. In addition, the City’s vision must adapt given recent legislation (HB 1220 and 1110) from Olympia for including permanent supportive housing and emergency shelters and densifying existing and planned single-family neighborhoods. As Federal Way grows and makes accommodations for growth in certain parts of the cCity (as identified above), Federal Way was founded on the strength of its existing neighborhoods and balancing the stability of those assets with the requirements for densification into the future is a primary part of the Land Use Vision for the City. From time to time, Federal Way may consider minor adjustments to land use designations and regulations to encourage minor amounts of small-scale infill redevelopment in existing residential neighborhoods, such as cottage housing, accessory dwelling units, infill dwellings, and limited neighborhood-serving retail, but major changes to stable neighborhoods would be inconsistent with the vision of this plan. The following Table (Figure LU-1) provides the current zoning allocation through the 17 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-2 City. In addition, it provides the amount of capacity for growth and development/redevelopment under current zones. Figure LU-1 (Land Use Allocation) Designation # acres % Commercial 1,334.05 11.05 Low Density Residential 7,308.67 60.6 Medium Density Residential 1,309.90 10.9 Mixed Use 634.92 5.3 Open Space, Parks & Recreation 1,094.38 9.1 Regional Growth Center 175.76 1.5 Undesignated 212.13 1.8 TOTAL 12,069.8 100% ZONING DENSITY (Units per Acre) FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) Existing Available Capacity # acres Min Density Max. Density Min FAR Max FAR Residential Suburban Estates N/A 0.2 N/A RS 35.0 N/A 0.8 N/A RS15.0 N/A 2.9 N/A RS 9.6 N/A 4.5 N/A RS 7.2 N/A 6.1 N/A RS 5.0 N/A 8.7 N/A Multi-family RM 3600 N/A 12.1 N/A RM 2400 N/A 18.2 N/A RM1800 N/A 24.2 N/A Commercial CC-C 46 230 1.5 10 18 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-3 CC-F N/A 100 (estimated) N/A 0.9 (estimated) BC N/A 65 (estimated) N/A 0.9 (estimated) BN N/A 40 (estimated) N/A 0.5 (estimated) Office OP N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) PO N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) CP-1 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) OP-1 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) OP-2 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) OP-3 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) Industrial CE N/A N/A N/A 0.9 (estimated) Although the Land Use designations are applied citywide, there are subareas within the city that have been the recipients of special planning efforts. The purpose of these subarea plans (Map LU-1) is to take a more-detailed look at a particular part of the city and to provide area-specific goals and policies and implementation strategies. (Map LU-1) – Special Planning Areas To learn more about these special planning areas, refer to Chapter 7 (Centers) of the Comprehensive Plan. Information about Twin Lakes can be found by contacting the Planning division of the Community Development department. Development of land, according to adopted policies and land use designations discussed Commented [KN2]: Requires update 19 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-4 in this chapter, should result in an appropriate balance of services, employment, and housing. The land use policies are supplemented by a Comprehensive Plan Designations Map (Map II-1) and Zoning Map (Map II-2) that provide a visual illustration of the proposed physical distribution and location of various land uses. This map allocates a supply of land for such uses as retail services, employment, parks, open space, and housing to meet future demand. Source: City of Federal Way 2.1 POLICY BACKGROUNDLAND USE DESIGNATIONS The land use designations recognize the relationships between broad patterns of land uses. The designations set forth locational criteria for each specific class of uses consistent with the long-term objectives of the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan. These designations provide the purpose and intent for corresponding and consistent zoning districts (Table LU-1). The location of comprehensive plan land use designations are shown on the Comprehensive Plan Designations Map (Map II-2). Table LU-1 Land Use Designation – Zoning Correlation Zones Residential 1 Residential 2 Commercial Mixed Use – Non Centers Mixed Use - Centers Open space, Parks & Rec SE RS 35 RS 15 RS 9.6 RS 7.2 RS 5.0 RM 3600 RM 2400 20 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-5 RM 1800 CE PO OP OP(1-4) CP-1 BN BC CC-F CC-C Residential 1 This designation is the predominant land use category in the cCity. Residential 1 areas are predominantly suburban in character and provide for lower-density, single-family residential housing. With the mandated code changes for increased densities within the Urban Growth Area, Residential 1 will, over time and as supported by the market, transform into a mix of single-family detached lots and redeveloped lots with up to 6 units where previously 1 existed. Historic densities range from 1 home per 5 acres to 8.7 homes per acre, dependent upon the underlying zoning. Qualities associated with this designation include: low noise levels, limited traffic, private yards, and smaller-scale, setback buildings. Compatible non-residential uses such as schools, parks, day care, governmental facilities, and urban agriculture are allowed in some zones. In addition, this designation provides for the protection of non-open space, environmentally-sensitive parts of the cCity such as Dumas Bay and Camp Kilworth and recognizes that portions of the cCity are not served by urban infrastructure (i.e. water, sewer). It also provides for a diverse arrangement of interconnected subdivisions, neighborhoods, and communities that have a mix of densities and housing types. Maintaining and creating linkages to other residential areas and nonresidential areas is important for creating a connected community. Residential 2 The Residential 2 designation represents an opportunity to provide a range of housing types at higher densities than are supported by the Residential 1 designation, but not as dense as the Mixed-Use designations. Residential densities in this designation range from 12.1 residential units per acre to 24.2 residential units per acre, depending on the zone. Since building heights are capped at 3 stories (35 feet), most residences in this designation will be townhouses, duplexes, small-lot detached housing, and “woody- walkup” apartments. Compatible non-residential uses include schools, churches, recreation, parks, governmental facilities, and urban agriculture. This designation shares many of the same qualities as Residential 1 such as lower traffic volumes and noise, some building setbacks, and small-scale development, while allowing for multi-family uses and increased housing density along with community facilities and institutions. This designation can often act as a transition between the Residential 1 designation and higher density or non-residential designations. Commercial 21 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-6 This designation is characterized by employment-generating land uses. Office, retail, manufacturing and warehousing/storage represent the majority of the uses in this designation, as allowed by the underlying zones. Other uses found in the commercial designation include: entertainment, schools, day care, hospitals, churches, hotels, and breweries. Because of the variety of uses allowed, many of these commercial areas will be economically vibrant and active outside of traditional work hours. Although built for and served primarily by private vehicles, they should be developed to be accessible by foot, bike, car, and public transport as well. This designation is comprised of the CE, CP-1, OP and PO zones. Aside from an area on S 320th Street, the CE zone is generally limited to lands south of S 336th Street and are generally served by either Pacific Highway S or Enchanted Parkway/16th Avenue South. This designation is characterized by larger-scale buildings, longer operating hours, and moderate-to-high traffic generation. The CP-1 zone is limited to portions of the old Weyerhaeuser campus, east of I-5. The OP and PO zones include small-scale office and residentially-compatible employment opportunities, often clustered together and located on well-landscaped parcels and on collector streets such as 1st Avenue South and western S 320th Street, west of 8th Avenue S. Mixed Use – Non-Centers The Mixed Use – Non-Centers designation is for land used for a mixture of residential and commercial uses on a site. Mixed-use development can take a variety of forms, but often is categorized as either vertical mixed-use (residential and non-residential uses located in the same building) or horizontal mixed-use (residential and non-residential uses located on the same parcel, but in different buildings). Basic criteria for development include reasonable scale with the surrounding neighborhood, and engagement with the street frontage. This designation includes the CC-F, BC, and BN zones. The Neighborhood Business zone provides retail and/or services to adjacent residential areas. Architectural and site design guidelines are utilized to ensure compatibility between neighborhood business areas and adjacent neighborhoods. Neighborhood Business areas are intended to provide convenient goods (e.g., groceries and hardware) and services (e.g., dry cleaners, dentist, bank) at a pedestrian and neighborhood scale close to adjacent residential uses. The Community Business designation allows a broad mix of uses, including general, specialty, and service retail; commercial; office; commercial/residential mixed-use; and supportive uses. This designation envisions denser, high-quality development containing a vibrant and compatible mix of uses. The Community Business designation may be appropriate in other commercial nodes that have grown or are growing past the scale of the Neighborhood Business designation. The City Center Frame designation will have a look and feel similar to the Mixed Use – Centers designation and will provide a zone of less dense, commercial/residential mixed- use development physically surrounding a portion of the City Center Core. The Frame is also intended to provide a transition between the densely-developed Core and adjoining residential neighborhoods. 22 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-7 Mixed Use – Centers This designation represents the Regional Growth Center and the South Station subarea. The Regional Growth Center has been part of the City’s plans for a number of years and should not contain any properties zoned other than City Center Core. The Countywide Center, however, is anchored by a future light rail station anticipated to be operational in the mid 2030’s. For this area, zoning will transform over time and may contain City Center Core, CE, RM1800, and RS15 zones. The introduction of new zoning for this area that allows for the development of dense housing is appropriate in advance of the station opening to allow for this area’s transition from an employment dominated area to one that is mixed use. Parks and Recreation and Open Space Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) designation applies to parks, public and privately-owned recreational areas, urban forests, and public open-space areas. Lands within this designation include both natural open space areas and active use parks and recreational areas. Natural open space is intended to be conserved and enhanced through habitat restoration and vegetation management to maximize its environmental, habitat, and stormwater benefits, along with low-impact public access such as natural area trails and viewpoints, when appropriate. Parks and recreation lands are intended to provide opportunities for active recreation such as playfields and sports facilities, and urban amenities such as plazas, pocket parks and community gardens, but may also be utilized for governmental facilities. The PROS designation acknowledges the unique recreational opportunity associated with Wild Waves property. Enchanted Park is an indoor/outdoor amusement facility most noted for its water park and is zoned OP-4. Other areas include the system of properties tied to the Hylebos wetlands and Spring Valley. The City’s comprehensive plan is required to be consistent with the Growth Management Act (GMA), Puget Sound Regional Council goals and policies of Vision 2040, and the King County Countywide Planning Policies (CWPPs). VISION 2040 and the CWPPs, both required by the GMA, provide a regional framework to achieve the goals of the GMA. Policies contained in the comprehensive plan have been prepared to implement the GMA, VISION 2040, and the CWPPs as they apply to the City. By implementing the following goals, in addition to many others, the Land Use Chapter is consistent with GMA, VISION 2040, and the CWPP’s direction: • Creating a City Center as an area of concentrated employment and housing, served by high capacity transit, public facilities, parks, and open space. • Limiting growth outside the City Center to areas that are already urbanized. • Encouraging in-fill development. • Protecting environmentally sensitive areas. 23 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-8 Growth Management Act The GMA states that, “…a lack of common goals expressing the public’s interest in conservation and the wise use of our lands pose a threat to the environment, sustainable economic development, and the health, safety and high quality of life enjoyed by residents of this state” (RCW 36.70A.010). The GMA provides a framework for content and adoption of local comprehensive plans. The GMA provides 13 goals to be, “…used exclusively for the purpose of guiding development of comprehensive plans and development regulations.” A number of the GMA goals pertain to land use. They are as follows: Urban Growth – Encourage development in urban areas where adequate public facilities and services exist or can be provided in an efficient manner. Reduce Sprawl – Reduce the inappropriate conversion of undeveloped land into sprawling, low-density development. Housing – Encourage the availability of affordable housing to all economic segments of the population of the state, promote a variety of residential densities and housing types, and encourage preservation of existing housing stock. Open Space and Recreation – Retain open space, enhance recreational opportunities, conserve fish and wildlife habitat, increase access to natural resource lands and water, and develop parks and recreational facilities. Environment – Protect the environment and enhance the state’s high quality of life, including air and water quality and the availability of water. Public Facilities and Services – Ensure that those public facilities and services necessary to support development shall be adequate to serve the development at the time the development is available for occupancy and use without decreasing current service levels below locally established minimum standards. Historic Preservation – Identify and encourage the preservation of lands, sites, and structures that have historical or archaeological significance. Property Rights – Private property shall not be taken for public use without just compensation having been made. The property rights of landowners shall be protected from arbitrary and discriminatory actions. VISION 2040 VISION 2040 is the long-range growth management, economic, and transportation strategy for the central Puget Sound region encompassing King, Kitsap, Pierce, and Snohomish counties adopted by the Puget Sound Regional (PSRC) in 2008. VISION 2040’s Regional Growth Strategy is a preferred pattern for accommodating future residential and employment growth. It is designed to minimize environmental impacts, support economic prosperity, improve mobility, and make efficient use of existing infrastructure. 24 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-9 The overarching goal of VISION 2040 related to land use is to focus growth within already urbanized areas to create walkable, compact, and transit-oriented communities that maintain unique local character. Centers will continue to be a focus of development. Rural and natural resource lands will continue to be permanent and vital parts of the region. Development patterns of the last half of the 20th century often separated people from jobs, focused on accommodating the automobile, and altered critical ecosystems. Some of the results have been sprawl development, increasing health concerns, overburdened transportation and infrastructure systems, and increased pollution. The loss of land cover and vegetation to impervious surfaces, including buildings and pavement, also contributes to climate change—although not as significantly as the burning of fossil fuels. More recently, steps have been taken once again to build communities that are walkable and have a mix of uses, and that take advantage of materials and building techniques that have less impact on the environment. To further this goal VISION 2040 has allocated the majority of the region’s employment and housing growth to Metropolitan Cities and Core Cities. The City of Federal Way is a Core City. Therefore, an important connection between VISION 2040 policies and the City’s land use policies is development of a regional growth center (Urban Center), referred to as the City Center Core in the FWCP. Designated centers are intended to attract residents and businesses because of their proximity to services and jobs, a variety of housing types, access to regional amenities, mass transit service, and other advantages. Centers are recognized for their benefits in creating compact, walkable communities that support transit and other services. Housing and jobs should be located in a manner that provides for easy mobility and accessibility. Countywide Planning Policies The 2012 CWPPs address changes to the GMA since its initial adoption in 1990 and reflect the regional direction established in VISION 2040. CWPPs provide a framework for both the county and its respective cities. Adherence to these policies ensures that plans within the county are consistent with one another. These policies address such issues as the designation of urban growth areas, land use, affordable housing, provision of urban services for future development, transportation, and contiguous and orderly development. The overarching goal related to development patterns in the CWPPs is that growth in King County occurs in a compact, centers‐focused pattern that uses land and infrastructure efficiently and that protects rural and resource lands. It goes on to say that consistent with the GMA and VISION 2040; urban lands are intended to be the focus of future growth that is compact, includes a mix of uses, and is well‐served by public infrastructure. Urban lands also include a network of open spaces where ongoing maintenance is a local as well as a regional concern. 2.2 THE LAND USE CONCEPTPOTENTIAL ANNEXATION AREAS 25 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-10 The City of Federal Way Potential Annexation Areas (PAAs) was established through a series of interlocal agreements between the City of Federal Way and neighboring South King County cities. As part of the Growth Management Act, areas within the King County Urban Growth Boundary are intended to be served by urban services. Potential Annexation Areas (PAAs) are unincorporated areas of King County within the Urban Growth Area (UGA). Federal Way’s PAAs are located adjacent to the City where the City is expected to provide public services and utilities following an annexation process. The City’s remaining potential annexation areas are located east of I-5 (see Map LU-4). Based on a land use survey conducted in 2013, the land use designation for the PAAs are broken out in Figure LU-2. Figure LU-2 (PAA Land Use Allocation) Designation # acres % Commercial 0.04 Low Density Residential 90.82 Medium Density Residential 5.05 Mixed Use 0.51 Open Space, Parks & Recreation 3.59 Regional Growth Center 0 Undesignated 0 Goal LUG PAA 1 Respect the character, integrity, and unique qualities of PAA neighborhoods through the annexation process. Policies LUP PAA 1.1 The City zoning designations for annexed properties should consider existing King County zoning designations and PAA growth targets; providing a variety of housing types; and, other City Goals and Policies of this Comprehensive Plan as part of the annexation process. LUP PAA 1.2 Seek to expand the area of annexation proposals when such an expansion would serve to make city boundaries more regular or where the area to be served is a logical extension of city service capabilities and is within a defined potential annexation area. LUP PAA 1.3 Encourage neighborhood retail and personal services to locate at appropriate locations where local economic demand and design solutions demonstrate compatibility with nearby neighborhoods. Goal LUG PAA 2 The City shall work with King County to strategically annex identified Potential Annexation Areas. Policies 26 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-11 LUP PAA 2.1 Prior to initiation of an annexation, an updated inventory shall be conducted to understand zoning, existing uses, and infrastructure conditions of the area under consideration. LUP PAA 2.2 The City shall be responsive to requests for annexation. LUP PAA 2.3 Ensure the ability of the annexation area or King County to pay the determined fair share of required services prior to annexation. Federal Way’s existing land use pattern (the physical location of uses) exists as a result of development administered by King County until 1990 and subsequent development under Federal Way’s jurisdiction. As shown in Map II-3 (Generalized Existing Land Use) and Figure II-1 (Percent Gross Land Area by Existing Land Use), in December 2012, approximately 35 percent of Federal Way’s gross land area was developed as single- family development, 8 percent as multiple-family development, and 11 percent for office, commercial, and industrial uses. Updates to the FWCP will not substantially modify this land use pattern. Figure II-1 Commercial 5% Drainage 1%Industrial 2% Institutional 5% Multi- Family 8%Office 4% Open Space 7% Park 4% Recreation 1% Religious Services 1% Senior Housing 0% Single Family 35%Surface Water 3% Utilities 17% Vacant 7% Percent Gross Land Area by Existing Land Use Commercial Drainage Industrial Institutional Multi-Family Office Open Space Park Recreation Religious ServicesSenior Housing Single Family Surface Water Utilities Vacant Source: December 2012 City of Federal Way GIS Land Use Layer 27 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-12 What will change is how various pieces of the land use pattern interact to achieve common land use goals. Figure II-2 depicts the land use concept. The land use concept is intended to facilitate the following: • Transformation of the retail core into an intensely developed City Center that is the focus of civic activity which provides a sustainable balance of jobs and housing; • Preservation and enhancement of existing residential neighborhoods; • A network of parks, trails, open space areas and urban agricultural sites; • Healthy and active lifestyle opportunities for all residents. • Diversification of the City’s employment base by creating opportunities for employment growth; • New retail and service employment opportunities around the I-5/South 320th and I-5/SR 18 interchanges. • New opportunities for residential development near transit centers; • Convenient residentially scaled shopping for residential neighborhoods; • Housing in the City’s mixed-use commercial areas close to shopping and employment; • Redevelopment of “strip commercial” areas along major arterials into attractive, mixed-use corridors served by auto and transit; • Well-designed commercial and office developments; • Preservation of environmentally sensitive areas; and • Accommodation of adopted growth targets for households and jobs and PSRC growth projections. 28 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-13 Figure II-2 The Concept Plan Diagram Source: City of Federal Way 29 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-14 2.3 PROJECTED GROWTH & DEVELOPMENT CAPACITYGOALS & POLICIES This section contains the goals and policies of the Land Use Chapter of the Comprehensive Plan for properties located within the City’s jurisdiction. (There are additional goals and policies relating to potential annexation areas found in Section 2.4). Goals and Policies addressing the overall land use vision and the interplay of various land uses is contained in this Chapter. Projected Growth According to the 2010 U.S. Census, 89,306 people called Federal Way home. As of April 2014, the population had grown to 90,147 (based on the Washington State Office of Financial Management [OFM] population estimates). Figure II-3 Population Projection, Federal Way Source: U.S. Census and Washington State of Financial Management Between incorporation in 1990 and April 2014, the City grew at an average rate of 1.39 percent per year. In 2014, Federal Way was the tenth largest city in the state and the fifth largest in King County. Based on PSRC’s projections, the population in 2031 is estimated to be 104,306 based on an average increase of 0.92 percent per year. By 2035, they estimate that the city population will be 107,057, which would equate to an average growth of 0.65 percent per year. 0 20000 40000 60000 80000 100000 120000 1980 1990 2000 2010 2020 2030 2040 Population Population 30 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-15 Development Capacity and Targets The 1977 Buildable Lands amendment to the GMA required six Washington counties and the cities within them to measure their land supply (in acres) and land capacity (in housing units and jobs). The intent is to ensure that these counties and cities have sufficient capacity, realistically measured, to accommodate forecasted growth. For the City of Federal Way, the adopted 2006-2031 targets are 8,100 new residential units and 12,300 new jobs. From 2006 to 2012, the City gained new housing units at a slower pace than preceding years. The City gained about 600 housing units by 2012. There is a remaining growth target of 7,500 housing units for 2031 and based on existing zoning, we have total capacity for 8,443 new housing units. Two-thirds of the City’s residential capacity is in the mixed-use zones, including the City Center. Between 2006 and 2012, the City experienced a slight job loss, like many South King County cities. The PSRC Covered Employment Data estimates that the City lost 628 jobs during that period. The loss occurred especially in commercial jobs; there was a very slight gain in industrial jobs during that period. However, we are starting to see an increase in job creation starting in 2013. Based on existing zoning, we have total capacity for more than 17,000 additional jobs, primarily in the mixed-use zones, including the City Center. Therefore, we have adequate capacity to accommodate the 12,300 new job target. 2.4 URBAN DESIGN AND FORM In addition to guiding development, the Land Use chapter also guides the quality and character of the City’s future development pattern through goals and policies related to the form, function, and appearance of the built environment. These goals and policies, related to quality development, serve and will continue to serve as a basis from which to develop appropriate implementation measures. Design guidelines, adopted in 1996, 1999, and 2003 are used as an integral component of the development review process. Design guidelines address location and type of pedestrian amenities and public spaces; pedestrian and vehicle circulation; building setbacks, orientation, form, and scale; landscaping; and mixed-use commercial/residential design. Goals LUG 1 Support a land use framework and regulations that implement the goals of the Growth Management Act; are responsive to changes in state statutes; support VISION 2050 Regional Growth Strategy and King County Countywide Planning Policies; include policies addressing environmental justice; and, provides sufficient actions to accomplish the goals and policies contained in this plan. Policies LUP 1.1 Strongly discourage the spread of commercial zoning and uses into residentially-designated areas. Instead, strongly encourage the more intensive utilization of existing commercial and mixed-use areas for commercial purposes, mixed-residential use, and public activities. LUP 1.2 Discourage speculative rezoning and require applicants provide market- 31 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-16 based data and analyses to support rezoning requests. LUP 1.3 Foster a diverse community comprised of neighborhoods that provide a range of housing options; a vibrant City Center; well designed and functioning mixed-use, commercial and office areas; and distinctive neighborhood retail areas. LUP 1.4 The FWRC shall include a process and standards for siting essential public facilities. LUP 1.5 Land Use decisions shall not exacerbate environmental health disparities. LUP 1.6 Track progress toward increasing health equity and ensuring environmental justice throughout the city. LUP1 Use development standards and design guidelines to maintain neighborhood character and ensure compatibility with surrounding uses. LUP2 Use zoning regulations to achieve a greater range of housing options in multi-family designations. LUP3 Use design guidelines and performance standards to create attractive and desirable commercial, office and commercial/residential mixed-use developments. Goals LUG 2 Develop an efficient, predictable, transparent, fair and timely development review process based on a public/private partnership. Policies LUP 2.1 Maximize efficiency and predictability of the development review process and conduct regular reviews of development regulations to determine how to improve upon the permit review process. LUP5 2.2 Assist developers with proposals by continuing to offer preapplication meetings in order to produce projects that will be reviewed efficiently. LUP6 Conduct regular reviews of development regulations to determine how to improve upon the permit review process. LUP7 2.3 Integrate and coordinate construction of public infrastructure with private development to minimize costs wherever possible. LUP 2.4 Look to incorporate new technologies to improve permit processing times. LUP 2.5 Ensure noticing of land use decisions is inclusive and accessible to all members of the community. LUP 2.6 Consider and minimize potential impacts due to displacement resulting from land use decisions. Goals LUG 3 Periodically update the city inventory of buildable land capacity and evaluate development activity and achieved densities to ensure that the city is able to meet its regionally-adopted housing and employment targets over the next 20 years as well as the criteria for the city’s Centers. Policies LUP 8 3.1 Designate and zone land to provide for Federal Way’s share of regionally adopted demand forecasts for residential, commercial, and industrial uses for the next 20 years. LUP 9 Support a diverse community comprised of neighborhoods that provide a range of housing options; a vibrant City Center; well designed and 32 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-17 functioning mixed-use, commercial and office areas; and distinctive neighborhood retail areas. LUP 3.2 Accommodate a majority of the city’s growth in the Regional Growth Center and Countywide Center. LUP 3.3 Evaluate household and employment inventory and forecasts on a periodic basis to ensure that land use policies and regulations based on previous assumptions remain relevant. LUP 10 Support the continuation of a strong residential community. LUP 11 Evaluate household and employment forecasts on a periodic basis to ensure that land use policies based on previous assumptions are current. LUP 12 Distribute park, urban agricultural sites, and recreational opportunities equitably throughout the City. Goals LUG 34 Preserve and protect Federal Way’s single-family neighborhoods. LUG3.1 Provide a wide range of housing densities and types in the single-family designated areas. Policies LUP 134.1 Maintain and protect the character of existing single-family neighborhoods through strict enforcement of the City’s land use regulations. LUP 4.2 Support the continuation of a strong residential community. LUP 14 4.3 Protect residential areas from impacts of adjacent non-residential uses. LUP 15 Revise existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new single-family developments and in-fill. LUP 16 Encourage the development of transportation routes and facilities to serve single-family neighborhoods. Special attention should be given to pedestria circulation. LUP 17 Encourage the development of parks and the preservation of open space in and adjacent to residential areas to provide adequate recreational opportunities and preserve the natural setting of Federal Way. LUP 18 Continue to consider special development techniques (e.g., lot size averaging, cottage housing, accessory dwelling units, townhomes, duplexes, and planned unit developments) in single-family areas provided they result in residential development consistent with the quality and character of existing neighborhoods. LUP 19 Preserve site characteristics that enhance residential development (trees, water-courses, vistas, and similar features) using site planning techniques such as clustering, planned unit developments, and lot size averaging. Goals LUG 4 Provide a wide complete range of housing typesland uses and densities commensurate with market demand, adopted housing targets, and the community’s needs and preferencesto ensure the community achieves the diversity needed to be a vibrant community. Policies LUP 204.1 Allow and encourage a variety of multi-family housing types in designated commercial areas, especially in the City Center Core and City Center Frame 33 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-18 areas. LUP 21 Support multi-family development with transportation and capital facilities improvements. LUP 22 Multi-family residential development should be designed to provide privacy and common open space. Variations in facades and rooflines should be used to add character and interest to multiple-family developments. LUP 23 Encourage the establishment of street patterns and amenities that encourage walking, bicycling, and transit use. LUP 244.2 Provide employment and business opportunities by allocating adequate land for commercial, office, and industrial development. LUP 4.3 Distribute park, urban agricultural sites, and recreational opportunities equitably throughout the City. LUP 4.4 Establish development regulations that allow for healthy food resources, such as urban agriculture and food banks as a permitted use and provide for on-site sale and delivery of healthy foods, on public and private property, where appropriate. LUP 4.5 Continue to consider special development techniques (e.g., lot size averaging, cottage housing, accessory dwelling units, townhomes, duplexes, and planned unit developments) in single-family areas provided they result in residential development consistent with the quality and character of existing neighborhoods. LUP 25 Encourage development of regional uses in the City Center. LUP 26 Provide for a mix of commercial and residential uses in most commercial areas LUP 27 Use design and performance standards to integrate multi-family development into commercial developments as commercial/ residential mixed-use development. Performance standards should focus on scale, appearance, and compatibility. LUP 28 Use Community Design Guidelines to promote common open space, public art, and plazas in commercial/residential mixed-use, and office developments. LUP 29 Ensure compatibility between non-residential developments and residential zones by regulating height, scale, setbacks, and buffers. LUP 30 Use Community Design Guidelines to encourage quality design and pedestrian and vehicle circulation in office, commercial, and industrial developments. LUP 31 Use Community Design Guidelines to encourage commercial development to locate along street edge (where deemed appropriate) to provide pedestrian street access and interest. Provide pedestrian access between developments and to transit stations. LUP 32 Consider adopting Form-based codes as a tool to create a predictable public realm and appropriate form and scale for new development and redevelopment. LUP33 Identify and designate streets where on-street parking can be safely provided without unduly slowing traffic flow or jeopardizing traffic safety. LUP34 Provide developer incentives for inclusion of housing in commercial projects at appropriate locations. 34 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-19 Goals LUG 5 Develop a quality commercial enterprise environmentareas characterized by a viable, vibrant, and attractive mix of commercial, retail, office, industrial, and supportive uses and utilize locational and design criteria to ensure compatibility between uses. LUP35 Allow a broad range of commercial, retail, office, industrial, and supportive uses to meet the needs of workers and consumers, in well integrated, well- functioning, high quality developments. Policies LUP36LUP 5.1 Require commercial development to be compatible and well integrated into its surroundings and adjacent zones through site and building design and development standards that reduce or eliminate land use conflicts and nuisance impacts; ensure project aesthetics; promote sharing of public facilities and services; and improve vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow and safety, including access control and off-street interconnectivity between adjoining properties where feasible. LUP37 Allow general and specialty retail uses that serve the needs of people employed or residing in the local area, as well as “destination” retail and wholesale businesses that may serve a broader consumer base vis-à-vis the area’s convenient access to Interstate 5 and Highway 18. LUP 385.2 Do not allowConsider minimizing impacts from traffic flows, loading bays and outdoor storage for heavy industrial uses during the site plan review process on properties that adjoin residential zones. LUG6 Transform Community Business areas into vital, attractive, areas with a mix of uses that appeal to pedestrians, motorists, and residents, and enhance the community’s image. LUP 39 Encourage transformation of the Pacific Highway (SR-99) Community Business corridors into quality retail/commercial mixed use areas, designed to integrate auto, pedestrian, and transit circulation, and to improve traffic flow and safety, including access control and off-street interconnectivity between adjoining properties where feasible. Continue to utilize Community Design Guidelines to ensure quality site and building design and functional and aesthetic compatibility between uses. Integration of pedestrian amenities and open space into retail and office development should also be encouraged. LUP 40 Encourage a range of pedestrian-oriented retail, while continuing to accommodate auto-oriented retail uses, and provide supportive uses to meet the needs of residents and employees in the area. LUG7 Provide neighborhood and community scale retail centers for the City’s neighborhoods. LUP 41 Integrate retail developments into surrounding neighborhoods through attention to quality design and function. LUP 42 Encourage pedestrian and bicycle access to neighborhood shopping and services. LUP 43 Encourage neighborhood retail and personal services to locate at appropriate locations where local economic demand and design solutions demonstrate compatibility with the neighborhood. LUP 44 Retail and personal services should be encouraged to group together within planned centers to allow for ease of pedestrian movement. 35 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-20 LUP 45 Neighborhood Business centers should consist of neighborhood scale retail and personal services. LUP 46 Encourage commercial/residential mixed-use development in Neighborhood Business designations. LUP 47 Support the provision of transit to Neighborhood Business areas. LUP 48 In designating new or expanding existing Neighborhood Business centers, the adjacent zoning and land use shall be carefully considered. New Neighborhood Business centers are most appropriately located adjacent to multi- family and high-density single-family residential areas. Goals LUG 86 Create office and corporate park development that is known regionally, nationally, and internationally for its design and function.Provide land use regulations that allow for the flexibility and creativity of good design and the incorporation of sound planning principles. Policies LUG 6.1 Work collaboratively to evaluate and realize the potential of the (former) Weyerhaeuser properties in East Campus.Use Community Design Guidelines and other tools to promote common open space, public art, and plazas in commercial/residential mixed-use, and office developments. LUP 6.2 In the East Campus Corporate Park area, encourage quality development that will complement existing uses and take advantage of good access to I- 5, Highway 18 and future light rail as well as proximity to the City Center. Use Community Design Guidelines and other tools to require commercial development to locate along the street edge (where deemed appropriate) and to provide pedestrian street access and interest. Provide direct pedestrian access and, attempt to meet ADA requirements, between developments and transit routes. LUP 6.3 Use development standards and design guidelines to maintain neighborhood character and ensure compatibility with surrounding uses.LUG 10 Provide access to healthy food resources for all residents through opportunities for urban agricultural activities, such as farmers markets, farmstands, community supported agriculture (CSA)1 drop-off sites, community gardens, pea patches, school gardens, home gardens, and urban farms. LUP 6.4 Use design guidelines and performance standards to create attractive and desirable commercial, office and commercial/residential mixed-use developments. LUP 6.5 Regularly audit existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new developments. LUP 6.6 Use design and performance standards to integrate multi-family development into commercial developments as commercial/ residential mixed-use development. Performance standards should focus on scale, appearance, and compatibility. LUP 6.7 Revise existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new single-family developments and in-fill. 1 Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a food production and distribution system that directly connects farmers and consumers. Consumers buy “shares” in a farm’s harvest in advance. The term “CSA” is also used to refer to an individual farm’s CSA program. 36 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-21 LUP 6.8 Consider incorporation of ICC Wildland Urban Interface Code. LUP 6.9 Allow general and specialty retail uses that serve the needs of people employed or residing in the local area, as well as “destination” retail and wholesale businesses that may serve a broader consumer base vis-à-vis the area’s convenient access to Interstate 5 and Highway 18. LUP 50 Establish development regulations that allow for healthy food resources, such as urban agriculture and food banks as a permitted use and provide for on-site sale and delivery of healthy foods, on public and private property, where appropriate. LUG 11 Encourage and support farmers’ market opportunities that are accessible to all residents. LUP 51 Establish development regulations that allow for farmers markets as a permitted use on public and private property, where appropriate. LUP 52 Encourage farmers market to accept public benefits such as food stamp electronic benefit cards, senior farmer market vouchers, and Women, Infant, Children (WIC) benefits. LUP 53 Coordinate with local and regional organizations to promote local farmers markets. LUG 12 Promote urban agriculture activities through existing and new programming and partnerships. LUP 54 Encourage and support the use of public lands for urban agricultural activities by establishing criteria for assessing suitable sites. LUP 55 Where appropriate, support joint-use agreements for publicly or privately owned sites for uses such as urban farms, community gardens, and pea patches. LUP 56 Consider development incentives, grants, and other funding sources to support development of urban agriculture sites and programming. LUG13 Ensure the City complies with legal mandates to allow the siting of Essential Public Facilities. LUP59 The FWRC shall include a process for siting essential public facilities. LUP60 Establish priority areas for public facility and service improvements, especially for transportation based on an adopted Capital Facilities Plan (CFP) and Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). Priority areas should be located where public facility and service improvements would effectively advance Federal Way’s growth vision. Priority areas will shift over time as improvements are installed and an acceptable level of service is attained. LUP61 When and where service deficiencies are identified, the City, along with service providers, will develop capital improvement programs to remedy identified deficiencies in a timely fashion or will phase growth until such programs can be completed. LUP62 Work with King County through an interlocal agreement to assign phasing to the City’s PAA. LUP 63 Develop incentives to encourage desired development in commercial areas, especially in the City Center Core and Frame. LUP 64 Consider incentives for desired types of multi-family residential development (townhouses, duplexes, etc.). LUG 14 Use historic resources as an important element in the overall design of the City. LUP 65 Identify vista points and historic buildings for preservation. 37 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-22 LUP 66 Develop a process to designate historic landmark sites and structures. Use developer incentives or other mechanisms to ensure that these sites and structures will continue to be a part of the community. LUP 67 Recognize the heritage of the community by continuing to name (or rename) parks, streets, and other public places after major figures and/or events. LUP 68 Zoning should be compatible with and conducive to continued preservation of historic neighborhoods and properties. LUP 69 Safeguard and manifest Federal Way’s heritage by preserving those sites, buildings, structures, and objects which reflect significant elements of the City’s history. LUP 70 Work with the Historical Society of Federal Way to come up with a methodology to catalog historic sites using the City’s geographic information system. LUP 71 Undertake an effort to publicly commemorate historic sites. LUP 72 The City shall continue to work with the Historical Society of Federal Way towards attainment of historic resource policies. Goals LUG 7 Coordinate with local and regional partners in land use planning. Policies LUP 7.1 Coordinate with adjacent jurisdictions, the tribes, and affected agencies to ensure local land use decisions are considered beyond the city’s boundaries. LUP 7.2 Coordinate with local and regional organizations to promote local farmers markets. Goal LUG 1 Create an attractive, welcoming and functional built environment. Support a land use framework and regulations that implement the goals of the Growth Management Act, VISION 2050 Regional Growth Strategy, King County Countywide Planning Policies, policies addressing environmental justice, and provides sufficient actions to accomplish the goals and policies contained in this plan. Policies LUP 1.1 Discourage speculative rezoning and require applicants provide market-based data and analysis to support rezoning requests. LUP1 Use development standards and design guidelines to maintain neighborhood character and ensure compatibility with surrounding uses. LUP2 Use zoning regulations to achieve a greater range of housing options in multi- family designations. LUP3 Use design guidelines and performance standards to create attractive and desirable 38 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-23 commercial, office and commercial/residential mixed-use developments. 2.5 DEVELOPMENT REVIEW PROCESS The Land Use chapter provides the policy foundation for implementing zoning and development regulations. In developing policy concerning future land use regulations, or revisions to existing regulations, every effort has been made to instill certainty and efficiency in the development process. Goal LUG2 Develop an efficient and timely development review process based on a public/ private partnership. Policies LUP4 Maximize efficiency of the development review process. LUP5 Assist developers with proposals by continuing to offer preapplication meetings in order to produce projects that will be reviewed efficiently. LUP6 Conduct regular reviews of development regulations to determine how to improve upon the permit review process. LUP7 Integrate and coordinate construction of public infrastructure with private development to minimize costs wherever possible. 2.6 CITYWIDE POLICIES Citywide policies apply to all FWCP designations. These general policies are intended to maintain the quality of the living and working environment and ensure that the interests, economy, and welfare of the community are considered. Policies LUP 8 Designate and zone land to provide for Federal Way’s share of regionally adopted demand forecasts for residential, commercial, and industrial uses for the next 20 years. LUP 91.2 Support Foster a diverse community comprised of neighborhoods that provide a range of housing options; a vibrant City Center; well designed and functioning mixed-use, commercial and office areas; and distinctive neighborhood retail areas. LUP 1.3 Audit existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new development. 39 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-24 LUP 1.4 The FWRC shall include a process for siting essential public facilities. LUP 1.5 Land Use decisions shall not exacerbate environmental health disparities. LUP 1.6 Track progress toward increasing health equity and ensuring environmental justice throughout the City. Goal LUG 2 Provide sufficient densities and intensities of uses to meet the City’s growth targets and criteria for centers designations. Policies LUP 2.1 Strongly discourage the spread of commercial zoning and uses into residentially-designated areas. Instead, strongly encourage the more intensive utilization of existing commercial and mixed-use areas for commercial purposes, mixed residential use, and public activities proximate to transit resources. LUP 10 Support the continuation of a strong residential community. LUP 11 Evaluate household and employment forecasts on a periodic basis to ensure that land use policies based on previous assumptions are current. LUP 12 Distribute park, urban agricultural sites, and recreational opportunities equitably throughout the City. 2.7 LAND USE DESIGNATIONS The land use designations in the FWCP recognize the relationships between broad patterns of land uses. The designations set forth locational criteria for each specific class of uses consistent with the long-term objectives of the FWCP. These designations provide the purpose and intent for specific zoning districts. The location of comprehensive plan land use designations are shown on the Comprehensive Plan Designations Map (Map II-1). Residential Areas Single Family Federal Way is known for its quality single-family neighborhoods. This section contains goals and policies that will shape future development and protect or improve the character and livability of established neighborhoods. The demand for and development of single-family housing is expected to continue for the foreseeable future. Single-family development will occur as in-fill development of vacant lots scattered throughout existing neighborhoods and as subdivisions on vacant tracts of land. 40 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-25 Single Family Low Density The Single Family Low Density designation continues the historic application of low density zoning (Suburban Estates, one unit per five acres) in order to retain larger urban lots. This designation is appropriate on or near critical areas, in areas lacking urban level services and infrastructure, and to retain areas that have unique area-wide circumstance. There are two notable locations: Spring Valley, located in the southern portion of the City; and along Puget Sound near Dumas Bay in the vicinity of Camp Kilworth and the Palisades Retreat property. Moreover, the application of low density zoning is appropriate as a buffer between adjacent land use designations of higher densities. Upon provision of urban services, such as water and sewer, an increase in density may be warranted. Single Family Medium Density The Single Family Medium Density designation creates urban lots with a density range of one to three dwelling units per acre to avoid developing on or near environmentally sensitive areas or areas that lack urban infrastructure. The Single Family Medium Density designation can be found along the Puget Sound shoreline and south of South 356th Street, both east and west of SR 99. Lot sizes of 35,000 and 15,000 square feet provide for a transition in density between land designated as Single Family High Density Residential and Single Family Low Density Residential. Upon provision of urban services, such as water and sewer, an increase in density may be warranted. The relatively large lot sizes along the Puget Sound shoreline areas are appropriate due to geological features, including steep slopes and landslide hazards commonly associated with marine bluffs. This area of lower density zoning occurs on both the east and west sides of 1st Avenue South, south of South 356th Street. However, there are major environmental and ownership differences between the two areas. The area east of 1st Avenue South is characterized by the Hylebos Wetlands and associated streams. In addition, there are many parcels that are either publicly owned or are intended as wetland mitigation for development elsewhere in the drainage basin. Therefore, based on the relative absence of environmental constraints and the future availability of public services in the area west of 1st Avenue South, an increase in density may be warranted. Single Family High Density A majority of the single-family residential land in the City is designated as Single Family High Density, which is equivalent to RS 9.6 (one unit per 9,600 square feet), RS 7.2 (one unit per 7,200 square feet), and RS 5.0 (one unit per 5,000 square feet) zoning districts respectively, and provide for a range of housing densities. Single Family High Density residential designations are located within close and convenient proximity to neighborhood business centers, areas of existing or future employment, transit, and existing urban infrastructure and services. Future Single Family High Density development should have good access to collector and arterial streets. Goals LUG 3 Develop an efficient, predictable, and timely development review process based on a public/private partnership. 41 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-26 LUG3 Preserve and protect Federal Way’s single-family neighborhoods. LUG3.1 Provide a wide range of housing densities and types in the single-family designated areas. Policies LUP 3.1 Maximize efficiency and predictability of the development review process and conduct regular reviews of the permitting process to determine how to improve upon the permit review process. LUP 3.2 Look for ways that technology can improve permit processing times. LUP 3.3 Ensure noticing of land use decisions in inclusive and accessible to all members of the community. LUP 3.4 Consider and minimize potential impacts due to displacement resulting from land use decisions. Goal LUG 4 Periodically update the city inventory of buildable land capacity and evaluate development activity and achieved densities to ensure that the City is able to meet its regionally-adopted housing and employment targets over the next 20 years. Policies LUP 4.1 Designate and zone land to provide for Federal Way’s share of regionally adopted demand forecasts for residential and employment-generating uses for the next 20 years. LUP 4.2 Evaluate household and employment forecasts on a periodic basis to ensure that land use policies and regulations based on previous assumptions remain relevant. LUP 13 Maintain and protect the character of existing single-family neighborhoods through strict enforcement of the City’s land use regulations. LUP 14 Protect residential areas from impacts of adjacent non-residential uses. LUP 15 Revise existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new single-family developments and in-fill. LUP 16 Encourage the development of transportation routes and facilities to serve single-family neighborhoods. Special attention should be given to pedestrian circulation. LUP 17 Encourage the development of parks and the preservation of open space in and 42 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-27 adjacent to residential areas to provide adequate recreational opportunities and preserve the natural setting of Federal Way. LUP 18 Continue to consider special development techniques (e.g., lot size averaging, cottage housing, accessory dwelling units, townhomes, duplexes, and planned unit developments) in single-family areas provided they result in residential development consistent with the quality and character of existing neighborhoods. LUP 19 Preserve site characteristics that enhance residential development (trees, water-courses, vistas, and similar features) using site planning techniques such as clustering, planned unit developments, and lot size averaging. Multi-Family The multi-family residential land use designation represents an opportunity to provide a range of housing types to accommodate anticipated residential growth. The increase in population, aging population, increasing diversity, decline in average family size, and high cost of single-family homes have created heavy demand for new housing types. The Land Use chapter encourages the development of housing types, such as duplexes, townhouses, senior housing, quality apartment units and condominiums in existing multi- family areas and within mixed-use development in commercial areas. During the 1980s, the City’s landscape changed, as a number of large apartment complexes were constructed. These apartments, often built without regard to scale or amenities, created a general dissatisfaction with the appearance of multi-family development. In 1999, the City amended its Community Design Guidelines to address the appearance and character of multi- family dwelling units. Incentives for creating desired development such as duplexes and townhouses should be considered. Multi- Family uses in large part are in areas currently zoned for multi-family development. Designations of 3600, 2400, and 1800 square feet per dwelling unit, corresponding to densities of 12, 18, and 24 dwelling units per acre respectively, will continue to be used. Opportunities for new development will occur through redevelopment and build-out of remaining parcels. In May 2007, the City adopted regulations governing zero lot-line townhouse development and small lot single-family housing in the multiple-family zoning districts. Goal LUG4 Provide a wide range of housing types and densities commensurate with market demand, adopted housing targets, and the community’s needs and preferences. Policies LUP 20 Allow and encourage a variety of multi-family housing types in designated commercial areas, especially in the City Center Core and City Center Frame. LUP 21 Support multi-family development with transportation and capital facilities improvements. LUP 22 Multi-family residential development should be designed to provide privacy 43 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-28 and common open space. Variations in facades and rooflines should be used to add character and interest to multiple-family developments. LUP 23 Encourage the establishment of street patterns and amenities that encourage walking, bicycling, and transit use. Commercial Designations Existing commercial areas are predominantly auto-oriented and characterized by one- story low intensity development. In the future, it is desired that these areas become more intensively developed and pedestrian oriented, and in some designations, accommodate housing. Transforming existing areas into places where people want to live, shop, and work requires changes. Commercial areas should contain street furniture, trees, pedestrian shelters, well-marked crosswalks, and buildings oriented to and along the street to provide interest and allow easy pedestrian access. General Policies for Commercial, Office, and Commercial Enterprise The following apply to all commercial, office, and commercial enterprise designations. In some instances, specific goals and policies may follow a specific land use designation. Policies LUP 24 Provide employment and business opportunities by allocating adequate land for commercial, office, and industrial development. LUP 25 Encourage development of regional uses in the City Center. LUP 26 Provide for a mix of commercial and residential uses in most commercial areas. LUP 27 Use design and performance standards to integrate multi-family development into commercial developments as commercial/ residential mixed-use development. Performance standards should focus on scale, appearance, and compatibility. LUP 28 Use Community Design Guidelines to promote common open space, public art, and plazas in commercial/residential mixed-use, and office developments. LUP 29 Ensure compatibility between non-residential developments and residential zones by regulating height, scale, setbacks, and buffers. LUP 30 Use Community Design Guidelines to encourage quality design and pedestrian and vehicle circulation in office, commercial, and industrial developments. LUP 31 Use Community Design Guidelines to encourage commercial development to locate along street edge (where deemed appropriate) to provide pedestrian street access and interest. Provide pedestrian access between developments and to transit stations. LUP 32 Consider adopting Form-based codes as a tool to create a predictable public 44 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-29 realm and appropriate form and scale for new development and redevelopment. LUP33 Identify and designate streets where on-street parking can be safely provided without unduly slowing traffic flow or jeopardizing traffic safety. LUP34 Provide developer incentives for inclusion of housing in commercial projects at appropriate locations. Commercial Enterprise The Commercial Enterprise (CE) designation was developed from the former Business Park (BP) designation, in order to meet changing market conditions, as indicated by City market studies and by numerous rezone requests. The CE designation is primarily intended to capture the demand for a diverse mix of industrial, office, and retail sales and services, arrayed in well integrated, high quality developments. Housing is not contemplated for this designation. The CE designation encompasses areas located generally south of South 339th Street, north of South 359th Street, and west of the Interstate-5/SR-18 interchange. Presently, these areas are characterized by bulk/big box retailers such as Costco and Home Depot; “destination” retail/commercial centers such as Federal Way Crossings and Marketplace; and light manufacturing and warehouse uses; whose convenient access to Interstate-5 and Highway 18 provide a natural location for such development. The area also includes some large undeveloped and underdeveloped parcels. Goal LUG5 Develop a quality commercial enterprise environment characterized by a viable, vibrant, and attractive mix of commercial, retail, office, industrial, and supportive uses and utilize locational and design criteria to ensure compatibility between uses. LUG 5 Accommodate a majority of the city’s growth in the Regional Growth Center and Countywide Center. Policies LUP 5.1 Establish subarea plans for designated Centers ensuring the areas will comply with established targets for these areas. LUP 5.2 Utilize zoning tools such as Overlays to help achieve the vision for specific areas of the city. Goal LUG 6 Provide retail areas for shopping designed to serve neighborhoods, recognizing their multiple roles: serving resident needs, acting as community gathering places, and helping to establish neighborhood identity. Policies LUP35 Allow a broad range of commercial, retail, office, industrial, and supportive uses to meet the needs of workers and consumers, in well integrated, well- 45 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-30 functioning, high quality developments. LUP36 Require development to be compatible and well integrated into its surroundings and adjacent zones through site and building design and development standards that reduce or eliminate land use conflicts and nuisance impacts; ensure project aesthetics; promote sharing of public facilities and services; and improve vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow and safety, including access control and off-street interconnectivity between adjoining properties where feasible. LUP37 6.1 Allow general and specialty retail uses that serve the needs of people employed or residing in the local area, as well as “destination” retail and wholesale businesses that may serve a broader consumer base vis-à-vis the area’s convenient access to Interstate 5 and Highway 18. LUP 6.2 Use development standards (e.g. height, setbacks, scale, etc.) and design guidelines to maintain neighborhood character and ensure compatibility with surrounding uses. LUP 6.3 Support the continuation of a strong residential community. LUP 6.4 Support the provision of child care and access to healthy food equitably throughout the city. LUP 6.5 Enhance the health and vitality of Federal Way’s neighborhoods to maintain a vibrant, sustainable, and family-oriented community. LUP 6.6 Increase access to small-scale, neighborhood-supporting uses (e.g. daycare, healthy and culturally-relevant food, etc.) throughout the city. LUP 6.7 Protect residential areas from impacts of adjacent non-residential uses. LUP 38 Do not allow heavy industrial uses on properties that adjoin residential zones. Community Business The Community Business designation encompasses two major retail/commercial areas along the SR-99 corridor, including the segment generally between South 272nd Street and South 312th Street, and the segment between South 324th Street and approximately South 339th Street. Presently, these areas are characterized by a wide range of development types and appearances, including older, single-story developments that provide excellent redevelopment opportunities. This designation also includes the property located at the northwest corner of 1st Avenue South and SW Campus Drive, which is subject to a concomitant development agreement. In addition, there is a Community Business designation on the southwestern corner of 1st Avenue South and SW Campus Drive. The Community Business designation may be appropriate in other commercial nodes that have grown or are growing past the scale of the Neighborhood Business designation. The Community Business designation allows a broad mix of uses, including general, specialty, and service retail; commercial; office; commercial/residential mixed- 46 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-31 use; and supportive uses. This designation envisions mid-rise (three to seven stories), high quality developments containing a vibrant and compatible mix of well integrated and designed pedestrian-oriented and auto-oriented uses. Goal LUG6 Transform Community Business areas into vital, attractive, areas with a mix of uses that appeal to pedestrians, motorists, and residents, and enhance the community’s image. Goal LUG 7 Support the school district’s efforts to identify and plan for future school facility siting that meets the community’s needs; ensure the city’s land use codes are responsive to land use decisions and changes in state statutes; and, provide land use regulations that allow for the flexibility and creativity of good design. Policies LUP 7.1 Use Community Design Guidelines to promote common open space, public art, and plazas in commercial/residential mixed-use, and office developments. LUP 7.2 Use Community Design Guidelines to encourage commercial development to locate along the street edge (where deemed appropriate) and to provide pedestrian street access and interest. Provide direct pedestrian access and, attempt to meet ADA requirements, between developments and transit routes. LUP 7.3 Require development to be compatible and well-integrated into its surroundings and adjacent zones through site and building design and development standards that reduce or eliminate land use conflicts and nuisance impacts, and reduce risk to urban wildfires; ensure project aesthetics; promote sharing of public facilities and services; and improve vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow and safety, including access control and off-street interconnectivity between adjoining properties where feasible. LUP 7.4 Consider incorporation of ICC Wildland Urban Interface Code. LUP 397.5 Encourage transformation of the Pacific Highway (SR-99) Community Business corridors into quality retail/commercial mixed- use areas, designed to integrate auto, pedestrian, and transit circulation, and to improve traffic flow and safety, including access control and off-street interconnectivity between adjoining properties where feasible. Ccontinue to utilize Community Design Guidelines to ensure quality site and building design and functional and aesthetic compatibility between uses. Integration of pedestrian amenities and open space into retail and office development should also be encouraged. LUP 40 Encourage a range of pedestrian-oriented retail, while continuing to accommodate auto-oriented retail uses, and provide supportive uses to meet 47 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-32 the needs of residents and employees in the area. Neighborhood Business There are 14 various sized nodes of Neighborhood Business located throughout the City. These nodes are areas that provide retail and/or services to adjacent residential areas. The FWCP recognizes the importance of architectural and site design guidelines to provide compatibility between neighborhood business areas and adjacent neighborhoods. Neighborhood Business areas are intended to provide convenient goods (e.g., groceries and hardware) and services (e.g., dry cleaners, dentist, bank) at a pedestrian and neighborhood scale close to adjacent residential uses. Developments combining residential and commercial uses provide a convenient living environment within these nodes. In the future, attention should be given to design features that enhance the appearance or function of these areas. Improvements may include sidewalks, open space and street trees, and parking either on street or oriented away from the street edge. The function of neighborhood business areas can also be enhanced by safe pedestrian, bicycle, and transit connections to surrounding neighborhoods. The need to address expansion or intensification may occur in the future depending on population growth. Future neighborhood business locations should be carefully chosen and sized to meet the needs of adjacent residential areas. Chapter 12 of the FWCP, “The Twin Lakes Commercial District Sub-Area Plan,” addresses the Neighborhood Business zone centered on Campus Drive SW and SW 21st Avenue more specifically. Goal LUG7 Provide neighborhood and community scale retail centers for the City’s neighborhoods. Policies LUP 41 Integrate retail developments into surrounding neighborhoods through attention to quality design and function. LUP 42 Encourage pedestrian and bicycle access to neighborhood shopping and services. LUP 43 Encourage neighborhood retail and personal services to locate at appropriate locations where local economic demand and design solutions demonstrate compatibility with the neighborhood. LUP 44 Retail and personal services should be encouraged to group together within planned centers to allow for ease of pedestrian movement. LUP 45 Neighborhood Business centers should consist of neighborhood scale retail and personal services. LUP 46 Encourage commercial/residential mixed-use development in Neighborhood Business designations. 48 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-33 LUP 47 Support the provision of transit to Neighborhood Business areas. LUP 48 In designating new or expanding existing Neighborhood Business centers, the adjacent zoning and land use shall be carefully considered. New Neighborhood Business centers are most appropriately located adjacent to multi- family and high-density single-family residential areas. Commercial Recreation The Commercial Recreation designation acknowledges the unique recreational opportunity associated with the Wild Waves property. Wild Waves is an indoor/outdoor amusement facility most noted for its water park. A pre-annexation concomitant development agreement has established the comprehensive plan designation and zoning (Office Park-4) specifically for Wild Waves. Office Federal Way is well known for its quality office parks. Developments within the East and West Campus areas embody good design and are representative of desired future office park development. Office park development in West Campus has been complemented by the Weyerhaeuser Corporate Headquarters in East Campus. In 2014, the Weyerhaeuser Company announced that they plan to relocate their headquarters to Seattle in 2016. The City recognizes the opportunity presented by this large, well situated campus-like property. The City will work with the seller, future owner(s), and the surrounding community to realize the property’s potential, while maintaining compatibility with surrounding uses. Professional Office The Professional Office designation is intended to allow for well-designed small-scale office development compatible with adjacent residential neighborhoods. Office Park The Office Park designation includes the conventional OP zone as well as the OP-1, 2, and 3 zones, which are located in East Campus and governed by a pre-annexation concomitant development agreement between the City of Federal Way and the East Campus property owner(s). The Office Park designation emphasizes high quality office development that allows for a mix of office and compatible light manufacturing type activities. This classification also permits a limited amount of retail and warehouse support services. Corporate Park The Corporate Park designation applies to the Weyerhaeuser Corporate Campus generally located east of Interstate Highway 5. The property is a unique site, both in terms of its development capacity and natural features. Development standards and conditions for the Corporate Park designation are unique to Weyerhaeuser’s property and are outlined in a pre-annexation concomitant development agreement between the City and the Weyerhaeuser Company. The agreement governing the Corporate Park designation allows for a wide variety of uses, including, but not limited to, corporate offices, parks, production and light assembly of goods, conference center, warehousing and distribution, and forest uses. Accessory uses such as banking and financial services, restaurants, retail, and helistops are also allowed. This zoning presents unique opportunities for development. The City will evaluate how the property can best be utilized going forward. 49 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-34 Goals LUG 8 Coordinate with local and regional partners in land use planning. LUG8 Create office and corporate park development that is known regionally, nationally, and internationally for its design and function. Policies LUP 8.1 Coordinate with adjacent jurisdictions and affected agencies to ensure local land use decisions are considered beyond the city’s boundaries. LUG9 Work collaboratively to evaluate and realize the potential of the (former) Weyerhaeuser properties in East Campus. Policy LUP 49 In the East Campus Corporate Park area, encourage quality development that will complement existing uses and take advantage of good access to I-5, Highway 18 and future light rail as well as proximity to the City Center. City Center City Center Core The intent of establishing the City Center Core is to create a higher density, mixed-use designation where office, retail, government uses, and residential uses are concentrated. Other uses such as cultural/civic facilities and community services will be highly encouraged. City Center Frame The City Center Frame designation will have a look and feel similar to the Core and will provide a zone of less dense, commercial/residential mixed-use development physically surrounding a portion of the City Center Core. Together, they are meant to complement each other to create a “downtown” area. A more detailed description, along with goals and policies regarding the City Center Core and Frame, can be found in the City Center chapter. 2.8 HEALTHY FOOD ACCESS: URBAN AGRICULTURE Purpose Healthy food resources such as farmers markets, community gardens, pea patches, and urban farms provide public health and economic, social, and environmental benefits for the community. Many of these uses will be located in residential zones; therefore, it is important to ensure that the residential nature of existing neighborhoods is not negatively 50 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-35 impacted by noise, odor, stormwater runoff, or traffic that could potentially be generated by an urban agriculture use. Urban agriculture in Federal Way supports and encourages healthy and active lifestyles through a wide range of activities such as raising, cultivation, processing, marketing, and distribution of food in urban areas. Urban agriculture is sustainable as it contributes to quality of life by providing opportunities for community building and encourages social interaction for Federal Way’s diverse population. In addition, urban agriculture activities can contribute to the local economy by providing opportunities for residents to start and grow businesses such as urban farms and cottage food processing as well as by being a good steward of our environment. These policies are intended to increase access to healthy food choices for all Federal Way residents. Goal LUG 10 Provide access to healthy food resources for all residents through opportunities for urban agricultural activities, such as farmers markets, farmstands, community supported agriculture (CSA)2 drop-off sites, community gardens, pea patches, school gardens, home gardens, and urban farms. Policy LUP 50 Establish development regulations that allow for healthy food resources, such as urban agriculture and food banks as a permitted use and provide for on- site sale and delivery of healthy foods, on public and private property, where appropriate. Goal LUG 11 Encourage and support farmers’ market opportunities that are accessible to all residents. 2 Community-supported agriculture (CSA) is a food production and distribution system that directly connects farmers and consumers. Consumers buy “shares” in a farm’s harvest in advance. The term “CSA” is also used to refer to an individual farm’s CSA program. Urban Agriculture in Federal Way Community gardens School gardens Home gardens Pea- patches Urban farms Farmstands Farmers markets Cottage food processing CSA drop- off sites Source: City of Federal Way 51 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-36 Policies LUP 51 Establish development regulations that allow for farmers markets as a permitted use on public and private property, where appropriate. LUP 52 Encourage farmers market to accept public benefits such as food stamp electronic benefit cards, senior farmer market vouchers, and Women, Infant, Children (WIC) benefits. LUP 53 Coordinate with local and regional organizations to promote local farmers markets. Goal LUG 12 Promote urban agriculture activities through existing and new programming and partnerships. Policies LUP 54 Encourage and support the use of public lands for urban agricultural activities by establishing criteria for assessing suitable sites. LUP 55 Where appropriate, support joint-use agreements for publicly or privately owned sites for uses such as urban farms, community gardens, and pea patches. LUP 56 Consider development incentives, grants, and other funding sources to support development of urban agriculture sites and programming. 2.9 ESSENTIAL PUBLIC FACILITIES Essential public facilities include those facilities that are typically difficult to site, such as airports, state or regional transportation systems, correctional facilities, and mental health facilities. Pursuant to the GMA, no comprehensive plan can preclude the siting of essential public facilities and each should include a process for siting essential public facilities. The GMA includes these provisions because siting certain public facilities has become difficult due to the impacts many of these facilities have on the community. Title 19 of the Federal Way Revised Code (FWRC) defines essential public facilities and provides a land use process for siting them. Goal LUG13 Ensure the City complies with legal mandates to allow the siting of Essential Public Facilities. Policy LUP59 The FWRC shall include a process for siting essential public facilities. 52 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-37 2.10 PHASING Phasing focuses growth to those areas where public investments for services are targeted. By doing so, these areas become more attractive for development. Consistent with the CWPPs, Federal Way proposes to use a tiered system for accommodating future growth. The primary purpose of this technique is to assure a logical sequence of growth outward from developed areas. The City can influence phasing by choosing where and when to make strategic capital facility investments. Phased growth will promote efficient use of land by: • Reducing taxpayers costs by locating new development nearest to existing urban services; • Adding predictability to service and facility planning; • Reducing commuter miles and protecting air quality by locating housing and jobs near each other; • Encouraging in-fill and redevelopment where environmental impacts have already occurred; and • Reserving land for future parks and open space. Policies LUP60 Establish priority areas for public facility and service improvements, especially for transportation based on an adopted Capital Facilities Plan (CFP) and Transportation Improvement Program (TIP). Priority areas should be located where public facility and service improvements would effectively advance Federal Way’s growth vision. Priority areas will shift over time as improvements are installed and an acceptable level of service is attained. LUP61 When and where service deficiencies are identified, the City, along with service providers, will develop capital improvement programs to remedy identified deficiencies in a timely fashion or will phase growth until such programs can be completed. LUP62 Work with King County through an interlocal agreement to assign phasing to the City’s PAA. 2.11 INCENTIVES Incentives shall be used to direct development activity to desired locations, and to encourage the type and character of desired development. The City has adopted a Housing Tax Exemption for multi- family housing in the City Center and a Planned Action SEPA for a portion of the City Center. Incentives can play an important role in the 53 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-38 development of the City Center and must be substantial enough to influence market conditions by making them attractive to the development community. Policies LUP 63 Develop incentives to encourage desired development in commercial areas, especially in the City Center Core and Frame. LUP 64 Consider incentives for desired types of multi-family residential development (townhouses, duplexes, etc.). 2.12 HISTORIC RESOURCES Historic preservation involves the identification, maintenance, renovation, and reuse of buildings and sites important to a community’s history. Buildings or sites may be associated with a particular style or period in the community’s past, or with historic or significant historic events or persons. Historic preservation to date has largely been undertaken by the Historical Society of Federal Way. Historic preservation is listed as the 13th goal in the GMA which encourages jurisdictions to, “Identify and encourage the preservation of lands, sites, and structures, that have historical or archaeological significance.” Goal LUG 14 Use historic resources as an important element in the overall design of the City. Policies LUP 65 Identify vista points and historic buildings for preservation. LUP 66 Develop a process to designate historic landmark sites and structures. Use developer incentives or other mechanisms to ensure that these sites and structures will continue to be a part of the community. LUP 67 Recognize the heritage of the community by continuing to name (or rename) parks, streets, and other public places after major figures and/or events. LUP 68 Zoning should be compatible with and conducive to continued preservation of historic neighborhoods and properties. LUP 69 Safeguard and manifest Federal Way’s heritage by preserving those sites, buildings, structures, and objects which reflect significant elements of the City’s history. LUP 70 Work with the Historical Society of Federal Way to come up with a methodology to catalog historic sites using the City’s geographic information system. LUP 71 Undertake an effort to publicly commemorate historic sites. 54 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-39 LUP 72 The City shall continue to work with the Historical Society of Federal Way towards attainment of historic resource policies. 2.13 IMPLEMENTATION The following actions are recommended to implement the policy direction outlined in this chapter. Implementation will occur over time and is dependent on resources available to the City and community, level of private investments, and market conditions. The following items are not listed in order of importance or preference. Many of the implementation strategies identified in the past comprehensive plans have already been completed. Subarea Plans Over the years, citizens from various areas of the City have come forth to testify before the Planning Commission and City Council regarding their neighborhood or business area. Development of subarea plans can lead to area specific visions and policies. This type of specific planning, developed with citizen input and direction, can lead to improved confidence and ownership in the community. Areas where subarea planning should be considered include: SR-99 Corridor, South 348th Street area, and the South 356th area. Incentives Develop an incentives program, for both residential and commercial development. Incentives should be substantial enough to attract development and should be used to create affordable and desired types of housing and to encourage development within the City Center. Capital Facility Investment Invest in capital facilities in areas where development and redevelopment is intended to be directed. Table II-3 Land Use Classifications Comprehensive Plan Classification Zoning Classification Single Family – Low Density Residential Suburban Estates (SE), one dwelling unit per five acres Single Family – Medium Density Residential RS 35,000 & 15,000 Single Family – High Density Residential RS 9600, 7200, 5000 Multiple Family Residential RM 3600, 2400, 1800 55 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-40 City Center Core City Center Core City Center Frame City Center Frame Office Park Office Park, Office Park 1, 2, & 3 Professional Office Professional Office Community Business Community Business Commercial Enterprise Commercial Enterprise Neighborhood Business Neighborhood Business Corporate Park Corporate Park-1 Commercial Recreation Office Park-4 Open Space & Parks A variety of zoning is assigned. 2.4 MAPS 56 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-41 57 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-42 58 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 201524 II-43 59 of 219 60 of 219 61 of 219 62 of 219 CHAPTER TWO LAND USE 2.0 INTRODUCTION & VISION _________________________________ 1 2.1 LAND USE DESIGNATION __________________________________ 3 2.2 POTENTIAL ANNEXATION AREAS __________________________ 6 2.3 GOALS & POLICIES ________________________________________ 7 2.4 MAPS _______________________________ Error! Bookmark not defined. Commented [TW1]: PAGES NEED TO BE RENUMBERED 63 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-1 2.0 INTRODUCTION & VISION The Land Use Chapter establishes the framework for the City's expected growth and provides a guide for the distribution, type, and intensity of various uses of land within Federal Way. The Land Use Chapter (maps, goals and policies) serves as a guide to future decision making relating to property investments, land development, public services, and the provision of public infrastructure. Vision The City’s Comprehensive Plan anticipates, guides, and plans for growth in a way that helps the City achieve its vision for the future while satisfying the requirements of the Washington Growth Management Act (see discussion in the Introduction Chapter). Land use planning protects environmentally-sensitive lands and maintains the character of established neighborhoods while allowing the City to evolve to meet the changing needs of the community and the region. The Land Use Chapter ensures an appropriate mix of land uses (Figure LU-1) are available to:  support the City’s County-allocated growth targets;  achieve the City’s economic goals;  protect environmentally-sensitive lands;  provide appropriate land for recreation and services to residents and businesses; and,  provides choices for where to live. As Federal Way ages it will continue to grow, adding new housing units and employees. As the City plans for meeting its housing and employment targets, much of the growth will be focused in denser, mixed-use neighborhoods like City Center, Downtown, and the South Station subarea. The City’s land use vision for the next planning cycle (2024-2044) is responsive to the reality that the City has sought designations for a Regional Growth Center and a Countywide Center and those areas come with an expectation for minimum development densities (residential) and intensities (commercial) of uses. In addition, the City’s vision must adapt given recent legislation (HB 1220 and 1110) from Olympia for including permanent supportive housing and emergency shelters and densifying existing and planned single-family neighborhoods. As Federal Way grows and makes accommodations for growth in certain parts of the City (as identified above), Federal Way was founded on the strength of its existing neighborhoods and balancing the stability of those assets with the requirements for densification into the future is a primary part of the Land Use Vision for the City. From time to time, Federal Way may consider minor adjustments to land use designations and regulations to encourage minor amounts of small-scale infill redevelopment in existing residential neighborhoods, such as cottage housing, accessory dwelling units, infill dwellings, and limited neighborhood-serving retail, but major changes to stable neighborhoods would be inconsistent with the vision of this plan. The following Table (Figure LU-1) provides the current zoning allocation through the City. In addition, it provides the amount of capacity for growth and development/redevelopment under current zones. 64 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-2 Figure LU-1 (Land Use Allocation) ZONING DENSITY (Units per Acre) FLOOR AREA RATIO (FAR) Existing Available Capacity # acres Min Density Max. Density Min FAR Max FAR Residential Suburban Estates N/A 0.2 N/A RS 35.0 N/A 0.8 N/A RS15.0 N/A 2.9 N/A RS 9.6 N/A 4.5 N/A RS 7.2 N/A 6.1 N/A RS 5.0 N/A 8.7 N/A Multi-family RM 3600 N/A 12.1 N/A RM 2400 N/A 18.2 N/A RM1800 N/A 24.2 N/A Commercial CC-C 46 230 1.5 10 CC-F N/A 100 (estimated) N/A 0.9 (estimated) BC N/A 65 (estimated) N/A 0.9 (estimated) BN N/A 40 (estimated) N/A 0.5 (estimated) Office OP N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) PO N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) CP-1 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) OP-1 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) OP-2 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) OP-3 N/A N/A N/A 0.4 (estimated) Industrial CE N/A N/A N/A 0.9 (estimated) Although the Land Use designations are applied citywide, there are subareas within the city that have been the recipients of special planning efforts. The purpose of these subarea plans (Map LU-1) is to take a more-detailed look at a particular part of the city and to provide area-specific goals and policies and implementation strategies. 65 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-3 (Map LU-1) – Special Planning Areas To learn more about these special planning areas, refer to Chapter 7 (Centers) of the Comprehensive Plan. Information about Twin Lakes can be found by contacting the Planning division of the Community Development department. 2.1 LAND USE DESIGNATIONS The land use designations recognize the relationships between broad patterns of land uses. The designations set forth locational criteria for each specific class of uses consistent with the long-term objectives of the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan. These designations provide the purpose and intent for corresponding and consistent zoning districts (Table LU-1). The location of comprehensive plan land use designations are shown on the Comprehensive Plan Designations Map (Map II-2). Table LU-1 Land Use Designation – Zoning Correlation Zones Residential 1 Residential 2 Commercial Mixed Use – Non Centers Mixed Use - Centers Open space, Parks & Rec SE RS 35 RS 15 RS 9.6 RS 7.2 RS 5.0 RM 3600 RM 2400 RM 1800 CE PO OP OP(1-4) CP-1 BN Commented [KN2]: Requires update 66 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-4 BC CC-F CC-C Residential 1 This designation is the predominant land use category in the City. Residential 1 areas are predominantly suburban in character and provide for lower-density, single-family residential housing. With the mandated code changes for increased densities within the Urban Growth Area, Residential 1 will, over time and as supported by the market, transform into a mix of single-family detached lots and redeveloped lots with up to 6 units where previously 1 existed. Historic densities range from 1 home per 5 acres to 8.7 homes per acre, dependent upon the underlying zoning. Qualities associated with this designation include: low noise levels, limited traffic, private yards, and smaller-scale, setback buildings. Compatible non-residential uses such as schools, parks, day care, governmental facilities, and urban agriculture are allowed in some zones. In addition, this designation provides for the protection of non-open space, environmentally-sensitive parts of the City such as Dumas Bay and Camp Kilworth and recognizes that portions of the City are not served by urban infrastructure (i.e. water, sewer). It also provides for a diverse arrangement of interconnected subdivisions, neighborhoods, and communities that have a mix of densities and housing types. Maintaining and creating linkages to other residential areas and nonresidential areas is important for creating a connected community. Residential 2 The Residential 2 designation represents an opportunity to provide a range of housing types at higher densities than are supported by the Residential 1 designation, but not as dense as the Mixed-Use designations. Residential densities in this designation range from 12.1 residential units per acre to 24.2 residential units per acre, depending on the zone. Since building heights are capped at 3 stories (35 feet), most residences in this designation will be townhouses, duplexes, small-lot detached housing, and “woody- walkup” apartments. Compatible non-residential uses include schools, churches, recreation, parks, governmental facilities, and urban agriculture. This designation shares many of the same qualities as Residential 1 such as lower traffic volumes and noise, some building setbacks, and small-scale development, while allowing for multi-family uses and increased housing density along with community facilities and institutions. This designation can often act as a transition between the Residential 1 designation and higher density or non-residential designations. Commercial This designation is characterized by employment-generating land uses. Office, retail, manufacturing and warehousing/storage represent the majority of the uses in this designation, as allowed by the underlying zones. Other uses found in the commercial designation include: entertainment, schools, day care, hospitals, churches, hotels, and breweries. Because of the variety of uses allowed, many of these commercial areas will be economically vibrant and active outside of traditional work hours. Although built for 67 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-5 and served primarily by private vehicles, they should be developed to be accessible by foot, bike, car, and public transport as well. This designation is comprised of the CE, CP-1, OP and PO zones. Aside from an area on S 320th Street, the CE zone is generally limited to lands south of S 336th Street and are generally served by either Pacific Highway S or Enchanted Parkway/16th Avenue South. This designation is characterized by larger-scale buildings, longer operating hours, and moderate-to-high traffic generation. The CP-1 zone is limited to portions of the old Weyerhaeuser campus, east of I-5. The OP and PO zones include small-scale office and residentially-compatible employment opportunities, often clustered together and located on well-landscaped parcels and on collector streets such as 1st Avenue South and S 320th Street, west of 8th Avenue S. Mixed Use – Non-Centers The Mixed Use – Non-Centers designation is for land used for a mixture of residential and commercial uses on a site. Mixed-use development can take a variety of forms, but often is categorized as either vertical mixed-use (residential and non-residential uses located in the same building) or horizontal mixed-use (residential and non-residential uses located on the same parcel, but in different buildings). Basic criteria for development include reasonable scale with the surrounding neighborhood, and engagement with the street frontage. This designation includes the CC-F, BC, and BN zones. The Neighborhood Business zone provides retail and/or services to adjacent residential areas. Architectural and site design guidelines are utilized to ensure compatibility between neighborhood business areas and adjacent neighborhoods. Neighborhood Business areas are intended to provide convenient goods (e.g., groceries and hardware) and services (e.g., dry cleaners, dentist, bank) at a pedestrian and neighborhood scale close to adjacent residential uses. The Community Business designation allows a broad mix of uses, including general, specialty, and service retail; commercial; office; commercial/residential mixed-use; and supportive uses. This designation envisions denser, high-quality development containing a vibrant and compatible mix of uses. The Community Business designation may be appropriate in other commercial nodes that have grown or are growing past the scale of the Neighborhood Business designation. The City Center Frame designation will have a look and feel similar to the Mixed Use – Centers designation and will provide a zone of less dense, commercial/residential mixed- use development physically surrounding a portion of the City Center Core. The Frame is also intended to provide a transition between the densely-developed Core and adjoining residential neighborhoods. Mixed Use – Centers This designation represents the Regional Growth Center and the South Station subarea. The Regional Growth Center has been part of the City’s plans for a number of years and should not contain any properties zoned other than City Center Core. The Countywide Center, however, is anchored by a future light rail station anticipated to 68 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-6 be operational in the mid 2030’s. For this area, zoning will transform over time and may contain City Center Core, CE, RM1800, and RS15 zones. The introduction of new zoning for this area that allows for the development of dense housing is appropriate in advance of the station opening to allow for this area’s transition from an employment dominated area to one that is mixed use. Parks and Recreation and Open Space Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) designation applies to parks, public and privately-owned recreational areas, urban forests, and public open-space areas. Lands within this designation include both natural open space areas and active use parks and recreational areas. Natural open space is intended to be conserved and enhanced through habitat restoration and vegetation management to maximize its environmental, habitat, and stormwater benefits, along with low-impact public access such as natural area trails and viewpoints, when appropriate. Parks and recreation lands are intended to provide opportunities for active recreation such as playfields and sports facilities, and urban amenities such as plazas, pocket parks and community gardens, but may also be utilized for governmental facilities. The PROS designation acknowledges the unique recreational opportunity associated with Wild Waves property. Enchanted Park is an indoor/outdoor amusement facility most noted for its water park and is zoned OP-4. Other areas include the system of properties tied to the Hylebos wetlands and Spring Valley. 2.2 POTENTIAL ANNEXATION AREAS The City of Federal Way Potential Annexation Areas (PAAs) was established through a series of interlocal agreements between the City of Federal Way and neighboring South King County cities. As part of the Growth Management Act, areas within the King County Urban Growth Boundary are intended to be served by urban services. Potential Annexation Areas (PAAs) are unincorporated areas of King County within the Urban Growth Area (UGA). Federal Way’s PAAs are located adjacent to the City where the City is expected to provide public services and utilities following an annexation process. The City’s remaining potential annexation areas are located east of I-5 (see Map LU-4). Based on a land use survey conducted in 2013, the land use designation for the PAAs are broken out in Figure LU-2. Figure LU-2 (PAA Land Use Allocation) Designation # acres % Commercial 0.04 Low Density Residential 90.82 Medium Density Residential 5.05 Mixed Use 0.51 Open Space, Parks & Recreation 3.59 Regional Growth Center 0 Undesignated 0 69 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-7 Goal LUG PAA 1 Respect the character, integrity, and unique qualities of PAA neighborhoods through the annexation process. Policies LUP PAA 1.1 The City zoning designations for annexed properties should consider existing King County zoning designations and PAA growth targets; providing a variety of housing types; and, other City Goals and Policies of this Comprehensive Plan as part of the annexation process. LUP PAA 1.2 Seek to expand the area of annexation proposals when such an expansion would serve to make city boundaries more regular or where the area to be served is a logical extension of city service capabilities and is within a defined potential annexation area. LUP PAA 1.3 Encourage neighborhood retail and personal services to locate at appropriate locations where local economic demand and design solutions demonstrate compatibility with nearby neighborhoods. Goal LUG PAA 2 The City shall work with King County to strategically annex identified Potential Annexation Areas. Policies LUP PAA 2.1 Prior to initiation of an annexation, an updated inventory shall be conducted to understand zoning, existing uses, and infrastructure conditions of the area under consideration. LUP PAA 2.2 The City shall be responsive to requests for annexation. LUP PAA 2.3 Ensure the ability of the annexation area or King County to pay the determined fair share of required services prior to annexation. 2.3 GOALS & POLICIES This section contains the goals and policies of the Land Use Chapter of the Comprehensive Plan for properties located within the City’s jurisdiction. (There are additional goals and policies relating to potential annexation areas found in Section 2.4). Goals and Policies addressing the overall land use vision and the interplay of various land uses is contained in this Chapter. Goals LUG 1 Support a land use framework and regulations that implement the goals of the Growth Management Act; are responsive to changes in state statutes; support VISION 2050 Regional Growth Strategy and King County Countywide Planning Policies; include policies addressing environmental justice; and, provides sufficient actions to accomplish the goals and 70 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-8 policies contained in this plan. Policies LUP 1.1 Strongly discourage the spread of commercial zoning and uses into residentially-designated areas. Instead, strongly encourage the more intensive utilization of existing commercial and mixed-use areas for commercial purposes, mixed-residential use, and public activities. LUP 1.2 Discourage speculative rezoning and require applicants provide market- based data and analyses to support rezoning requests. LUP 1.3 Foster a diverse community comprised of neighborhoods that provide a range of housing options; a vibrant City Center; well designed and functioning mixed-use, commercial and office areas; and distinctive neighborhood retail areas. LUP 1.4 The FWRC shall include a process and standards for siting essential public facilities. LUP 1.5 Land Use decisions shall not exacerbate environmental health disparities. LUP 1.6 Track progress toward increasing health equity and ensuring environmental justice throughout the city. Goals LUG 2 Develop an efficient, predictable, transparent, fair and timely development review process based on a public/private partnership. Policies LUP 2.1 Maximize efficiency and predictability of the development review process and conduct regular reviews of development regulations to determine how to improve upon the permit review process. LUP 2.2 Assist developers with proposals by continuing to offer preapplication meetings in order to produce projects that will be reviewed efficiently. . LUP 2.3 Integrate and coordinate construction of public infrastructure with private development to minimize costs wherever possible. LUP 2.4 Look to incorporate new technologies to improve permit processing times. LUP 2.5 Ensure noticing of land use decisions is inclusive and accessible to all members of the community. LUP 2.6 Consider and minimize potential impacts due to displacement resulting from land use decisions. Goals LUG 3 Periodically update the city inventory of buildable land capacity and evaluate development activity and achieved densities to ensure that the city is able to meet its regionally-adopted housing and employment targets over the next 20 years as well as the criteria for the city’s Centers. Policies LUP 3.1 Designate and zone land to provide for Federal Way’s share of regionally adopted demand forecasts for residential, commercial, and industrial uses 71 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-9 for the next 20 years. LUP 3.2 Accommodate a majority of the city’s growth in the Regional Growth Center and Countywide Center. LUP 3.3 Evaluate household and employment inventory and forecasts on a periodic basis to ensure that land use policies and regulations based on previous assumptions remain relevant. Goals LUG 4 Preserve and protect Federal Way’s neighborhoods. Policies LUP 4.1 Maintain and protect the character of existing neighborhoods through strict enforcement of the City’s land use regulations. LUP 4.2 Support the continuation of a strong residential community. LUP 4.3 Protect residential areas from impacts of adjacent non-residential uses. Goals LUG 4 Provide a complete range of land uses and densities to ensure the community achieves the diversity needed to be a vibrant community. Policies LUP 4.1 Allow and encourage a variety of multi-family housing types in designated commercial areas, especially in the City Center Core and City Center Frame areas. LUP 4.2 Provide employment and business opportunities by allocating adequate land for commercial, office, and industrial development. LUP 4.3 Distribute park, urban agricultural sites, and recreational opportunities equitably throughout the City. LUP 4.4 Establish development regulations that allow for healthy food resources, such as urban agriculture and food banks as a permitted use and provide for on-site sale and delivery of healthy foods, on public and private property, where appropriate. LUP 4.5 Continue to consider special development techniques (e.g., lot size averaging, cottage housing, accessory dwelling units, townhomes, duplexes, and planned unit developments) in single-family areas provided they result in residential development consistent with the quality and character of existing neighborhoods. 72 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-10 Goals LUG 5 Develop commercial areas characterized by viable, vibrant, and attractive mix of commercial, retail, office, industrial, and supportive uses and utilize locational and design criteria to ensure compatibility between uses. Policies LUP 5.1 Require commercial development to be compatible and well integrated into its surroundings through site and building design and development standards that reduce or eliminate land use conflicts and nuisance impacts; ensure project aesthetics; promote sharing of public facilities and services; and improve vehicular and pedestrian traffic flow and safety, including access control and off-street interconnectivity between adjoining properties where feasible. LUP 5.2 Consider minimizing impacts from traffic flows, loading bays and outdoor storage for heavy industrial uses during the site plan review process. Goals LUG 6 Provide land use regulations that allow for the flexibility and creativity of good design and the incorporation of sound planning principles. Policies LUG 6.1 Use Community Design Guidelines and other tools to promote common open space, public art, and plazas in commercial/residential mixed-use, and office developments. 73 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-11 LUP 6.2 Use Community Design Guidelines and other tools to require commercial development to locate along the street edge (where deemed appropriate) and to provide pedestrian street access and interest. Provide direct pedestrian access and, attempt to meet ADA requirements, between developments and transit routes. LUP 6.3 Use development standards and design guidelines to maintain neighborhood character and ensure compatibility with surrounding uses. LUP 6.4 Use design guidelines and performance standards to create attractive and desirable commercial, office and commercial/residential mixed-use developments. LUP 6.5 Regularly audit existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new developments. LUP 6.6 Use design and performance standards to integrate multi-family development into commercial developments as commercial/ residential mixed-use development. Performance standards should focus on scale, appearance, and compatibility. LUP 6.7 Revise existing land use regulations to provide for innovation and flexibility in the design of new single-family developments and in-fill. LUP 6.8 Consider incorporation of ICC Wildland Urban Interface Code. LUP 6.9 Allow general and specialty retail uses that serve the needs of people employed or residing in the local area, as well as “destination” retail and wholesale businesses that may serve a broader consumer base vis-à-vis the area’s convenient access to Interstate 5 and Highway 18. Goals 74 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-12 LUG 7 Coordinate with local and regional partners in land use planning. Policies LUP 7.1 Coordinate with adjacent jurisdictions, the tribes, and affected agencies to ensure local land use decisions are considered beyond the city’s boundaries. LUP 7.2 Coordinate with local and regional organizations to promote local farmers markets. 75 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-13 76 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Two, Land Use Revised 2024 II-14 77 of 219 78 of 219 79 of 219 80 of 219 S t a f f R e p o r t DATE: April 10, 2024 TO: Federal Way Planning Commission FROM: Evan Lewis, Senior Planner SUBJECT: Briefing – Capital Facilities Chapter of Comprehensive Plan BACKGROUND Staff updates to the Capital Facilities Chapter focused on refreshing or clarifying background information and relevant statistics; adding information about new capital facilities; removing or simplifying unnecessary information that doesn’t need to be shown in the body of a comprehensive plan chapter; clarifying unclear information; reframing how external plans are referenced; establishing a chapter Vision statement; and updating goals and policies consistent with city priorities and with state, regional and county planning requirements. CHAPTER FORMAT • Introduction and Vision: Added ‘Vision’ and both an ‘Introduction’ and ‘Vision’ subsection consistent with other chapters. • Deleted Policy Background: Deleted section consistent with new format for all chapters. • Funding Capital Facilities: Section/subsection headers unchanged. Updates reflect the latest levels of service and funding sources information. • Surface Water: Section/subsection headers unchanged. Information updated consistent with the most recent (2021) Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan. • Transportation: Section header unchanged. This brief section references the Comprehensive Plan Transportation Chapter for complete transportation capital facilities information. Edits are for clarity. • Parks & Recreation: Deleted all existing subsections since complete Parks & Recreation capital facilities information will be referenced in the Parks & Recreation Chapter and the Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan. A new main section description is added, similar to Transportation section, for clarity. • Community Facilities: Consolidated information about some facilities in a new “Community Gathering Facilities” subsection. Deleted two subsections about 1) PAEC which didn’t need its own subsection, and 2) a different facility that appears to longer part of the city’s planning. Consolidated or clarified information in a new “Summary of Existing Facilities and Future Needs.” Also deleted a long Parks capital projects list since it’s redundant with a list currently found, and being updated, in the PROS Plan. Other edits refresh information and provide clarity. • School Facilities: Deleted all subsections since complete schools capital facilities information is found in the Federal Way Public Schools (FWPS) Capital Facilities Plan incorporated by reference; the section description is updated to reflect this. • Water Systems: Section/subsection headers unchanged. Content updated primarily with new information from Lakehaven, but also from Highline Water District and Tacoma Water. • Sewer Systems: Section/subsection headers unchanged. Content updated primarily with new information from Lakehaven, but also from Midway Sewer District. • Fire Facilities: Section/subsection and most content currently unchanged. However, this section likely contains outdated information and updates are pending from South King Fire (SKF). • Goals and Policies: Updated consistent with city priorities and state, regional and county requirements. 33325 8th Avenue South Federal Way, WA 98003-6325 253-835-7000 www.cityoffederalway.com Jim Ferrell, Mayor 81 of 219 2 • Appendix: Added section to list all plans incorporated by reference and to list maps referenced in chapter. Updates are pending for some maps. The proposed list of maps is reduced from 11 maps in the current chapter to three in the updated chapter. Maps proposed for deletion are labeled as such in the attached chapter. Some images in the chapter may change before the final draft of this chapter. Numbering of each image, table and map will also occur at a later date as the number of images and maps may change. GOALS AND POLICIES SUMMARY For goals and policies not listed, there were either no changes or no changes of substance to their meaning and/or intent. Goals or Policy Changed Reason for Change All Goals: Deleted goal intent statements that follow each goal and provide more context for the goal. Consistency with the new goals/policies format of all other chapters. CFG1 RegularlyAnnually update the Capital Facilities Plans to implement the FWCP by coordinating urban services, land use decisions, level of service standards, and financial resources with a fully funded schedule of capital improvements. Some of the capital facilities plans that are incorporated by reference don’t need to be updated annually. CFP1.4 ReferenceAdopt by reference all capital facilities plans and future amendments prepared by other special districts that provide services within the City to support implementation of the FWCP. These plans must be consistent with the Consistency with how such external capital facilities plans are referenced throughout the chapter. CFP1.5 RAdopt by reference the annual update of the Federal Way Capital Improvement Program for parks/recreation, surface water management, and the Transportation Improvement Program to support implementation of the FWCP. Consistency with how such external capital facilities plans are referenced throughout the chapter. CFG3 Provide capital facilities to serve and direct future growth within Federal Way and its Potential Annexation Area asas it they further develops. Removed PAA reference to ensure goals/policies focus on existing city boundaries. CFP3.517 Continue to iImplement a concurrency management system which permits project approval only after a finding is made that there is capacity available in the transportation system sufficient to maintain the adopted level of service standard. Policy’s implementation is ongoing, so it’s worth keeping the policy but reworded to clarify it’s already being implemented. CFP3.618 The provision of urban services shall be Ccoordinated the provision of urban services to ensure that areas identified for urban expansion growth are accompanied with the maximum possible use of existing facilities and cost- effective service provisions and extensions The comp plan focuses on growth management within current city boundaries, so policy updated to reflect that. 82 of 219 3 Goals or Policy Changed Reason for Change while ensuring the protection and preservation of resources. CFP20 Purchase property in the Potential Annexation Area and keep it in reserve for future City parks and surface water facilities. Removed to say consistent with the level at which PAA is addressed in other chapters. CFP3.9 Require connection to sanitary sewer service where sewer service is available and where there would be no harm to environmental critical areas.. Consistency with countywide planning policies (policy PF-12), PSRC policies, norms and best practices of most other jurisdictions, and environmental best practices. CFP4.325 Pursue funding strategies that require new growth and development to pay its fair share of the cost of facilities that are required to maintain adopted level of service standards. One such strategy that should be implemented in the near term is an impact fee program for parks. Park Impact Fee (PIF) established in 2023, so PIF portion of this policy is completed. CFP5.4 Establish new or expanded sites for public facilities, utilities, and infrastructure in a manner that ensures disaster resiliency and public service recovery. Consistency with countywide planning policy #PF-27. CFG7 Ensure planning and siting for all capital facilities is conducted in an environmentally sound, socially equitable and inclusive manner. Consistency with several countywide and PSRC planning policies. CFP7.1 Inform the siting or expansion of essential public facilities or facilities of regional importance using a process that incorporates broad public involvement, especially from historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities, and that equitably disperses impacts and benefits while supporting the Countywide Planning Policies. Consistency with various countywide and PSRC planning policies, but most notably countywide planning policy #PF-24. CFP7.2 Work toward more affordable and equitable access to public facilities throughout Federal Way, with a particular focus on identifying coverage gaps and supporting increased access by historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities. Consistency with several countywide and PSRC planning policies, and planning best practices. CFP7.3 Consider climate change, economic, equity, and health impacts when supporting the siting and building of essential public services and facilities. Consistency with several countywide and PSRC planning policies – most notably countywide planning policy PF-25 – and planning best practices CFP7.4 Implement water conservation and efficiency efforts to protect natural resources, reduce environmental impacts, and support a sustainable long-term water supply to serve the growing population. Consistency with several countywide and PSRC planning policies, but most notably countywide planning policy PF-10. 83 of 219 4 Goals or Policy Changed Reason for Change CFP7.5 Identify opportunities for water reuse and reclamation by high-volume non-potable water users such as parks, schools, and golf courses, and require where feasible. Consistency with countywide and PSRC planning policies, but most notably countywide planning policy PF-11. IMPLEMENTATION Planning staff anticipate briefing the Planning Commission on an implementation appendix at the June 5 Planning Commission meeting. That appendix will include actions for implementing policies in all Comprehensive Plan chapters. ATTACHMENTS 1. Draft updated Capital Facilities Comprehensive Plan chapter; a version showing track-changed edits, and a version showing all edits accepted. 84 of 219 CHAPTER SIX CAPITAL FACILITIES 6.1 INTRODUCTION & VISION 1 Introduction Vision 6.2 POLICY BACKGROUND 1 The Growth Management Act 1 VISION 2040 2 Countywide Planning Policies 2 6.36.2 FUNDING CAPITAL FACILITIES 3 Level of Service 3 Concurrency 4 Impact Fees 4 Funding/Financing 5 6.46.3 SURFACE WATER 5 Inventory of Existing Facilities 5 Forecast of Future Needs 7 Locations and Capacities of Future Facilities 7 Finance Plan 7 6.56.4 TRANSPORTATION 9 6.66.5 PARKS AND RECREATION 9 Inventory of Existing Facilities 9 Forecast of Future Needs 10 Locations & Capacities of Future Facilities 11 Finance Plan 11 6.76.6 COMMUNITY FACILITIES 11 Projected Community Needs 13 Community Gathering Facilities Municipal Facilitiesy (General Government, Police, and Court Operations) 14 85 of 219 Maintenance Facility 14 Performing Arts and Events Center 15 Multipurpose Competitive Sports Center 16 Public Parking Facility 16 Summary of Existing Facilities and Future Needs Financing Plan 16 6.86.7 SCHOOL FACILITIES 17 Inventory of Existing Facilities 17 Program Capacity 17 Forecast of Future Needs – Student Forecasts 18 Location of New and Improved School Facilities 19 Finance Plan 19 6.96.8 WATER SYSTEMS 21 Inventory of Existing Facilities 21 Forecast of Future Needs 23 Expanded and Improved Facilities 23 Finance Plan 24 6.106.9 SEWER SYSTEMS 25 Inventory of Existing Facilities 25 Forecast of Future Needs 25 Expanded and Improved Facilities 26 Finance Plan 26 6.10.16.9.1 FIRE FACILITIES 27 Emergency Medical Services 28 Inventory and Capacity of Existing Facilities 28 Forecast of Future Needs 29 Location and Capacity of Expanded or New Facilities 29 Funding Plan 30 6.11 GOALS AND POLICIES 31 6.12 APPENDIX 86 of 219 Maps Map VI-1, Federal Way Drainage Basins Map VI-2, Surface Water Trunk System Map VI-3, Park Planning Areas Map VI-4, Major Parks and Open Spaces Map VI-4A, Potential Location of City Center Public Open Space Map VI-5, City Facilities Map VI-6, Federal Way School District #210 Map VI-7, Lakehaven Water Service Area Map VI-8, Highline & Tacoma Water Service Area Map VI-9, Lakehaven Sewer Area Map VI-10, South King Fire and Rescue Temporary Editor’s Note: Maps now listed in appendix at the end 87 of 219 This page intentionally left blank. 88 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-5 6.1 INTRODUCTION & VISION Introduction The Capital Facilities chapter addresses public facilities and services necessary to support Federal Way’s planned growth. The City of Federal Way is expected to add 8,10011,260 new housing units and 12,30020,460 new jobs between the years 201906 and 204431. This growth will stimulate the local economy and maintain a diverse and vibrant community. It will also generate a corresponding demand for new public services and facilities, such as schools, parks, and streetsfor stormwater management, transportation improvements, new parks and other community facilities, schools, water and sewer utilities, and fire facilities. These new facilities, and the financial implications they will have for Federal Way and its citizens, are the subject of this chapter. Capital Facilities Vision Capital facilities in Federal Way provide safe and reliable urban services that accommodate the City’s expected growth, respond and adapt to unexpected changes and needs, and position the City to achieve its 20-year vision and growth management priorities. Capital Facilities are provided through seamless and efficient collaboration and communication both internally within the City and in partnership with outside agencies and special districts. 6.0 POLICY BACKGROUND The Growth Management Act (GMA), VISION 2040, and the King County Countywide Planning Policies (CWPPs) call for a full range of urban services in the Urban Growth Area (UGA) to support the Regional Growth Strategy. They also state that facilities should be sited in ways to avoid adverse social, environmental, and economic impacts. Temporary Editor’s Note: This open space photo will be replaced by the multiple capital facilities photo above. Track changes just doesn’t show it. 89 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-6 The Growth Management Act RCW 36.70A.020, Planning Goals of GMA refers to capital facilities planning in two of the 13 statewide planning goals. The two relevant goals are: Urban growth. Encourage development in urban areas where adequate public facilities and services exist or can be provided in an efficient manner. Public facilities and services. Ensure that those public facilities and services necessary to support development shall be adequate to serve the development at the time the development is available for occupancy and use without decreasing current service levels below locally established minimum standards. More specifically, the GMA mandates that the City prepare a capital facilities plan which contains the following components: An inventory of existing facilities owned by public entities, showing the locations and capacities of the facilities. A forecast of the future needs for such facilities. The proposed locations and capacities of expanded or new facilities. • At least a six-year financing plan that will finance such facilities and clearly identify sources of public money for such purposes. • A requirement to reassess the Land Use chapter if probable funding falls short of meeting existing needs, and to ensure that the land use element, capital facilities plan element, and financing plan within the capital facilities element are coordinated and consistent. The GMA requires that park and recreation facilities be included in the capital facilities plan. In the pages that follow, this chapter complies with the GMA requirements for a capital facilities plan. VISION 2040 90 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-7 VISION 2040 contains multi-county planning policies (MPPs) that provide a policy framework for the region to maintain the health, safety, and economic vitality of our communities. The overarching goal of VISION 2040 is for the region to support development with adequate public facilities and services in a coordinated, efficient, and cost-effective manner that supports local and regional growth planning objectives. • New development needs new or expanded public services and infrastructure. At the same time, existing facilities require ongoing maintenance and upgrading. Taking advantage of renewable resources and using efficient and environmentally sensitive technologies can curb some of the need for new infrastructure. VISION 2040 also promotes supporting the Regional Growth Strategy by locating major investment in centers. Countywide Planning Policies The CWPPs must be consistent with both the GMA and VISION 20402050. The CWPPs calls for all jurisdictions to work together and consider environmental justice principles when siting capital facilities. The CWPPs (originally adopted in 1992, and amended in 1994 and 2012) contain a number of goals and policies regarding capital facilities and the provision of urban services. Examples of these goals and policies follow: EN-4 Identify and preserve regionally significant open space networks in both Urban and Rural areas. Develop strategies and funding to protect lands that provide valuable functions such as, active and passive outdoor recreation opportunities; wildlife habitat and migration corridors that preserve and enhance ecosystem resiliency in the face of urbanization and climate change; and preservation of ecologically sensitive, scenic, or cultural resources. EN-14 Manage natural drainage systems to improve water quality and habitat functions, minimize erosion and sedimentation, protect public health, reduce flood risks, and moderate peak stormwater runoff rates. Work cooperatively among local, regional, state, national, and tribal jurisdictions to establish, monitor, and enforce consistent standards for managing streams and wetlands throughout drainage basins. T‐3 Increase the share of trips made countywide by modes other than driving alone through coordinated land use planning, public and private investment, and programs focused on centers and connecting corridors, consistent with locally adopted mode split goals. PF‐5 Support efforts to ensure that all consumers have access to a safe, reliably maintained, and sustainable drinking water source that meets present and future needs. PF‐11 Require all development in the Urban Growth Area to be served by a public sewer system except: Single‐family residences on existing individual lots that have no feasible access to sewers may utilize individual septic systems on an interim basis; or Development served by alternative technology other than septic systems that: provide equivalent performance to sewers; provide the capacity to achieve planned densities; and will not create a barrier to the extension of sewer service within the Urban Growth Area. 91 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-8 6.2 FUNDING CAPITAL FACILITIES Level of Service To prepare a Capital Facilities chapter, one of the first decisions a jurisdiction must make involves establishing a level of service (LOS) standard. AThe level of service (LOS), per WAC 365-196-210, standard refers tois “an established minimum capacity of public facilities or services that must be provided per unit of demand or other appropriate measure of need. Level of service standards are synonymous with locally established minimum standards.” In short, it is the amount and quality of services and facilities that a community wants. For example, the LOS for a parks system is usually described in terms of the number of acres of parkland per 1,000 population. If a community has a strong desire for a good parks system, it will establish a higher LOS standard for itself, maybe something on the order of 20 acres of park per 1,000 residents. On the other hand, 20 acres of developed parkland is higher levels of service are more expensive to acquire, develop, operate, and maintain. As a result, the community may be forced, for financial reasons, to accept a lower LOS standard. AIn any event, adopting a LOS standards for all of the services and facilities the City provides would help it: 1) evaluate how well it is serving existing residents; and 2) determine how many new facilities will have to be constructed to service new growth and development. Levels of services are established for different capital facilities in each of the following plans that are incorporated by reference, as now or hereafter amended, into the Capital Facilities chapter: o Transportation Chapter of Federal Way Comprehensive Plan o Federal Way 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan o Federal Way Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan o Federal Way Public Schools 2024 Capital Facilities Plan o Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Comprehensive Water System Plan o Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Comprehensive Wastewater System Plan o South King Fire Strategic Leadership Plan Concurrency In addition to mandating that a Capital Facilities chapter be included in comprehensive plans, the GMA also introduced the concept of concurrency. In general terms, concurrence describes the situation where adequate and necessary public services and facilities are available “concurrent” with the impacts of new development, or within a specified time thereafter.Concurrency, per WAC 365-196-210, means that “adequate public facilities are available when the impacts of development occur, or within a specified time thereafter.” Concurrency has two levels of applicability. The first is at the planning level and refers to all services and facilities, over the long term, and at the citywide scale. Planning level concurrency is what this chapter is all aboutaddressed in this chapter. It inventories all existing facilities and services, establishes a LOS standard for each, estimates new facility requirements to accommodate projected growth, and develops a financing plan that identifies the revenues necessary to pay for all the new facilities. If the necessary revenues are not available, then the jurisdiction fails the planning level concurrency test and must take appropriate action. Those 92 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-9 actions include lowering the LOS standard, raising taxes, restricting growth, or a combination of these actions. This chapter satisfies the planning level concurrency requirement as outlined in the GMA. The second level of concurrency analysis is project specific and only required for transportation facilities. Specifically, the GMA (RCW 36.70A. 070[6]) states: “...local jurisdictions must adopt and enforce ordinances which prohibit development approval if the development causes the level of service on a locally owned transportation facility or locally or regionally operated transportation facility to decline below the standards adopted in the transportation element of the comprehensive plan, unless transportation improvements or strategies to accommodate the impacts of development are made concurrent with the development.” That same section goes on to say that “concurrent with the development” means that improvements or strategies are in place at the time of development, or that a financial commitment is in place to complete the improvements or strategies within six years. Although project level concurrency is only required for transportation system facilities, WAC 365-196-840(1)(c) states that, “With respect to facilities other than transportation facilities, counties and cities may fashion their own regulatory responses and are not limited to imposing moratoria on development during periods when concurrency is not maintained.” The City adopted a Transportation Concurrency Management System, which became effective January 1, 2007. Impact Fees Local jurisdictions planning under the GMA are authorized to assess impact fees for development activity as part of financing for public facilities, such as parks, transportation, and schools. The fire district also has a direct impact on their level of service based on growth and thus, is working both locally and legislatively to ensure that they also secure additional revenue sources to offset the impacts to service receive impact fees directly related to growth. Impact fees must be based on an adopted capital facilities plan. In addition, the collected fees must be used for projects that are reasonably related to and will reasonably benefit the development paying the fees. The fees must also be used within a specified time from the date they were collected or returned to the payee. Impact fees may be imposed for system improvement costs previously incurred to the extent that new growth and development will be served by the previously constructed improvements, provided they not be imposed to make up for any system improvement deficiencies. To impose an impact fee program, the City must have a plan in place to make up any existing system deficiencies. As of the time of this periodic update, Federal Way has adopted the ability to charge Parks, School, and Traffic Impact Fees. Funding/Financing Typically, cities and the residents they service would like to have higher LOS standards than 93 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-10 they can afford. Federal Way has worked hard to provide the highest LOS possible without raising taxes. However, Typically, cities and the residents they service would like to have higher LOS standards than they can afford.all cities face demands for services that exceed available funding. It is a difficult balance to maintain and the City is currently exploring options to pay forThe city continually seeks options to fund capital facilities and the associated maintenance and operations costs. If the City decides to generate additional revenues to fund capital facilities, there are several sources available. • Some of these revenues areOn-going revenue: “on-going” in the sense that Tthe City levies the taxes and collects otherthe revenues are added to in the City’s general fund on an annual basis. On-goingCurrent taxing revenues include property taxes, sales taxes, utility taxes, and a real estate excise tax (REET). The City also charges impact fees., New taxes could include business and occupation tax or employee tax, additional taxes coming from a Tax Increment Financing area, and business improvement area tax.and business and occupation taxes. • The other category of funds is called “Oone time” funds are those because that the City cannot count on having these funds available on an annual basis. These funds include bond sales and grants such as, TEA-21, IAC, and Urban Arterial Fund moneystate and federal transportation, parks and stormwater management grants, and the sale of real property. On-going funds can be used for either capital facilities, debt service or maintenance and operations. However, it is prudent financial management and adopted City policy Othat one-time funds may be used only for capital improvements, or one-time spending. As is discussed later in this chapter,For example, the City proposed two bond issues to finance capital facilities in the Fall of 1995 and . As part of that bond issue, voters approved a permanent utility tax to pay for the maintenance and operations costs associated with new capital facilities. The City currently has the following General Obligation bonds as of the end of 20213: Bond In Millions Community Center Bond $12.257.125 Valley Communication Bond $0.43 SCORE Bond $14.339.335 PAEC (LTGO) $3.035 PAEC (Sect. 108) $1.917 6.3 SURFACE WATER Inventory of Existing Facilities Natural Systems The City of Federal Way drains to four five major drainage basins: the Hylebos Creek, Lower Puget Sound, Green River, and Mill Creek basins. The Hylebos Creek Basin consists of the East and West Hylebos sub-basins divided geographically in the vicinity of the Interstate 5 alignment. The Lower Puget Sound Basin consists of the Dumas Bay, Joe’s Temporary Editor’s Note: Valley Com row will ultimately be deleted. Row is left in for now since track changes doesn’t show row deletions 94 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-11 Creek, Lakota Creek, Mirror Lake, Central Puget SoundCold Creek, Redondo Creek, Central Puget Sound, Poverty Bay, and Lower North Puget Sound, and Browns-Dash sub-basins. Map VI-1 shows the planning area boundary and major drainage basin boundaries. Map VI-2 shows the major features of the natural system. The natural systems have been reviewed on a sub-basin level. This sub-basin information is contained in the City’s 2015 Comprehensive Surface Water Plan Update (2015 Surface Water Plan Update2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan and 2023 West Hylebos Stormwater Management Action Plan). Man-Made System The City maintains a comprehensive GIS inventory of storm drainage assets in the City (available for download from the City’s website). Map VI-2 shows existing regional facilities, storm drain trunk lines and streams. Based on the latest available dataAs of 2014, public storm drain assets include: • Over 228 386 miles of storm drainage pipe • Over 89 91 miles of open channels and ditches • Over 12,25021,735 junction structures (catch basins, manholes, flow splitters, etc.) • 271 outfalls • 47 165 bio swales facilities • 11 19 coalescing plate filterssplates • 15 48 dispersal trenche facilitiesstrenches • 148 detention ponds299 stormwater ponds • 149 99 detention tanks and water qualitystormwater filter vaults • 388 stormwater vaults or tanks The City has made a significant number of improvements to the manmade system since incorporation in 1990. Many of the projects completed to date corrected existing localized flooding problems. At the time of the lastDuring the comprehensive plan update in 2005, the City was transitioning to a regional system for surface water flow control (detention/retention). Regional facilities were constructed as capital projects based on existing and planned roads, land use, and zoning in the contributing watershed, and developments were able to buy into storage capacity in the facilities if they provided stormwater quality treatment on-site prior to releasing to the regional system. At present, flow control has shifted to an on-site approach due to increased regulatory requirements from the state and federal level as part of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for discharges from Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewers (MS4s). Municipal stormwater permits have become more stringent and both flow control and water quality facilities are required on-site at new development and re-development sites. The NPDES permit also requires new development and re-development to utilize Low Impact Development (LID) techniques where feasible. Additional regulatory information is discussed in the current Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit and the 2009 King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM). 95 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-12 System Capacity The City has developed several models of its surface water facilities, including the natural components as needed. The models and allAll new facility construction use the following design standards based on the 2009 2021 KCSWDM core requirements and the 20102021 City of Federal Way Addendum to the KCSWDM, outlined as follows: • 25-year peak flow conveyance capacity for storm drains • 25-year peak flow conveyance capacity for culverts • 25-year peak flow conveyance for ditches and channels • Tiered duration standard for flow control (see core requirement #3 in KCSWDM) Based on current design requirements and data on existing facilities, the utility’s engineers City identifiesy deficiencies and the most cost effective ways to resolve them. The existing facilities inventory and design requirements also allow the City engineers to plan for new facilities that will be needed to accommodate growth and development outlined in the Land Use Chapter. Additional surface water system information is discussed in the 2015 Surface Water Plan Update.2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan. Forecast of Future Needs Utility engineersThe City bi-annually updates a detailed six-year capital facilities plan. The plan identifies projects, prioritizes them, estimates the cost, and re-examines the utility rate structure to ensure that there is sufficient funding available over the next six years to construct these projects (Table VI-1). See the 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan for more information. Locations and Capacities of Future Facilities Table VI-1 includes the surface water facilities project list. See the 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan for the latest and complete locations and capacities of future stormwater facilities. For more complete discussion of this list, and maps describing project locations, please refer to the City’s 2015 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive PlanPlan Update. As noted earlier, these projects address existing system deficiencies as well as the new facilities that will be needed to accommodate projected growth. Finance Plan The City has created a surface water utility to manage stormwater drainage, prevent flooding, and improve water quality. The City charges property owners an annual surface water fee, which, for commercial properties, is based upon the amount of impervious surface on the property and for residential properties is a fixed fee per parcel. These fees, along with any outside grant monies and low interest loans, provide the revenues that pay for new capital facilities projects, and operation and maintenance of its the surface water system. Additional information regarding the annual surface water rate structure is available in Federal Way Revised Code Chapter 11.45. 96 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-13 PAs outlined in Table VI-1, projects are scheduled based on anticipated revenues, taking perpetual replacement into account. The capital facilities spreadsheet Table 5-1 in the 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan indicates project scheduling based on available funding and priority ranking. The City bi-annually updates the capital facilities plan to add, remove, reschedule, or reprioritize projects as needed. The 2015 Surface Water Plan Update2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan, which includes the capital facilities plan, is adopted by reference in this plan as now or hereafter amended., including changes made during the City’s 2014 2020 bi-annual update. Table VI-1 City of Federal Way Facilities Plan Surface Water Management Component 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total SWM SOURCES Revenues and Financing Carry Forward from CIP and Operations 6,855,610 6,111,451 4,785,123 3,832,022 4,102,538 3,757,836 4,002,589 1,795,789 35,242,958 User Fees with CPI Inflaction Factor 3,819,505 3,899,437 3,981,038 4,064,343 4,149,388 4,236,209 4,324,843 4,415,328 32,890,092 Interest Earnings 7,183 7,250 7,318 7,387 7,458 7,530 7,604 7,679 59,408 Transfer In 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 100,000 800,000 Grant Funding 220,027 120,027 120,027 120,027 120,027 120,027 120,027 120,027 1,060,216 Subtotal Revenues and Financing 11,002,325 10,238,164 8,993,506 8,123,779 8,479,411 8,221,603 8,555,063 6,438,823 70,052,674 Expenditures - One Time & Debt Service One Time Funding Public Works Trust Fund Loan 100,926 99,964 99,003 98,042 97,081 495,016 Subtotal Expenditures 100,926 99,964 99,003 98,042 97,081 495,016 Available Revenue 10,901,399 10,138,200 8,894,503 8,025,737 8,382,330 8,221,603 8,555,063 6,438,823 69,557,658 SWM USES Maintenance and Operations Current 3,310,860 3,355,181 3,374,981 3,428,547 3,479,891 3,532,025 3,584,961 3,638,712 27,705,159 Subtotal Maintenance and Operations 3,310,860 3,355,181 3,374,981 3,428,547 3,479,891 3,532,025 3,584,961 3,638,712 27,705,159 Annual Programs 111 Fund 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 1,200,000 Subtotal Annual Programs 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 150,000 1,200,000 Capital Project List 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total Marine Hills Conveyance System Repairs - North of S 293rd Street 100,000 885,000 985,000 Marine Hills Conveyance System Repairs - South of S 293rd Street 103,000 747,000 850,000 South 373rd Street Stream Crossing Re- Route and Restoration 20,000 81,000 763,000 864,000 West Hylebos Conservation Property Acquisition 280,000 280,000 South 356th Culvert Replacement 53,000 172,000 2,551,000 2,776,000 Phase V Highway 99 Project - South 344th Street at Highway 99 500,000 715,000 1,215,000 South 359th Street Weir Repair 48,000 261,000 309,000 Alderdale Park Trunk Replacement and Pond Expansion 22,000 1,176,000 1,198,000 Subtotal Capital Projects 900,000 1,681,000 866,000 747,000 101,000 433,000 2,573,000 1,176,000 8,477,000 Grant Dependent Capital Projects 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 Total Low Impact Development (LID) Retrofit Project 2,037,000 2,037,000 97 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-14 West Hylebos Educational Center and Trail 108,000 1,288,000 1,396,000 West Hylebos Trail (Spring Valley) 87,000 2,884,000 2,971,000 South 336th Street at Highway 99 673,000 64,000 1,379,000 2,116,000 Bridges Property Culvert Removal and Replacement 36,000 279,000 315,000 Subtotal Grant Dependent Capital Projects 2,073,000 279,000 108,000 1,375,000 3,557,000 64,000 1,379,000 8,835,000 • 98 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-15 6.4 TRANSPORTATION The GMA requires that local jurisdictions prepare a transportation chapter as part of the Federal Way Ccomprehensive Pplan (FWCP). The GMA also authorizes jurisdictions to assess impact fees for transportation system improvements that are necessary to accommodate offset the traffic impacts created by the new development. In order to assess impact fees, the capital facilities plan must include the list of transportation improvements and associated costs that necessitate the payment of impact fees. Discussion related to Transportation-related capital facilities can be found in FWCP Chapter 3, “Transportation,.” includes complete background, levels of service, inventory, forecast of future needs, proposed locations and capacities, and financing plan for transportation capital facilities. 6.5 PARKS AND RECREATION Parks and Recreation capital facilities planning information is found in FWCP Chapter 14, “Parks and Recreation”, with complete details found in the Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan which is incorporated by reference, as now or hereafter amended, into both the Parks and Recreation and Capital Facilities Chapters. Chapter 14 and the PROS plan include complete background, levels of service, inventory, forecast of future needs, proposed locations and capacities, and financing plan for parks and recreation capital facilities. Capital facilities planning information for some of the larger parks-managed facilities are found in the next section on “Community Facilities.” Inventory of Existing Facilities The City of Federal Way adopted the first Park, Recreation, and Open Space Comprehensive Plan in December of 1991. The City updated the plan in 1995, 2000, 2006, 2012, and 2019. This plan, which is now called the Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan, is incorporated by reference. The planning area is based only on the City limits of Federal Way, although the Potential Annexation Area (PAA) is inventoried and discussed. As in previous plans, the Parks Plan has been subdivided into subareas, referred to as Parks Plan Planning Areas (Map VI-3), for purposes of long-range planning. The 2019 Parks Plan updated the inventory to include new parks and properties added to the City’s system. In addition to City-owned parks and open space, the Parks Plan also lists school district, state, and county facilities, as well as private recreation facilities. Map VI-4 depicts the location of major parks and open space within the Federal Way planning area. Table VI-2 summarizes this inventory as of 2019. Table VI-2 Summary of Existing City Park and Recreation Areas Developed Park Land Categories Acres 19 Neighborhood Parks 108.05 15 Community Parks 489.70 2 Regional Parks 255.45 12.07 mi Trails Acreage 22.58 6 Community Facilities 12.85 99 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-16 Total Developed Acreage 888.63 Open Space Acreage 436.16 Total Park Acres 1324.79 When the City incorporated in 1990, there were approximately eight acres of parkland available per 1,000 population in Federal Way. Since that time, the City has purchased additional property and developed new facilities. These include the Lake Killarney Open Space Park, Heritage Woods Neighborhood Park, Wedgewood Neighborhood Park, BPA Trail I, II, and III, Madrona Park, Cedar Grove Park, Laurelwood Neighborhood Park, Brighton Park Open Space, Town Square Park, Klahanee Lake Community Senior Center, Dumas Bay Centre, Celebration Park, Steel Lake Annex facilities, the Community Center, and the Brooklake Community Center. In 2004, Washington State Parks transferred West Hylebos Wetlands Park to the City. King County has also transferred several properties to the City since incorporation. These parks and facilities are described in greater detail in the Parks Plan. In addition to acquiring and developing new facilities, the City has taken administrative actions to take advantage of other available public recreational facilities. The City entered into interlocal agreements with the School District to jointly operate and maintain school recreational facilities. As a result, the City jointly operates and maintains a major community park in conjunction with Saghalie Middle School. Also, the City has agreements to provide recreational programs and schedule play fields at several elementary schools, in addition to middle schools. These facilities are now formally available nights and weekends, year around for use by local residents. As of 2019, the City was providing 13.46 acres of park land per 1,000 population. For purposes of parks planning, the recommended LOS standard in the City’s Parks Plan and this Capital Facilities chapter is 10.9 acres of City owned parkland per 1,000 population. The City currently provides 1324.79 acres of parkland, which the City maintains and operates. Of the total 1324.79 acres, 888.63 acres are developed for recreational use areas and 436.16 acres are undeveloped. Washington State Parks has a regional park facility partially within the City limits, which residents often use. Dash Point State Park is 398 acres in size, 230 acres of which are located within the City. Dash Point State Park provides a regional (statewide) recreation use for camping, swimming, picnicking, walking trails, and beachfront. The state park land is not included in the City’s LOS because the state owns, operates, and maintains this facility. Forecast of Future Needs The 2019 Parks Plan states that the inventory of public park and open space land will be adequate to serve both the current and future projected population within the City and PAA. However, much of this acreage is un-programmed, undeveloped open space. The primary deficiency, both now and projected, is in improved trails. The 2019 Parks Plan makes recommendations based on five Core Values identified through an extensive planning process. Five of these relate to capital facilities and include: 100 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-17 Core Value #1: Improve Existing Facilities and Provide for Multiple Functions in Parks Core Value #2: Create Community Gathering Places and Destinations Core Value #3: Retain and Improve Open Spaces Core Value #4: Develop a Walking and Biking Community Core Value #5: Provide a Balance of Services for a Diverse Population Capital facilities that respond to these Core Values have been incorporated into the Six- Year CIP. The major efforts planned are shown in Table VI-3. Locations & Capacities of Future Facilities Map VI-4 indicates the location of the parks, recreation facilities, and open space subareas the City will need to maintain the adopted LOS. The Parks Plan breaks the planning area into subareas and addresses future facilities at the subarea level. For more details about the type, sizes, and cost of these new facilities, please refer to the 2019 Parks Plan. Map VI-4A shows potential locations of public spaces in the City Center. Finance Plan Table VI-3 (Parks Capital Improvements Plan, 2019-2024) describes the proposed parks projects that will be needed together with cost estimates programmed by year. Table VI-3 also identifies the revenues that will be available during the same time period to finance these new facilities. Potential funding sources include the City’s General Fund, the Parks Capital Fund, the Real Estate Excise Tax (REET), Grants, and Developer Mitigation Fees. Please refer to Chapter 7, “Implementation,” of the City of Federal Way Parks, Recreation, and Open Space Plan for information on the finance plan. The City biennially updates its Parks & Recreation Capital Improvement Plan. These updates reflect new project priorities, eliminate projects that have been completed, and add new projects to the program. 6.6 COMMUNITY FACILITIES Significant community investments have been made since the city’s incorporation to implement the community’s vision for Federal Way. In addition to the investments in the surface water, transportation, and parks areas, the City also acquired and improved a basic set of community facilities to house City operations and provide space for community gatherings and recreation. The following subsections describe all community facilities where the public gathers for events or recreation, municipal facilities with office space for conducting government operations, Parks and Public Works maintenance facilities, and an overview of future community facility needs. With the exception of certain Parks and Recreation buildings, most parks facilities are not inventoried in this section since they’re addressed in the PROS Plan which is incorporated by reference, as now or hereafter amended, in this Capital Facilities Chapter. 101 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-18 Community Gathering Facilities Dumas Bay Centre The City acquired Dumas Bay Centre (a conference and retreat facility) in 1993. Strong local support in for community recreation and arts activities translated into the City Council’s adoption of a 2% For the Arts ordinance to provide funding for arts in public places in 1994, and the construction of the 234-seat Knutzen Family Theatre in 1998, which is located at the Dumas Bay Centre. City Hall, which consolidates most City administrative offices, Police, and the Municipal Court in one facility, was acquired in 2003. Community Center The City began completed construction of a new 72,000 square foot Community Center in the fall of 20052007. Construction was completed in early 2007. The facility houses Recreation and Cultural Services staff, and includes athletic and community facilities suitable for a wide variety of events and programs. Performing Arts and Events Center The City of Federal Way Performing Arts and Event Center (PAEC) opened in 2017. This 44,000 sq. foot, 700 seat facility provides year-round space for performances, events, conferences and meetings. Table VI-3 Parks Capital Improvements Plan Estimated Funding Sources Funding Sources Real Estate Excise Tax Misc. Transfers Grants/Anticipated Mitigation Funds Received General Fund Capital Project Fund Bonds/Levies Reserve Fund Dumas Bay Centre Fund Impact Fees Table VI-3.1 – Parks Infill List 102 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-19 Location Type Year Cost PIF Eligibility PIF- Eligible Cost Adelaide Formalize picnic areas/install picnic shelters (2) 2033 $167,000 18.05% $30,147 Alderbrook Park Playground Replacement 2023 $150,000 18.05% $27,078 Alderdale park Playground Replacement 2027 $150,000 18.05% $27,078 BPA Add a fitness trail and equipment 2026 $143,000 18.05% $25,814 BPA Repair asphalt trail 2030-2040 - 0.00% - BPA Install monument sign 2028 $7,000 18.05% $1,264 BPA Install directional signage/wayfinding 2030 $12,000 18.05% $2,166 Brooklake Demo Hall & Green Storage Buildings 2023 $8,000 0.00% - Brooklake Electrical upgrades 2023 $20,000 18.05% $3,610 Brooklake Facility/Feasibility Assessment - Master Plan 2023 $4,000 18.05% $722 Cedar Grove Park Playground Replacement 2031 $175,000 18.05% $31,591 Celebration Convert To Artificial Turf 2032 $11,500,000 18.05% $2,075,971 Celebration Sand based turf replacement 2026 $500,000 18.05% $90,260 Celebration Replace field fence 2035 $119,000 0.00% - Celebration park Playground Replacement 2024 $450,000 18.05% $81,234 City Hall add ADA door control @ Court Entry 2023 $60,000 18.05% $10,831 City Hall Card control replacement/upgrade 2027 $125,000 18.05% $22,565 City Hall Carpet replacement 2027 $250,000 0.00% - City Hall City Hall Water Heaters (5) 2028 $75,000 0.00% - City Hall Court bench refurbish 2025 $8,500 0.00% - City Hall Elevator 2024 $185,000 0.00% - City Hall HVAC 2025 $400,000 0.00% - City Hall Reception Counters - replace Formica 2026 $10,000 0.00% - 103 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-20 Location Type Year Cost PIF Eligibility PIF- Eligible Cost City Hall Roof replacement 2026 $500,000 0.00% - City Hall Security Fence Around Entire P/E Parcel/Lot 2024 $75,000 18.05% $13,539 City Hall Sidewalk ADA upgrades 2023-2027 $240,000 0.00% - Coronado Park Playground Replacement 2028 $150,000 18.05% $27,078 Fisher Pond Prepare master plan 2028 $12,000 18.05% $2,166 Fisher Pond Install picnic shelter 2030 $83,000 18.05% $14,983 Fisher Pond Decommission on-site well 2030 $12,000 0.00% - French Lake Develop/Install Shelter 2028 $60,000 18.05% $10,831 FWCC Exercise Equipment (full replace) 2026 $150,000 0.00% - FWCC Locker Rooms/Cabanas Restoration 2023 $250,000 0.00% - FWCC Replace Pool Water Slide/Play Equipment 2023 $1,200,000 0.00% - FWCC Re-plaster Lap Pool 2027 $400,000 0.00% - FWCC Pool/slide repairs 2023 $298,000 0.00% - FWCC Replace pool and play equipment 2023 $60,000 0.00% - FWCC Outdoor areas 2033 $119,000 18.05% $21,482 Heritage Woods park Playground Replacement 2029 $175,000 18.05% $31,591 Lake Grove Park Playground Replacement 2032 $200,000 18.05% $36,104 Lakota Parking Lot Replacement 2023 $170,000 0.00% - Lakota Upgrade soccer field to artificial turf 2021 $1,489,000 18.05% $268,793 Lakota Upgrade running track to rubber 2021 $238,000 18.05% $42,964 Lakota Upgrade field lighting 2032 $893,000 18.05% $161,204 Lakota Upgrade restrooms and increase parking 2032 $953,000 18.05% $172,035 104 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-21 Location Type Year Cost PIF Eligibility PIF- Eligible Cost Laurelwood Prepare master plan 2025 $36,000 18.05% $6,499 Laurelwood Perform master plan improvements 2027-2037 - 18.05% - Laurelwood Install 1/2 basketball court 2030 $60,000 18.05% $10,831 Madrona Park Playground Replacement 2030 $175,000 18.05% $31,591 Mirror Lake Replace and improve playground 2020 $143,000 18.05% $25,814 Monument Signs Complete sign implementation program 2023-2033 $48,000 18.05% $8,665 Olympic View Formalize Joe's Creek social trail 2035 - 18.05% - Olympic View Improve neighborhood entrances (6) 2035 $36,000 18.05% $6,499 Olympic View Install 1/2 basketball court 2030 $60,000 18.05% $10,831 Olympic View Park Playground Replacement 2025 $125,000 18.05% $22,565 Palisades Repair/replace asphalt basketball court 2028 $6,000 0.00% - Palisades Install picnic shelter 2030 $83,000 18.05% $14,983 Palisades Park Playground Replacement 2026 $200,000 18.05% $36,104 Sacajawea Artificial turf replacement - SAC 2026 $700,000 0.00% - Sacajawea Natural Turf Replacement (ballfields) 2023 $300,000 0.00% - Sacajawea Renovate Ballfield Drainage 2024 $50,000 0.00% - Sacajawea Replace Rubber running track 2024 $340,000 0.00% - Sacajawea Tennis Court Replacement 2025 $200,000 0.00% - Sacajawea Wood Pole Replacement 2029 $150,000 0.00% - Sacajawea Replace water service line 2028 $18,000 0.00% - Sacajawea New restroom - sewer lift station 2035 $89,000 18.05% $16,066 Sacajawea Install picnic shelter 2030 $83,000 18.05% $14,983 105 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-22 Location Type Year Cost PIF Eligibility PIF- Eligible Cost Safety & Security Parking lot lighting improvements (LED) at Sacajawea Park, Saghalie Park, Steel Lake Park, and Steel Lake Annex 2028 - 18.05% - Safety & Security Install security cameras in parking lots at Sacajawea Park, Saghalie Park, Steel Lake Park, and Steel Lake Annex 2028 - 18.05% - Saghalie Artificial turf replacement - Soccer Field 2032 $600,000 0.00% - Saghalie Tennis Court Renovation/Resurface 2025 $40,000 0.00% - Saghalie Replace Rubber running track 2023-2032 $505,000 18.05% $91,162 Saghalie Install artificial turf on football field 2035 $1,429,000 18.05% $257,962 Saghalie Renovate basketball courts 2026 $71,000 0.00% - Saghalie Overlay parking lot 2028 $48,000 0.00% - Steel Lake Develop a master plan 2033 $149,000 18.05% $26,897 Steel Lake Install new shelters (Sites 2-5) 2028-2033 $292,000 18.05% $52,712 Steel Lake Re-pipe annex and beach house restrooms 2026 $238,000 0.00% - Steel Lake Annex Artificial Turf Replacement - Karl Grosch 2032 $700,000 0.00% - Steel Lake Annex Parking Lot Repairs 2024 $10,000 0.00% - Steel Lake Park Artificial turf - Site #5 2032 $1,300,000 18.05% $234,675 Steel Lake Park Dock Replacement 2027 $1,250,000 0.00% - Steel Lake Shop New Maintenance Shop (Parks Share, 33%) 2032 $11,666,667 18.05% $2,106,058 Steel Lake Shop Shop - Backup power generator 2025 $40,000 18.05% $7,221 106 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-23 Location Type Year Cost PIF Eligibility PIF- Eligible Cost Steel Lake Shop Shop - Electrical Service - new panel 2024 $7,500 18.05% $1,354 Steel Lake Shop Shop Roof 2026 $75,000 18.05% $13,539 Steel Lake Shop Storage House - New Garage Doors 2024 $7,000 18.05% $1,264 Steel Lake Shop Storage House Roof 2024 $20,000 18.05% $3,610 Town Square Install shade covers 2025 $89,000 18.05% $16,066 Town Square Install 2nd shelter 2030 $83,000 18.05% $14,983 Town Square Band shell 2028 - 18.05% - Town Square Veteran memorial 2025 - 18.05% - Wayfinding Signs Implementation of wayfinding signage program 2030-2040 - 18.05% - Wedgewood Replace and improve playground 2019 $167,000 18.05% $30,147 West Hylebos Renovate caretaker access road 2033 $12,000 0.00% - West Hylebos Make parking lots repairs 2025 $48,000 0.00% - West Hylebos Expand parking lot 2033 $149,000 18.05% $26,897 West Hylebos Replace maintenance garage 2030 $89,000 0.00% - Wildwood Repair asphalt trail 2026 $12,000 0.00% - Wildwood Upgrade park fixture 2035 $12,000 18.05% $2,166 Total $44,256,667 $6,325,243 Table VI-3.2 – Parks Expansion List Location Type Year Cost PIF Eligibility PIF-Eligible Cost Downtown Park Expansion Community Park 2027- 2031 $ 5,500,000 100% $ 5,500,000 107 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-24 Projected Community Needs The City has identified a number of facilities to help deliver services more efficiently and adjust to the changing demographics of this community in the future. These projected needs are beyond the City’s ability to fund within the six-year planning horizon. However, in order to keep the community’s vision alive, we purposely did not exclude any of these community projects. The City Council will periodically review and prioritize these projects and provide funding when available. A description of these facilities with a summary list is provided in Table VI-5. Table VI-4 Summary of Existing Community Facilities Building Name Own/ Leased Use Sq. ft. /Occupancy City Hall Own City operations not otherwise listed 88,085/approximately 304 FTE and Council Chamber Police Evidence Own Police evidence room 6,000/2 FTE Federal Way Community Center Own Community recreation center with gym, pools, indoor track, climbing wall, senior lounge, pre-school, and educational classrooms, day care, arts and crafts program, and multipurpose room with kitchen. Recreation staff offices. 72,000/ 16 regular FTE and approximately 40-100 part-time temporary personnel Opened in 2007 Steel Lake Annex Own Historical Society 1,161/program only Steel Lake Maintenance Shop Own Maintenance operations, outdoor equipment and material storage 4,110 office and maintenance bay, 24.5 FTE, approximately 132,000 sq. ft. storage yard, and approximately additional 1.5 acres available for future expansion Celebration Park Maintenance Building Own Grounds equipment and sporting equipment 2,044 sq. ft. maintenance building Dumas Bay Centre (DBC) Own Public park, meeting/banquet/ overnight lodging 47,214 sq. ft. – 6 meeting rooms, 70 overnight rooms, 12 acre park ground Knutzen Family Theater (at DBC) Own 234 seats performing arts theatre and rehearsal room Miscellaneous Outdoor Storage Leased Street maintenance material and park equipment storage 10,000 material storage 2,000 equipment storage South Light Rail Station Park Community Park 2027- 2031 11,000,000 100% 11,000,000 Total $ 16,500,000 $ 16,500,000 108 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-25 Miscellaneous Indoor Storage Leased Spare office equipment/facility parts/ records 260 sq. ft. 2,160 cubic ft. boxes stored offsite in a document storage facility Table VI-5 Projected Community Facility Needs 2012-2018 Type of Facility Year Size (sf) Cost (millions) 1 Competitive Sports Facility 2018 To be determined To be determined 2. Performing Arts and Events Center / 2016 Approx. 44,000 700 seats $32.75 3. Maintenance Facility To be determined To be determined 4. Public Parking Facilities To be determined 200 – 400 stalls To be determined 5. Town Square Park 2016 2-4 acres $1.7 TOTAL To be determined Municipal Facilitiesy (General Government, Police, and Court Operations) City Hall City Hall, which consolidates most City administrative offices, Police, and the Municipal Court in one facility, was acquired in 2003.The City acquired the current City Hall in 2003 and consolidated its police, court, and general governmental operations under one roof. About 10 percent or 8,000 of the total 88,085 square feet of space in this building is currently available for future expansions. In addition to the City Hall parcel, the City also acquired two vacant lots to the north which is the location of the Police Evidence facility and overflow parking for the City Hall/ Municipal Court. Pursuant to an interlocal agreement, the cities of Auburn, Burien, Des Moines, Federal Way, Renton, SeaTac, and Tukwila, Washington jointly developed and constructed a consolidated correctional fa cility under an autonomous public agency known as the South Correction Entity (SCORE). The facility became operational in 2011. Other Police Facilities The SCORE facility is approximately 137,000 square feet with associated parking and site improvements on a 15.613-acre collection of parcels. The site is located in Des Moines, Washington near Des Moines Creek Park where South 208th Street intersects with 18th Avenue South. The facility is designed to house up to 822 inmates. Ownership and financial commitment to SCORE are prorated based on each city’s average daily prisoner population during the previous year—for Federal Way that is approximately 18 percent of the total operating cost. 109 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-26 Federal Way Police Department currently leases xx [four – double checking] substations. Since 2015, there has been an agreement between Balli Road, LLC and the Police Department for the use of office space, approximately 1,500 square feet, identified as the Federal Way Police Department Downtown Substation, located across the street from the Federal Way Transit Center. The space is used primarily by the Traffic and the Special Operations Unit. The location of the Downtown Substation is strategic to enhance patrol operations and visibility but was also necessary as to the limited office space at the main station at City Hall. In the next 10 years, the Police Department will require additional 10,000 square feet or more to accommodate the anticipated growth. In 2018, due to unsustainable financial obligation, the City of Federal Way discontinued utilizing South Correction Entity (SCORE) for inmate housing and began managing our own jail services by using available regional jail services, bringing significant financial savings for the City. Maintenance Facility The Parks and Public Works maintenance facility is located at 31132 28th Avenue South. The entire site is 2.254.1 acres with 4,110 square feet of office and work space and 132172,000 square feet in fenced storage space., The structure was originally constructed as a Fire Station and subsequently acquired by the City. The current shop area is where the fire engines were stored. with an additional 1.5 acres of land area available for future expansions. Parks Maintenance operates seven days a week, two shifts per day. The space needed for the maintenance operations includes crew quarters (including an area for daily time cards, breaks, and crew meetings/training, etc.), as well as a locker room. Public Works streets and surface water maintenance operations have similar needs for office space; operating Monday through Friday, year round, one shift per day. Both Parks and Public Works maintenance operations tend to intensify during the summer months and require up to 15 part-time, seasonal workers at any given time.. The City has outgrown the existing facility and has begun the process to secure additional adjacent properties to the north while simultaneously working on the design of a replacement facility to meet the City’s current and projected needs. Construction of the new facility is anticipated to commence in 2024. Depending on how the City grows and transforms over the years, the maintenance facility may involve several options to provide flexibility to accommodate this change and growth, and continue delivery of high quality and timely City services in the future. The design and construction costs for constructing, renovating, and/or expanding the maintenance facility will depend on the operational goals. Performing Arts and Events Center In 1994, the City of Federal Way Arts Commission funded a feasibility study of a facility to house a cultural and community events center and the desire to create an image and 110 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-27 identity for the City as one which recognizes the value of arts and culture as an essential component of the community. Since then the City has studied the feasibility of a performing arts and events center. The performing arts and events center would serve multiple purposes including: performances; lecture series; business conventions; visual arts exhibit space; and event space. In 2009, the City engaged Webb Management Services in conjunction with LMN Architects to study the feasibility of an integrated performing arts and events center. An events center has the ability to enrich the performing arts center identity and increase visitors through attendees. Based on the consultant’s review, a 500 to 700 seat theater would support local arts organizations and operate as large conference space for lectures and presentations. The report found that a conference center should include an 8,000 square foot lobby and conference room and 6,000 square feet of additional meeting space to be used as breakout rooms or for stand-alone events. The estimated cost for an integrated facility was $30 to $40 million. In 2011, the City requested an update to the Webb Management Services report, which led to continued interest in a performing arts and events center (PAEC) on the part of City leadership. Consequently, in 2012 the City issued a Request for Qualifications for a public-private partnership to develop both the PAEC and an accompanying on-site hotel. Subsequently, proposals were requested from the two RFQ respondents, and in Fall 2012 the City Council chose a development partner and authorized development of concept plans and an initial construction budget, which were presented in March 2013. Based on the concept plan and budget, the City Council authorized development of schematic design plans and an operational pro forma, which were both presented in September, 2013. At that time, City Council authorized submittal of the plans for land use permitting. In February 2014, the Mayor appointed a Blue Ribbon Panel of experts to review all the relevant plans and materials, vet the financing, and review construction cost estimates, pro formas, and project economic impacts. The Panel’s findings were presented in May 2014, leading to a City Council decision to proceed with completion of the design and construction of the PAEC. At this time, the PAEC is anticipated to be completed and open for business in the Fall of 2016. Multipurpose Competitive Sports Center In 2002, the City’s Lodging Tax Advisory Committee (LTAC) commissioned a feasibility study, the Hunter Study, for an indoor competitive sports facility in order to increase visitors’ stay in local hotels and complement the Aquatic Center and Celebration Park, two other regional/national amateur sports facilities in the City. A number of development concepts have been considered, one of which is a facility to accommodate basketball and volleyball tournaments. Based on this research, the facility would accommodate four to six basketball courts and four volleyball courts. The facility would also require parking. One of the considerations for such a facility would be its ability to be financially self-sustaining. It would also ideally be developed and operated by the private sector, with minimum or no public participation. Public Parking Facility Since the City sold the Town Center-3 (TC-3) site to Trent Development, there exists a shortage of parking for the PAEC. The City needs to acquire additional land to replace 111 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-28 the parking that is being eliminated as part of property development..The existing city center development is currently near or at capacity with the required surface parking to business-space ratio. To intensify the development, such as the multi- story commercial/residential mixed-use developments envisioned by the community, additional parking space will be needed. These additional parking spaces would most likely be achieved through structured parking, consistent with multi-story commercial/ residential mixed-use development. With the construction cost of structured parking at a premium when compared to land cost, some type of public/private partnership may be needed for them to be financially feasible. These facilities could be in part financed with the City’s Local Investment Financing Tool (LIFT) funds. In addition, these facilities could be constructed in conjunction with various redevelopment projects. Public Parking Facility Recommendation Purchase property and construct approximately 350 new parking spaces to benefit the PAEC and visitors to Downtown Designated public parking spaces of 200 to 400 in conjunction with privately developed parking structures for redevelopment projects located within the City Center. Investments will vary depending on the need and type of redevelopment projects at each location. City funding sources would be a combination of the City’s economic development incentive fund and other state and federal economic development, and/ or infrastructure funding sources. Summary of Existing Facilities and Future Needs Existing Facilities Table xx Summary of Existing Community Facilities [Highlighted language/#s still being verified with other dept. staff] Building Name Own/ Leased Use Sq. ft. /Occupancy City Hall Own City operations not otherwise listed 88,085/approximately 304 FTE and Council Chamber Police Evidence Own Police evidence room 6,000/2 FTE Police Substations (4 total) Leased [still verifying information] [still verifying information] Federal Way Community Center Own Community recreation center with gym, pools, indoor track, climbing wall, senior lounge, pre-school, and educational classrooms, day care, arts and crafts program, and multipurpose room with kitchen. Recreation staff offices. 72,000/ 16 regular FTE and approximately 40-100 part-time temporary personnel Opened in 2007 Steel Lake Annex Own Historical Society 1,161/program only 112 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-29 Steel Lake Maintenance Shop Own Maintenance operations, outdoor equipment and material storage 4,110 office and maintenance bay, 24.5 FTE, approximately 132,000 sq. ft. storage yard, and approximately additional 1.5 acres available for future expansion Celebration Park Maintenance Building Own Grounds equipment and sporting equipment 2,044 sq. ft. maintenance building Dumas Bay Centre (DBC) Own Public park, meeting/banquet/ overnight lodging 47,214 sq. ft. – 6 meeting rooms, 70 overnight rooms, 12 acre park ground Knutzen Family Theater (at DBC) Own 234 seats performing arts theatre and rehearsal room Miscellaneous Outdoor Storage Leased Street maintenance material and park equipment storage 10,000 material storage 2,000 equipment storage Miscellaneous Indoor Storage Leased Spare office equipment/facility parts/ records 260 sq. ft. 2,160 cubic ft. boxes stored offsite in a document storage facility Future Facilities The City has identified a number of facilities to help deliver services more efficiently and adjust to the changing demographics of this community in the future. These projected needs are beyond the City’s ability to fund within the six-year planning horizon. However, in order to keep the community’s vision alive, we purposely did not exclude any of these community projects. The City Council will periodically review and prioritize these projects and provide funding when available. A description of these facilities with a summary list is provided in Table xxVI-5. Joint Operations and Maintenance Facility The new facility will expand the site of the existing Operations and Maintenance Facility. Downtown Parking Purchase property and construct approximately 350 new parking spaces to benefit the PAEC and visitors to Downtown. City Hall Conduct a needs analysis to evaluate the current utilization of City Hall. Included in this study will be a forecast for when the City should either build a new City Hall; or, lease additional space to accommodate growth; or, build an expansion to the existing building. Police Department Federal Way Police Department anticipates needing another 10,000 sq. ft. of office space by approximately 2033. Table xxVI-5 Future Community Facility Needs 113 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-30 Facility Type Approximate Date Size Approximate Cost Downtown Parking 2028 350-375 spaces $15 million City Hall 2030 120,000 sq. ft. $100 million Operations & Maintenance Facility 2025 $52 million Additional Police Department Office Space 2033 10,000 additional square feet Likely part of City Hall Projected Community Facility Needs 2012-2018 Type of Facility Year Size (sf) Cost (millions) 1 Competitive Sports Facility 2018 To be determined To be determined 2. Performing Arts and Events Center / 2016 Approx. 44,000 700 seats $32.75 3. Maintenance Facility To be determined To be determined 4. Public Parking Facilities To be determined 200 – 400 stalls To be determined 5. Town Square Park 2016 2-4 acres $1.7 TOTAL To be determined Financing Plan The City updates its capital improvements program every other year in conjunction with its biennial budget process. These updates will reflect new project priorities and funding availability. While it may be desirable to deliver these facilities to the community as soon as possible, the City’s projected revenues may not be able to support both their construction and required operating and on-going maintenance in the near term. Such public facilities may depend on future private or voter-approved funding sources. However, the City has approved the overall budget for the Operations and Maintenance Facility and is working to refine the design. Currently the expectation is that construction will be funded through a combination of cash on hand, utility funds, REET, and bonding which repayment will in part be funded through programmatic savings. As the design progresses the budget and available funding will continue to be refined. While it may be desirable to deliver these facilities to the community as soon as possible, the City’s projected revenues may not be able to support both their construction and required operating and on-going maintenance in the near term. Such public facilities may depend on future private or voter-approved funding sources. 114 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-31 The City updates its capital improvements program every other year in conjunction with its biennial budget process. These updates will reflect new project priorities and funding availability. 6.7 SCHOOL FACILITIES This section summarizes information in Tthe Federal Way School District No. 210 2015 Capital Facilities Plan (School Plan) and adopts the School Plan by reference. This plan covers the entire Federal Way Public School (FWPS) District which includes the City of Federal Way, portions of the incorporated City of Kent, City of Des Moines, City of Auburn, City of Algona, City of Milton and unincorporated areas of King County to the east of Interstate 5. The Ddistrict provides educational programs to all students who live in the school district service area, whether they live in Federal Way, Kent, Des Moines, Auburn, Algona, Milton or unincorporated King County. A school outside the Federal Way City limits may provide service to students who live within the City limits and viscae versa. The FWPS Capital Facilities Plan is incorporated by reference, as now or hereafter amended, and provides complete background, levels of service, inventory, forecast of future needs, proposed locations and capacities, and financing plan for school facilities. Inventory of Existing Facilities Map VI-6 shows the location of every school in the district. Table VI-6 summarizes the district’s student capacity. The district has sufficient capacity in the existing schools and portable buildings to house all of the students in the district. Program Capacity The school district has established a Standard of Service, similar to LOS, for itself, which it calls “program capacity.” The district’s program capacity is based on: 1) the number of students per classroom; 2) the number of classrooms per school; 3) the number of classes that can be held in each classroom per day; and 4) other operational conditions. Table VI-6 Summary of Existing Facilities Capacities* CAPACITY 2015 Budget 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 115 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-32 Elementary School 8,290 8,290 8,290 8,290 8,290 8,290 8,290 Middle School 5,406 5,406 5,406 5,406 5,406 5,406 5,406 Senior High 5,735 5,735 5,935 5,935 5,935 5,935 5,935 TOTAL 19,431 19,431 19,631 19,631 19,631 19,631 19,631 *NOTE: These capacities are for buildings only and do not include portable classrooms. These capacities are based on the maximum use of the buildings. Program capacity assumes that the average class will serve the following numbers of students: Grade K-2 20 Students per classroom Grades 3-5 25 Students per classroom Grades 6-12 26 Students per classroom Special Education 12 Students per classroom Portables 25 Students per classroom The school district uses portables at many school sites as an interim measure to house new students until permanent facilities can be built. There are other administrative measures that the school district could use to increase school capacity. These measures may include double shifting, modified school calendar, and year-round schooling. These measures have been used in the district on a limited basis, but not district wide. Forecast of Future Needs – Student Forecasts The school district’s Business Services Department prepares a forecast of student enrollment annually. Projections are detailed at various levels; district total, school- building totals, and grade level totals. Special populations such as vocational students, special education students, and English as Second Language students are also included in the forecast. The basis for projections has been cohort survival analysis. Cohort survival is the analysis of a group that has a common statistical value (grade level) as it progresses through time. In a stable population, the cohort would be 1.00 for all grades. This analysis uses historical information to develop averages and project the averages forward. The district uses this method with varying years of history and weighting factors to study several projections. Because transfers in and out of school system are common, student migration is factored into the analysis as it increases or decreases survival rates. Entry grades (kindergarten) are a unique problem in cohort analysis. The district collects information on birth rates within the district’s census tracts and treats these statistics as a cohort of kindergarten for the appropriate enrollment years. Long-range projections that establish the need for facilities are a modification of the cohort survival method. The cohort method becomes less reliable the farther out the projections are made. The school district study of long-range projections includes information from jurisdictional planners and demographers as they project future housing and population in the region. Table VI-7 describes increased enrollment through the year 2021. It shows that the school 116 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 VI-33 district’s student population will grow steadily every year with the highest growth in elementary. The district has compared existing school capacity with growth forecasts. New construction, modernization and expansion, and additional portable purchases will mitigate the deficit in permanent capacity for the next six years. Table VI-7 Federal Way School District Student Forecast ENROLLMENT (FTE) 2015 Budget 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Elementary 9,319 9,282 9,398 9,477 9,575 9,645 9,723 Middle School 4,811 5,041 5,145 5,154 5,130 5,264 5,359 Senior High 6,261 6,092 5,950 5,911 6,063 6,107 6,243 TOTAL 20,391 20,415 20,493 20,542 20,768 21,016 21,325 Location of New and Improved School Facilities Existing schools are identified in Map VI-6. Finance Plan Table VI-8 describes the school district’s six-year finance plan to support the school construction. The table identifies $6,596,563 available from secure funding sources and an additional $108,000,000 anticipated from other funding sources between 2015 and 2021. These funds will cover the $109,520,000 in planned project costs to the year 2021. 117 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Table VI-8 Federal Way Public Schools 2015 Capital Facilities Plan Six Year Finance Plan Securing Funding Sources Impact Fees (1) $303,161 Land Sale Funds (2) ($11,596,565) Bond Funds (3) $4,709,857 State Match (4) $13,153,110 TOTAL $6,569,563 Projected Revenue Sources State Match (5) $27,200,000 Bond or Levy Funds (6) $70,000,000 Land Fund Sales (7) $10,000,000 Impact Fees (8) $800,000 TOTAL $108,000,000 Actual and Planned Expenditures Total Secured Funding and Projected Revenue $114,569.563 NEW SCHOOLS Estimated and Budget 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 Total Total Cost Prior Years 2014-2015 2015-2016 2016-2017 2017-2018 2018-2019 2019-2020 2020- 2021 2015-2021 MODERNIZATION AND EXPANSION Federal Way High School (9) $50,000,000 $45,000,000 $11,000,000 $56,000,000 $106,000,000 SITE ACQUISITION Norman Center $785,000 $205,000 $215,000 $220,000 $225,000 $235,000 $235,000 $1,335,000 $2,120,000 (Employment Transition Program((10) TEMPORARY FACILITIES Portables (11) $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $200,000 $1,400,000 $1,400,000 TOTAL $50,785,000 $45,405,000 $11,415,000 $420,000 $425,000 $435,000 $435,000 $200,000 $58,735,000 $109,520,000 NOTES: 1. These fees are currently being held in a King County, City of Federal Way, and City of Kent impact fee account and will be available for use by the District for system improvements. This is year-end balance on December 31, 2013. 2. These funds are expected to come from the sale of the current ESC and MOT sites and bond interest. This is year -end balance on December 31, 2013. 3. This is the December 31, 2013, balance of bond funds. This figure includes interest earnings. 4. This represents the balance of State Match funds which will be used to support the rebuilding of Federal Way High School. This is the balance on December 31, 2013. 5. This is an anticipated state match for the rebuilding of Federal Way High School. Application for funds was made .in July 2013. Revised 2015 VI-20 118 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-35 The School Plan states that state matching funds and impact mitigation fees, if realized, will be used to decrease the need for future bonds or will be used on additional capital fund projects. The School Plan currently covers the years 2015-2021. The School Plan and accompanying six-year finance plan will be updated annually by the school district. This will bring the plan into full compliance with GMA requirements. 6.8 WATER SYSTEMS This section primarily summarizes the water system operated by the Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Utility District’s (the District ) including information from the District’s most recently adopted 2014 Comprehensive Water System Plan (Water Plan, incorporated in full by reference as now or hereafter amended) while providing up-to- date information where warranted. Map VI-7 shows Lakehaven Utility District’s (hereinafter referred to as “the District” in this section) water service area boundary. Two oOther purveyors provide water service to portions of the District’s corporate areawithin Federal Way City limits. The Tacoma Public Utilities, specifically Tacoma Water,s, for example, serves an area on the west side of the District’s Federal Way corporate area and the Highline Water District serves a small portion of the north side of the District’s corporate areanorth side of Federal Way (Map VI-8). The City of Milton serves a small area on the south side of the District’s corporate area that is within the City of Milton limits. Areas on the east side of I-5 within the City limits of Auburn and Pacific are also provided water service by the District Map V-7). These areas are at a higher elevation than the valley cities can cost effectively serve.For comparison, the District provides service to over 20,000 accounts in Federal Way, while Tacoma Water has approximately 3,200 active accounts, and Highline Water District has 263 active accounts in Federal Way. Map xx shows the service areas of Lakehaven, Tacoma Water, and Highline as water service providers in Federal Way. Some of the information in this section is based on the most recent (2016) Lakehaven Comprehensive Water System Plan. Inventory of Existing Facilities The locations of the District’s wells, storage, and other major components of the distribution system are provided in the 2014 Water Plan. The water system includes approximately 450 miles of water main, 25 production wells, 12 storage tanks, and connection to the Second Supply Project (SSP), which provides surface water from the Green River. The average annual daily demand during the years 202008 through 202211 was 9.879.68 million gallons-per-day (MDGD). The facilities are described in the following sections. Second Supply Project (SSP) The District is a partner in the SPP (Green River water source) with the City of Tacoma, City of Kent, and Covington Water Districts. The District’s share of the project provides a 119 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-36 water right capacity of up to 12.6 MGD. Due to operational considerations, stream flows, and water quality, the SSP is estimated to provide approximately 7.6 MGD on an annual basis. The District is accessing the pipeline at three flow control facilities provided at strategic locations along its route through the greater Federal Way area. These facilities allow the District to receive water from and send water to the Second Supply Project (SSP). Water Quality Prior to 2000, the District had not had to treat its water supplies to meet regulatory requirements before distribution to its customers. However, in order to meet newer regulations, the District began a chlorination and corrosion control treatment program in July 2001 for all of its groundwater supply. The District’s status with respect to regulated drinking water contaminants covered by the WAC 246-290 and anticipated water quality regulations is summarized in Section 10, “Water Quality,” of the 2014 Water System Plan. Regulations that have prompted treatment of the District’s groundwater supplies include the Lead and Copper Rule, Iron and Manganese Regulations, Arsenic Rule, and the Surface Water Treatment Rule (due to distribution of surface water obtained from the SSP). To maintain optimized corrosion control in the distribution system (per the Lead and Copper Rule), the District adjusts the pH of groundwater pumped from Well Sites 10/10A, 15/15A, 18, and 19/19A. The District has installed water filtration treatment systems at Well Sites 9, 17/17A/17B, 19/19A, 20/20A, 21, 22/22A/22B, 23/23A, 29, and Well 33 for the removal of iron and manganese. Arsenic is removed from Wells 19 and 21. In 2006, the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), required unfiltered surface water utilities to plan for and provide water treatment to protect against waterborne parasites such as cryptosporidium (a protozoan that can cause gastro-intestinal illness in humans). After significant analysis and evaluation, Tacoma Water, Lakehaven Water and SewerUtility District, Covington Water District, and the City of Kent agreed to design and construct a surface water filtration facility for the Green River supply to meet the new EPA compliance requirements. Design of the new The Green River Filtration Facility was completed and began operation in 2011 and the facility is scheduled to be completed and operational in 2015. In addition to meeting the federal surface water treatment rules, the filtration facility will also remove turbidity and potential algae that can degrade the reliability and aesthetic quality of the water from the Green River. Storage Facilities The District’s water system was evaluated during the most recent (2016) Lakehaven2014 Water System Plan Update using extended-period simulation modeling to evaluate the storage draw-down during fire flow events and to evaluate storage equalization during multiple-day periods of maximum- day demand conditions. The storage analysis model is summarized in Section 9, “System Analysis,” of the 20162014 Water System Plan. In general, the District has a robust water system with redundant supply, large volumes of storage, and adequate, reliable pumping. Water Conservation Measures The District is committed to implementing aggressive water conservation measures to reduce per capita water consumption. These include programs such as public information campaigns, an inclining block water rate structure to reduce peak day consumption, winter-summer water rate adjustments to reduce summer consumption, and a “wet-month average” sewer rate structure. 120 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-37 The District will be also working with the City to introduce water conservation measures by amending the zoning and building codes. These measures include a requirement for low flow showerheads and toilets, utilizing species for landscaping with reduced irrigation needs, and use of reclaimed water for irrigation. Transmission/Distribution System The results of computer modeling have found the transmission and distribution pipeline network to be very robust. Of particular note is that the fire insurance rating for South King Fire and Rescue improved from Class 3 to Class 2 in 2004 and currently remains at Class 2. The majority of the District is served by this fire agency. Approximately Fforty percent of the score for the rating process is based upon available water supply. This rating improvement is a significant accomplishment, as the new classification is on par with the rating held in Seattle and Bellevue, the only other departments to hold a Class 2 rating (no fire agency in Washington holds a Class 1 rating). The pipeline network is continuing to be expanded through developer extension projects undertaken by land development activity. Emergency Interties The District has eight emergency interties with adjoining systems of other utilities. Emergency interties allow the District to buy or sell water with adjoining utilities in an emergency and provides enhanced system reliability. The District has three emergency interties with the City of Tacoma’s water system, three emergency interties with Highline Water District’s water systems, one emergency intertie with the City of Milton’s water system, and one emergency intertie with the City of Auburn. Forecast of Future Needs The Water Plan estimates future need by analyzing existing water demand (measured consumption plus unaccounted-for/non-revenue water loss) patterns on a daily, seasonal, and yearly basis. The District breaks down the water demand values on an “equivalent residential unit” (ERU) basis, which is essentially the amount of water used by an “average” family residing in an “average” single family residence situated within the District’s water service area, if used uniformly over the year. The six-year District-wide average of measured unit consumption, including unaccounted for water, between 2006 and 2011 was 231.55 gallons per day (gpd) per ERU and ranged between 257 gpd per ERU in 2006 to 208 gpd per ERU in 2011. For planning purposes, the District conservatively used 248 gallons per day per ERU. Population and employment growth projections converted to ERU’s are then utilized to estimate future water demands. Utilizing a conservative methodology that disregards the impact of the District’s water conservation efforts, the Water Plan estimateds 121 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-38 average day demands wouldill increase from 11.43 MGD in 2014, to 13.03 MGD in 2024, and to 14.3 MGD in 2034. Expanded and Improved Facilities The District has programmed a number of system improvements to maintain and expand the existing water system. These improvements are summarized below. Groundwater Resources The District is continuing to pursue its OASIS (Optimization of Aquifer Storage for Increased Supply) project, under the ASR (Aquifer Storage and Recovery) concept. The OASIS feasibility study determined that the Mirror Lake Aquifer can be used to store up to approximately 9.4 billion gallons of water filled over the winter from excess water supply and withdrawn it over the drier summer months for water supply purposes. Combining funding from its wastewater utility, the District is also pursuing its Water Reuse/Reclamation Program, utilizing wastewater suitably treated at the Lakota Wastewater Treatment Plant, conveyed through a separate pipeline system, and utilized for beneficial purposes, such as augmenting groundwater supplies. Second Supply Pipeline Improvements continue to be implemented at the Howard Hanson Dam on the Green River in order to expand storage behind the dam. This will help mitigate the seasonal variation in available water by increasing in-stream flows during the drier parts of the year. Water Quality The implementation of a filtration facility on the Green River water supply conveyed by the Second Supply Project will be completed in 2015 was recently completed in coordination with the SSP partners. The District also has plans to install one additional treatment system at the Well 10C site to remove iron, manganese, and other impurities from the groundwater. Transmission/Distribution System Long-term improvements to the transmission and distribution pipeline network are recommended in Sections 9 and 11 of the 2014 Water Plan. Significant investments are also contemplated to relocate existing pipelines that will conflict with infrastructure resulting from street improvement projects undertaken by other agencies within the District’s water service area. Finance Plan A utility undertakes a capital program for many different reasons, including: expanding the capacity of its systems, maintaining the integrity of existing systems, and addressing regulatory requirements. The District is required to develop its own Water Plan and to support regional decisions on population growth and land use. The District has identified several significant capital improvement projects in its 2014 Water Plan. The scheduling of these projects is included in the District’s most recent 122 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-39 Capital Improvement Program (CIP) that is developed and approved annually. The District has access to sufficient funds that can be utilized for operation and maintenance of its existing facilities, and for pursuing capital projects. In addition, the District has depreciation, interest income, assessment income, and connection charge monies that it can utilize for funding the CIP. Additionally, the District can also borrow money or adjust rates, if necessary, to best meet the needs of its customers. The District has utilized a very conservative approach in budgeting for the CIP by utilizing the growth projections developed by each of the land use jurisdictions located within the District. The District will provide facilities as required to support growth within its service area. The schedule and project costs will be updated annually through the District’s budget and capital improvement program process. 6.9 SEWER SYSTEMS This section primarily summarizes the Lakehaven Water and Sewer Utility District (the District) including the District’s most recently adopted’s Comprehensive Wastewater 2009 Comprehensive Wastewater System Plan (Wastewater Plan, incorporated in full by reference as now or hereafter amended), while providing up-to- date information where warranted. The Lakehaven Utility District’sDistrict’s (hereinafter referred to as “the District” in this section) sewer area is located in the southwest portion of King County, including the unincorporated areas east of the existing City limits of Federal Way. As of the end of 2007, the District was serving a residential population of approximately 120,100 through 27,000 connections. Map VI-9 shows the District’s sewer service area. Other utilities provide retail sewer service to relatively small portions of the District’s corporate area, including Midway Sewer District provides sewer service to a small area on the north end of Federal Way’s City limits. on the north side of the District, the City of Auburn on the east side of the District, and the City of Milton/Pierce County on the south side of the District. In addition, other utilities provide conveyance and treatment services to portions of the District’s retail sewer service area, including Midway Sewer District, Metro/King County, Pierce County, and the City of Tacoma. As of the end of 2007, the District was serving a residential population of approximately 120,100 through 27,000 connections. Lakehaven also provides by contract the operation and maintenance requirements for most of the sewer facilities within the City of Edgewood.As of 2023, Midway Sewer District has 9 business connections, 7 single-family connections, as well as connections to two multifamily complexes and one mobile home park in Federal Way. Map xx shows the service areas of Lakehaven and Midway Sewer Districts. Some of the information in this section is based on the most recent (2017) Lakehaven Comprehensive Wastewater System Plan. 123 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-40 Inventory of Existing Facilities The sanitary sewer system is comprised of three major components: the trunk collection system, the pump station system, and the wastewater treatment and disposal system. The trunk system collects wastewater from drainage basins and conveys it to the treatment facilities, primarily by gravity flow. In areas where the use of gravity flow is not possible, pump stations and force mains are used to pump the sewage to a location where gravity flow can be used. The locations of the major components are provided in the 2009 Wastewater Plan. The existing collection system operated and maintained by the District consists of approximately 340 miles of sanitary sewer pipe, 28 pump stations, six siphons, and two secondary wastewater treatment plants, namely the Lakota Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Redondo Wastewater Treatment Plant. The system has been constructed over a number of years, as dictated by development trends in the area. The system is currently divided into six primary basins and 40 smaller sub-basins. The wastewater generated within the two largest basins, Lakota and Redondo, flow to the District’s wastewater treatment plants. The remaining four basins currently discharge to the other utilities for treatment and disposal, as mentioned above. The District currently has the capacity in all the major components of the system to accommodate the existing demand for sanitary sewer service Forecast of Future Needs Population forecasts are based on the adopted land use plans of the various jurisdictions within which the District operates. The population figures are presented by drainage basin to allow for evaluation of the system and consideration of future improvement alternatives. The population within the District’s sewer service area is projected to increase to nearly 139,970 by 2030, approaching the projected “ultimate” population of 273,430 based upon land capacity. An estimated 7,500 on-site wastewater disposal systems are in operation within the District’s corporate boundary. It is anticipated that sewer service will be extended to these “unsewered” areas as on-site systems become less viable to maintain and/or when new development requires public sewers. The average base daily flow tributary to the District’s two wastewater treatment plants, excluding infiltration and inflow (I & I), is currently estimated at 6.71 MGD and is expected to increase to nearly 9.06 MGD by 2030, and nearly 17.24 MGD at full development. Peak hourly flows tributary to the District’s two wastewater treatment plants, including I & I, are currently estimated at 30.3 MGD, and are expected to increase to nearly 45.75 MGD by 2030, and 67.11 MGD at full development. Hydraulic capacity at both wastewater treatment plants is estimated to be available up to the original design peak hour capacities of 22.0 MGD for Lakota and 13.8 MGD for Redondo. Expanded and Improved Facilities The District has completed construction on the rehabilitation and lengthening of the 124 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-41 Redondo Wastewater Treatment Plant’s outfall pipeline that discharges treated wastewater into Puget Sound. The old biosolids dewatering equipment was replaced with new, more efficient equipment to help reduce operating costs . The District is pursuing many other projects to improve the performance of the facilities (energy conservation, water quality, biosolid quality, reduced maintenance, etc.). Combining funding from its water utility, the District also has long-range plans for its Water Reuse/Reclamation Project, utilizing wastewater suitably treated at the Lakota Wastewater Treatment Plant, conveyed through a separate pipeline system, and utilized for beneficial purposes, such as augmenting groundwater supplies. Additional new and expanded sewer facilities are planned to divert existing flows currently being conveyed to other utilities for treatment to its own treatment facilities (new Pump Station No. 44 and expanded Pump Station No. 33b). On-site emergency generators are now in place at other existing pump stations (Pump Stations No. 12, 37 and 41) to allow their continuous operation during a commercial power outage. The District is continuing to approve new pressure sewer collection systems as an alternative to gravity systems to provide sewer service availability to residents in established neighborhoods, particularly those around lakes. Finance Plan A utility undertakes a capital program for many different reasons, including: expanding the capacity of its systems, maintaining the integrity of existing systems, and addressing regulatory requirements. The District is required to develop its own Wastewater Plan and to support regional decisions on population growth and land use. The District has identified several significant capital improvement projects in its 2009 Wastewater Plan. The scheduling of these projects is included in the District’s most current Capital Improvement Program (CIP) that is developed and approved annually. The District has access to sufficient funds that can be utilized for operations and maintenance of its existing facilities, and for pursuing capital projects. In addition, the District has depreciation, interest income, assessment income, and connection charge monies that it can utilize for funding the CIP. Additionally, the District can borrow money or adjust rates, if necessary, to best meet the needs of its customers. The District has utilized a very conservative approach in budgeting for the CIP by utilizing the growth projections developed by each of the land use jurisdictions located within the District. The District will provide facilities as required to support growth within its service area. The schedule and project costs will be updated annually through the District’s budget and capital improvement program process. 6.10 FIRE FACILITIES [UPDATES PENDING FOR ENTIRE SECTION BASED ON REVIEW FROM SOUTH KING FIRE] This section summarizes the South King Fire and Rescue Strategic Leadership Plan, and the department’s subsequent updates. The fire department provides service to the entire City of Federal Way, the entire City of Des Moines, and surrounding unincorporated 125 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-42 area. Total population in the department’s service area is approximately 150,000 citizensresidents. Services include fire suppression, fire prevention (building inspection and public information), emergency medical, hazardous materials responses, public education, emergency management, and rescue emergencies (special operations). South King Fire and Rescue has a contract with the City of Federal Way and Valley Communications for the provision of emergency 911 communications, wherein they act together with the City as a part owner of Valley Communications. The South King Fire and Rescue Strategic Leadership Plan identifies and programs improvements that are necessary to maintain existing service standards and to meet the needs of future residents and businesses. The plan and future updates are adopted by reference into the FWCP as now or hereafter amended. The fire department provides fire suppression service to the entire City. In order to do this, the department has adopted LOS standards found in the South King Fire and Rescue Resolution Number 413. • Each emergency fire response should include a minimum of 15 trained and equipped firefighters and apparatus commensurate with the emergency (a standard response of four engines, one ladder truck, and one command vehicle are sent on all structural incidents). • Each emergency medical response should include a minimum of one response vehicle and three fully-equipped and fully-trained crew members on a responding engine company, or two crew members on an aid car (either an engine or an aid car, or a combination of both, can be sent on the response depending upon the severity). • The fire department provides a full building inspection service for fire code compliance. The department is currently providing service that is generally consistent with its adopted LOS standards. The fire department also depends on having adequate water pressure available in fire hydrants to extinguish fires. The department works with the Lakehaven Utility District, Highline Water District (in the City of Des Moines), and other water utilities within its corporate limits, to ensure that adequate “fire flow” is always available. Lakehaven 126 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-43 Utility District’s Water System Plan analyzes “fire flow” rates available at different points in its water system, and programs improvements to the water system to ensure that sufficient water is available for fire suppression. Emergency Medical Services Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responds to 911 calls and provides field services. This service is paid for by property taxes. EMS is provided as a marginal cost to the fire department as fire facilities are utilized to provide this service to the community. The fire department replaces its five front line aid cars, of which three are staffed on a normal basis, commensurate with its capital replacement plan and capital reserves system. The section on funding (Funding Plan) addresses how the ongoing replacement purchase of these aid cars will be funded. Inventory and Capacity of Existing Facilities The department has two major types of capital facilities. One is fire stations and the other is capital investment in equipment and, in particular, fire engines. The department’s fire stations are shown on Map VI-10. Forecast of Future Needs From 1986 through 1992, emergency responses increased at an average annual rate of over eight percent. In 1990, public education efforts included 911-use/abuse training. The increases in call volume during 1993 and 1994 leveled off with 1994 volume increasing only 1.5 percent from the 1992 level. It is unknown, however, how much, if any, effect the 911 public education effort had on actual call volumes. In 1995 and 1996, calls for service again increased at an average rate of 8.1 percent. Although calls actually decreased slightly in 1997, call volumes increased by 14 percent in 1998. By 2013, call volumes had exceeded 16,000 for the year and the historic . The call data indicateds a fairly steady increase of approximately six percent per year. Emergency medical incidents have increased more rapidly than non-medical incidents. Structure fires have declined since the 1990s; however, emergency medical incidents have steadily increased. It is unknown what the impact of the Affordable Health Care Act will have on call volumes. The challenge for the fire department will be to manage fixed-cost investments, such as new stations, and to be flexible in its ability to meet fluctuating call volumes. Location and Capacity of Expanded or New Facilities The Federal Way Fire Department (King County Fire Protection District #39) has existed since 1949. In the early 1990s, the City of Federal Way annexed into the fire district via a public vote, thus empowering the stand alone fire district the ability to provide fire and EMS services to the newly formed city as a municipal corporation governed by an elected 127 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-44 Board of Fire Commissioners. In September of 2005, the citizens within theresidents of the City of Des Moines (protected by King County Fire Protection District #26) voted overwhelmingly to merge with the Federal Way Fire Department (King County Fire Protection District #39). The City of Des Moines had previously annexed into King #26, just like the City of Federal Way’s annexation into King #39. The result of this merger caused the name of the fire department to change from the Federal Way Fire Department to its present South King Fire and Rescue. The legal name for the fire district is actually King County Fire Protection District #39 (KCFPD #39), although the department does business as South King Fire and Rescue. South King Fire and Rescue operates out of eight stations, seven of which are response stations with the eighth being a training and maintenance facility. Two of the eight stations are located within the City of Des Moines, two stations lie within unincorporated King County, and four are located within the City of Federal Way. The fire department responds on more than 16,000 emergencies annually. The department may have need for an additional station in the near future in the south end of the City in the vicinity of 356th and Pacific Highway. The department anticipates that the calls for service in the south end of the district will also continue to grow. In this eventuality, an additional station may be needed to maintain acceptable response times. The department has acquired property in the area of 356th and Pacific Highway South through a swap of properties with Lakehaven Utility District to assure future availability of a station site. Any new station should be able to accommodate an on-duty crew of three fire fighters, with appropriate living and sleeping quarters. In addition, the structure should be able to house two engines and an aid car, with room for growth dictated by LOS demands. It may be appropriate to provide a public meeting room and an office for community policing in new facilities. The cost of these facilities is approximately $6,000,000. Equipment would be in the range of $1,000,000 for a new station. The fire department does not presently have a timeline for construction of the new fire station, as it would likely require a voter approved bond issue for funding. Additionally, the department may have a need for a major station remodel at one of the Des Moines stations located at approximately 272nd and 16th Avenue South; a major upgrade to the Training Facility, currently located at 14th Avenue SW and 312th Street; and the potential for additional fire stations to be built based upon need on property owned by the fire district at 30th Avenue South and 288th; Hoyt Road and Dash Point Road SW; and a major piece of property at 320th and 37th Avenue South. The property at 320th and 37th Avenue South has been purchased with a future goal of building an expanded training facility, drill towers, administrative offices, emergency operations center for disasters, a fleet shop, and a facilities maintenance building. Any future development would likely be predicated upon community needs and funded through a voter-approved bond issue in the future. Funding Plan The fire department has established a capital reserve fund for the systematic replacement of all capital equipment, which took a hit during the recession of 2008-2012. These reserves were funded from the annual revenues of the department. As the economy 128 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-45 recovers, the capital reserve system will be funded and become active once again. To bridge the gap created by the recession as related to the capital and equipment needs of the district, a voter-approved bond issue will likely be placed in front of the electorate in the 2015-2017 time frame. The department also has established a long term goal of a minimum of four-paid fire fighters on each fire apparatus (this is the national standard adopted by NFPA 1710). Additional staff that is hired in support of that goal will be funded from either new construction levies or additional voter-approved levies. The department has not established any funds for purchase of new stations or associated equipment. These purchases would require voter-approved bonds. In the department’s annually adopted budget, capital projects are identified. This capital projects list is up-dated based on completed projects and changing priorities. The FWCP adopts by reference, as now or hereafter amended, the South King Fire and Rescue Strategic Leadership Plan, as well as the annual capital improvements program update. Additionally, the department is seeking to receive impact fees based upon growth within the community, which directly affects its level of service. This is being sought both locally and legislatively, as fire districts have to manage growth the same as schools and other public facilities. If successful, impact fees could assist in offsetting the capital costs of added infrastructure. 6.11 GOALS AND POLICIES The goals and policies in this section implement the requirements of the GMA, VISION 2040 and the CWPPs. The City of Federal Way takes responsibility for implementing only those goals and policies for services provided by the City. Special service districts, such as the Federal Way School District, Lakehaven Utility District, and South King Fire and Rescue, must implement goals and policies that are consistent with their respective plans. The City does intend; however, to closely coordinate the City’s plan with these service districts so that the citizens of Federal Way receive the highest level of service possible. Goal CFG1 RegularlyAnnually update the Capital Facilities Plans to implement the FWCP by coordinating urban services, land use decisions, level of service standards, and financial resources with a fully funded schedule of capital improvements. Policies CFP1.1 Provide needed public facilities and services to implement the FWCP. CFP1.2 Support and encourage joint development and use of community facilities with other governmental or community organizations in areas of mutual concern and benefit. CFP1.3 Emphasize capital improvement projects that promote the conservation, 129 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-46 preservation, redevelopment, and revitalization of commercial, industrial, and residential areas in Federal Way. CFP1.4 ReferenceAdopt by reference all capital facilities plans and future amendments prepared by other special districts that provide services within the City to support implementation of the FWCP. These plans must be consistent with the FWCP. CFP1.5 RAdopt by reference the annual update of the Federal Way Capital Improvement Program for parks/recreation, surface water management, and the Transportation Improvement Program to support implementation of the FWCP. CFP1.6 Protect investments in existing facilities through an appropriate level of funding for maintenance and operations. CFP1.7 Maximize the use of existing public facilities and promote orderly compact urban growth. Goal CFG2 To meet current needs for capital facilities in Federal Way, correct deficiencies in existing systems, and replace or improve obsolete facilities. Balancing existing capital facilities needs with the need to provide additional facilities to serve growth is a major challenge for Federal Way. It is important to maintain our prior investments as well as serve new growth. Policies CFP8CFP2.1 Give priority consideration to projects mandated by local, state, and federal law. CFP9CFP2.2 Give priority consideration to subsequent phases of phased projects when phase one is fully funded and under construction. CFP2.310 Give priority consideration to projects that renovate existing facilities and preserve the community’s prior investment or reduce maintenance and operating costs. CFP2.411 Give priority consideration to projects that correct existing capital facilities deficiencies, encourage full utilization of existing facilities, or replace worn out or obsolete facilities. CFP2.512 Give priority to projects where leveraged monies such as grants and low interest loans can be used. Goal CFG3 Provide capital facilities to serve and direct future growth within Federal Way and its Potential Annexation Area asas it they further develops. 130 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-47 It is crucial to identify, in advance of development, sites for schools, parks, fire and police stations, major stormwater facilities, greenbelts, open space, and road connections. Acquisition of sites for these facilities must occur in a timely manner and as early as possible in the overall development of the area. Otherwise, acquisition opportunities will be missed, with long-term functional or financial implications. Policies CFP3.113 Provide the capital facilities needed to serve the future growth anticipated by the FWCP. CFP3.214 Coordinate efforts between the Public Works and Parks Departments in the acquisition of and planning for public open space, recreation, public education, and stream preservation within the Hylebos Basin. Departments may combine resources as appropriate to increase project efficiencies and success rates in pursuit of grant opportunities. CFP3.315 Give priority consideration to projects needed to meet concurrency requirements for growth management. CFP3.416 Plan and coordinate the location of public facilities and utilities in advance of need. CFP3.517 Continue to iImplement a concurrency management system which permits project approval only after a finding is made that there is capacity available in the transportation system sufficient to maintain the adopted level of service standard. CFP3.618 The provision of urban services shall be Ccoordinated the provision of urban services to ensure that areas identified for urban expansion growth are accompanied with the maximum possible use of existing facilities and cost- effective service provisions and extensions while ensuring the protection and preservation of resources. CFP3.719 Coordinate future economic activity with planning for public facilities and services. CFP20 Purchase property in the Potential Annexation Area and keep it in reserve for future City parks and surface water facilities. CFP3.821 Consider public/private partnerships to leverage structured parking in association with City Center development or redevelopment, in fulfillment of comprehensive plan vision and goals. CFP3.9 Require connection to sanitary sewer service where sewer service is available and where there would be no harm to environmental critical areas.. Goal CFPG4 Provide adequate funding for capital facilities in Federal Way to ensure the FWCP vision and goals are implemented. The GMA requires that the Land Use chapter be reassessed if funding for capital facilities falls short of needs. The intent is to ensure that necessary capital facilities are available 131 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-48 prior to, or concurrently with new growth and development. Capital facilities plans must show a balance between costs and revenues. There are essentially five options available for balancing the capital facilities budget: increase revenues, decrease level of service standards, decrease the cost of the facilities, decrease the demand for the public service, or reduce the rate of growth and new development. Policies CFP4.122 Manage the City of Federal Way’s fiscal resources to support provideing needed capital improvements. Ensure a balanced approach to allocating financial resources between: 1) major maintenance of existing facilities; 2) eliminating existing capital facility deficiencies; and 3) providing new or expanding existing facilities to serve new growth. CFP4.223 Use the Capital Facilities Plans to integrate all of the community’s capital project resources including grants, bonds, general funds, donations, impact fees, and any other available funding. CFP4.224 Ensure that long-term capital financing strategies and policies are consistent with all the other FWCP chapters. CFP4.325 Pursue funding strategies that require new growth and development to pay its fair share of the cost of facilities that are required to maintain adopted level of service standards. One such strategy that should be implemented in the near term is an impact fee program for parks. CFP4.426 Promote a more efficient use of all public facilities by enacting interlocal agreements which facilitate joint maintenance and operations of those facilities. CFP4.527 Use the following available contingency strategies should the City be faced with capital facility funding shortfalls: ▪ Increase revenues by selling general obligation bonds, enacting utility taxes, imposing impact fees, and/or raising property tax levy rates. ▪ Decrease level of service standards to a level that is more affordable. ▪ Decrease the cost of a proposed facility by changing or modifying the scope of the project. ▪ Decrease the demand for the service or facilities by establishing a moratorium on development, focusing development into areas where facility capacity is available, or changing project timing and/or phasing. CFP4.628 Aggressively pursue grants or private funds when available to finance capital facility projects. CFP4.729 Maximize the usefulness of bond funds by using these monies to the greatest extent possible as matching funds for grants. Goal CFPG5 Ensure that the Federal Way Capital Facilities Plans areis current and responsive to the community vision and goals. 132 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-49 The role of monitoring and evaluation is vital to the effectiveness of any planning program and particularly for the Capital Facilities chapter. The City’s revenues and expenditures are subject to economic fluctuations and are used to predict fiscal trends in order to maintain the City’s adopted level of service for public facilities. This Capital Facilities Plan will be reviewed and amended in accordance with state update requirements to verify that fiscal resources are available to provide public facilities needed to support adopted LOS standards. Policies CFP5.130 Monitor the progress of the Capital Facilities Plan on an ongoing basis, including the completion of major maintenance projects, the expansion of existing facilities, and the addition of new facilities. Evaluate this progress with respect to trends in the rate and distribution of growth, impacts upon service quality, and FWCP direction. CFP5.231 Review, update, and amend the Capital Facilities Plan in accordance with state update requirements. Respond to changes in the rates of growth, new development trends, and changing City priorities, budget, and financial considerations. Make provisions to reassess the FWCP periodically in light of the evolving Capital Facilities Plan. Take appropriate action to ensure internal consistency of the chapters in the plan. CFP5.332 Continue to coordinate with other capital facility and service providers to ensure that all necessary services and facilities are provided prior to or concurrent with new growth and development. CFP5.4 Establish new or expanded sites for public facilities, utilities, and infrastructure in a manner that ensures disaster resiliency and public service recovery. Goal CFPG6 Manage the Surface Water Utility in a manner that makes efficient use of limited resources to address the most critical problems first, and which expresses community values and priorities. Policies CFP6.133 The utility shall continue to have a role in developing and implementing regional, state, and federal surface water policies and programs and, in doing so, shall seek to: ▪ Achieve the City’s environmental goals. ▪ Contain utility ratepayer costs. ▪ Ensure state and federal requirements are achievable. ▪ Maintain local control and flexibility in policy/program implementation. The utility’s role in developing and implementing regional, state, and federal 133 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-50 surface water policies and programs will include: ▪ Influencing legislation through lobbying and written and verbal testimony during formal comment periods ▪ Participating in rule making ▪ Reviewing technical documents ▪ Serving on advisory committees and work groups ▪ Participating in multi-jurisdictional studies and basin planning ▪ Entering into cooperative agreements with neighboring and regional agencies to accomplish common goals as appropriate and necessary CFP6.234 The utility’s funds and resources shall be managed in a professional manner in accordance with applicable laws, standards, and City financial policies. CFP6.335 The utility shall remain a self-supporting enterprise fund. CFP6.436 The utility Capital Improvement Program (CIP) will provide funding for the following types of projects: 1) Projects addressing flood control problems. 2) Projects needed to meet water quality policies. 3) Projects needed for renewal/replacement or additions to current infrastructure and facilities. 4) Projects necessary for resource protection and stewardship. CFP6.537 To the extent of funding limitations, the CIP shall be sustained at a level of service necessary to implement cost effective flood control mitigation; meet water quality policies; maintain system integrity; provide required resource stewardship and protection; and meet federal, state, and local regulations. CFP6.638 The utility will continue to strive to minimize the use of loans to fund necessary capital improvements, and will generally operate on a “pay-as-you- go basis.” However, low interest loans (i.e. Public Works Trust Fund) and/or grants will be used to leverage local funds when feasible. CFP6.739 Rates shall be set at the lowest level necessary to cover utility program expenses, meet levels of service identified in the “ 2015 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan Update, meet debt coverage requirements, and sustain a reserve balance consistent with these policies on a long-term basis. CFP6.840 Utility rates shall be evaluated bi-annually and adjusted as necessary to achieve utility financial policy objectives. CFP6.941 Utility rates will allocate costs between different customer classes on an equitable basis. CFP6.1042 The utility rate structure will be based on a financial analysis considering cost- of-service and other policy objectives, and will provide adjustments for actions taken under approved City standards to reduce related service impacts. 134 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Last Revised 20243 – Ord. 23-956 and 23-967 VI-51 CFP6.1143 Rates shall be uniform for all utility customers of the same class throughout the service area. CFP6.1244 Rate assistance programs may be provided for specific low-income customers. CFP6.1345 The utility’s annual budget and rate recommendations shall provide funding for the following reserve components: 1. A working capital component based on 17 percent of the current year’s budgeted operating and maintenance expenses. Under no circumstances shall a budget be submitted for a planned drop in reserves below this level. 2. An emergency/contingency component to cover excessive costs resulting from unexpected catastrophic events or system failures. Based on historical utility experience, this amount will be set at $500,000, which is the estimate of the net cost of emergency services to be paid from rate resources, excluding any potential reimbursements that may be received from Federal Emergency Management Act grants, the City’s General Liability Fund, or other external revenue sources. Goal CFG7 Ensure planning and siting for all capital facilities is conducted in an environmentally sound, socially equitable and inclusive manner. Policies CFP7.1 Inform the siting or expansion of essential public facilities or facilities of regional importance using a process that incorporates broad public involvement, especially from historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities, and that equitably disperses impacts and benefits while supporting the Countywide Planning Policies. CFP7.2 Work toward more affordable and equitable access to public facilities throughout Federal Way, with a particular focus on identifying coverage gaps and supporting increased access by historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities. CFP7.3 Consider climate change, economic, equity, and health impacts when supporting the siting and building of essential public services and facilities. CFP7.4 Implement water conservation and efficiency efforts to protect natural resources, reduce environmental impacts, and support a sustainable long-term water supply to serve the growing population. CFP7.5 Identify opportunities for water reuse and reclamation by high-volume non-potable water users such as parks, schools, and golf courses, and require where feasible. 135 of 219 6.12 Appendix Plans Incorporated by Reference The following plans, developed for the operations of different City programs and external agencies, are incorporated by reference into the Capital Facilities Chapter as now or hereafter amended: 1 Federal Way 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan 2 Federal Way Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan 3 Federal Way Public Schools 2024 Capital Facilities Plan 4 Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Comprehensive Water System Plan 5 Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Comprehensive Wastewater System Plan 6 South King Fire and Rescue Strategic Leadership Plan 7 South King Fire and Rescue Capital Improvements Program Maps Map xx, Surface Water Trunk System and Drainage Basins Map xx, Existing City Buildings Map xx, Water and Sewer District Service Providers 136 of 219 137 of 219 138 of 219 139 of 219 140 of 219 141 of 219 142 of 219 143 of 219 144 of 219 145 of 219 146 of 219 147 of 219 148 of 219 CHAPTER SIX CAPITAL FACILITIES 6.1 INTRODUCTION & VISION 1 Introduction Vision 6.2 FUNDING CAPITAL FACILITIES 3 Level of Service 3 Concurrency 4 Impact Fees 4 Funding/Financing 5 6.3 SURFACE WATER 5 Inventory of Existing Facilities 5 Forecast of Future Needs 7 Locations and Capacities of Future Facilities 7 Finance Plan 7 6.4 TRANSPORTATION 9 6.5 PARKS AND RECREATION 9 6.6 COMMUNITY FACILITIES 11 Community Gathering Facilities Municipal Facilities (General Government, Police, and Court Operations) 14 149 of 219 Maintenance Facility 14 Public Parking Facility 16 Summary of Existing Facilities and Future Needs Financing Plan 16 6.7 SCHOOL FACILITIES 17 6.8 WATER SYSTEMS 21 Inventory of Existing Facilities 21 Forecast of Future Needs 23 Expanded and Improved Facilities 23 Finance Plan 24 6.9 SEWER SYSTEMS 25 Inventory of Existing Facilities 25 Forecast of Future Needs 25 Expanded and Improved Facilities 26 Finance Plan 26 6.9.1 FIRE FACILITIES 27 Emergency Medical Services 28 Inventory and Capacity of Existing Facilities 28 Forecast of Future Needs 29 Location and Capacity of Expanded or New Facilities 29 Funding Plan 30 6.11 GOALS AND POLICIES 31 6.12 APPENDIX 150 of 219 6.1 INTRODUCTION & VISION Introduction The Capital Facilities chapter addresses public facilities and services necessary to support Federal Way’s planned growth. The City of Federal Way is expected to add 11,260 new housing units and 20,460 new jobs between the years 2019 and 2044. This growth will stimulate the local economy and maintain a diverse and vibrant community. It will also generate a corresponding demand for new public services and facilities, for stormwater management, transportation improvements, new parks and other community facilities, schools, water and sewer utilities, and fire facilities. These new facilities, and the financial implications they will have for Federal Way and its citizens, are the subject of this chapter. Capital Facilities Vision Capital facilities in Federal Way provide safe and reliable urban services that accommodate the City’s expected growth, respond and adapt to unexpected changes and needs, and position the City to achieve its 20-year vision and growth management priorities. Capital Facilities are provided through seamless and efficient collaboration and communication both internally within the City and in partnership with outside agencies and special districts. 6.2 FUNDING CAPITAL FACILITIES Level of Service A level of service (LOS), per WAC 365-196-210, is “an established minimum capacity of public facilities or services that must be provided per unit of demand or other appropriate measure of need. Level of service standards are synonymous with locally established minimum standards.” In short, it is the amount and quality of services and facilities that a community wants. For example, the LOS for a parks system is usually described in terms of the number of acres of parkland per 1,000 population. If a community has a strong desire for a good parks system, it will establish a higher LOS standard for itself. On the other hand, higher levels of service are more expensive to acquire, develop, operate, and maintain. As a result, the community may be forced, for financial reasons, to accept a lower LOS. Adopting a LOS for all of the services and facilities the City provides would help it: 1) evaluate how well it is serving existing residents; and 2) determine how many new facilities will have to be constructed to service new growth and development. Levels of services are established for different capital facilities in each of the following plans that are incorporated by reference, as now or hereafter amended, into the Capital Facilities chapter: 151 of 219 o Transportation Chapter of Federal Way Comprehensive Plan o Federal Way 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan o Federal Way Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan o Federal Way Public Schools 2024 Capital Facilities Plan o Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Comprehensive Water System Plan o Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Comprehensive Wastewater System Plan o South King Fire Strategic Leadership Plan Concurrency In addition to mandating that a Capital Facilities chapter be included in comprehensive plans, the GMA also introduced the concept of concurrency. Concurrency, per WAC 365-196-210, means that “adequate public facilities are available when the impacts of development occur, or within a specified time thereafter.” Concurrency has two levels of applicability. The first is at the planning level and refers to all services and facilities, over the long term, and at the citywide scale. Planning level concurrency is addressed in this chapter. It inventories all existing facilities and services, establishes a LOS standard for each, estimates new facility requirements to accommodate projected growth, and develops a financing plan that identifies the revenues necessary to pay for all the new facilities. If the necessary revenues are not available, then the jurisdiction fails the planning level concurrency test and must take appropriate action. Those actions include lowering the LOS standard, raising taxes, restricting growth, or a combination of these actions. This chapter satisfies the planning level concurrency requirement as outlined in the GMA. The second level of concurrency analysis is project specific and only required for transportation facilities. Specifically, the GMA (RCW 36.70A. 070[6]) states: “...local jurisdictions must adopt and enforce ordinances which prohibit development approval if the development causes the level of service on a locally owned or locally or regionally operated transportation facility to decline below the standards adopted in the transportation element of the comprehensive plan, unless transportation improvements or strategies to accommodate the impacts of development are made concurrent with the development.” That same section goes on to say that “concurrent with the development” means that improvements or strategies are in place at the time of development, or that a financial commitment is in place to complete the improvements or strategies within six years. Although project level concurrency is only required for transportation system facilities, WAC 365-196-840(1)(c) states that, “With respect to facilities other than transportation facilities, counties and cities may fashion their own regulatory responses and are not limited to imposing moratoria on development during periods when concurrency is not maintained.” The City adopted a Transportation Concurrency Management System, which became effective January 1, 2007. Impact Fees Local jurisdictions planning under the GMA are authorized to assess impact fees for development activity as part of financing for public facilities, such as parks, transportation, and schools. The fire district also has a direct impact on their level of service based on growth and thus, is working both locally and legislatively to ensure that they also secure additional revenue sources to offset the 152 of 219 impacts to service directly related to growth. Impact fees must be based on an adopted capital facilities plan. In addition, the collected fees must be used for projects that are reasonably related to and will reasonably benefit the development paying the fees. The fees must also be used within a specified time from the date they were collected or returned to the payee. Impact fees may be imposed for system improvement costs previously incurred to the extent that new growth and development will be served by the previously constructed improvements, provided they not be imposed to make up for any system improvement deficiencies. To impose an impact fee program, the City must have a plan in place to make up any existing system deficiencies. As of the time of this periodic update, Federal Way has adopted the ability to charge Parks, School, and Traffic Impact Fees. Funding/Financing Federal Way has worked to provide the highest LOS possible without raising taxes. However, all cities face demands for services that exceed available funding. The city continually seeks options to fund capital facilities and the associated maintenance and operations costs. If the City decides to generate additional revenues to fund capital facilities, there are several sources available. • On-going revenue: The City levies taxes and collects other revenues in the City’s general fund on an annual basis. Current taxing revenues include property taxes, sales taxes, utility taxes, and a real estate excise tax (REET). The City also charges impact fees. New taxes could include business and occupation tax or employee tax, additional taxes coming from a Tax Increment Financing area, and business improvement area tax. • “One time” funds are those that the City cannot count on having available on an annual basis. These funds include state and federal transportation, parks and stormwater management grants, and the sale of real property. On-going funds can be used for either capital facilities, debt service or maintenance and operations. One-time funds may be used only for one-time spending. For example, the City proposed two bond issues to finance capital facilities in 1995 and voters approved a permanent utility tax to pay for the maintenance and operations costs associated with new capital facilities. The City currently has the following General Obligation bonds as of the end of 2023: Bond In Millions Community Center Bond $7.125 SCORE Bond $9.335 PAEC (LTGO) $3.035 PAEC (Sect. 108) $1.917 6.3 SURFACE WATER Inventory of Existing Facilities Natural Systems The City of Federal Way drains to five major drainage basins: the Hylebos Creek, Lower Puget Sound, Green River, and Mill Creek basins. The Hylebos Creek Basin consists of the 153 of 219 East and West Hylebos sub-basins divided geographically in the vicinity of the Interstate 5 alignment. The Lower Puget Sound Basin consists of the Dumas Bay, Joe’s Creek, Lakota Creek, Cold Creek, Redondo Creek, Central Puget Sound, Poverty Bay, Lower North Puget Sound, and Browns-Dash sub-basins. Map VI-1 shows the planning area boundary and major drainage basin boundaries. Map VI-2 shows the major features of the natural system. The natural systems have been reviewed on a sub-basin level. This sub-basin information is contained in the City’s 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan and 2023 West Hylebos Stormwater Management Action Plan). Man-Made System The City maintains a comprehensive GIS inventory of storm drainage assets in the City (available for download from the City’s website). Map VI-2 shows existing regional facilities, storm drain trunk lines and streams. Based on the latest available data , public storm drain assets include: • Over 386 miles of storm drainage pipe • Over 91 miles of open channels and ditches • Over 21,735 junction structures (catch basins, manholes, flow splitters, etc.) • 271 outfalls • 165 bioswales facilities • 19 coalescing plate filters • 48 dispersal trench facilities • 299 stormwater ponds • 99 stormwater filter vaults • 388 stormwater vaults or tanks The City has made a significant number of improvements to the manmade system since incorporation in 1990. Many of the projects completed to date corrected existing localized flooding problems. During the comprehensive plan update in 2005, the City was transitioning to a regional system for surface water flow control (detention/retention). Regional facilities were constructed as capital projects based on existing and planned roads, land use, and zoning in the contributing watershed, and developments were able to buy into storage capacity in the facilities if they provided stormwater quality treatment on-site prior to releasing to the regional system. At present, flow control has shifted to an on-site approach due to increased regulatory requirements from the state and federal level as part of the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) permit for discharges from Small Municipal Separate Storm Sewers (MS4s). Municipal stormwater permits have become more stringent and both flow control and water quality facilities are required on-site at new development and re-development sites. The NPDES permit also requires new development and re-development to utilize Low Impact Development (LID) techniques where feasible. Additional regulatory information is discussed in the current Western Washington Phase II Municipal Stormwater Permit and the King County Surface Water Design Manual (KCSWDM). System Capacity All new facility construction use the following design standards based on the 2021 KCSWDM core requirements and the 2021 City of Federal Way Addendum to the KCSWDM, outlined as follows: 154 of 219 • 25-year peak flow conveyance capacity for storm drains • 25-year peak flow conveyance capacity for culverts • 25-year peak flow conveyance for ditches and channels • Tiered duration standard for flow control (see core requirement #3 in KCSWDM) Based on current design requirements and data on existing facilities, the City identifies deficiencies and the most cost effective ways to resolve them. The existing facilities inventory and design requirements also allow the City to plan for new facilities that will be needed to accommodate growth and development outlined in the Land Use Chapter. Additional surface water system information is discussed in the 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan. Forecast of Future Needs The City bi-annually updates a detailed six-year capital facilities plan. The plan identifies projects, prioritizes them, estimates the cost, and re-examines the utility rate structure to ensure that there is sufficient funding available over the next six years to construct these projects. See the 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan for more information. Locations and Capacities of Future Facilities See the 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan for the latest and complete locations and capacities of future stormwater facilities. As noted earlier, these projects address existing system deficiencies as well as the new facilities that will be needed to accommodate projected growth. Finance Plan The City has created a surface water utility to manage stormwater drainage, prevent flooding, and improve water quality. The City charges property owners an annual surface water fee, which, for commercial properties, is based upon the amount of impervious surface on the property and for residential properties is a fixed fee per parcel. These fees, along with any outside grant monies, provide the revenues that pay for new capital facilities projects, and operation and maintenance of the surface water system. Additional information regarding the annual surface water rate structure is available in Federal Way Revised Code Chapter 11.45. Projects are scheduled based on anticipated revenues, taking perpetual replacement into account. The capital facilities Table 5-1 in the 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan indicates project scheduling based on available funding and priority ranking. The City bi-annually updates the capital facilities plan to add, remove, reschedule, or reprioritize projects as needed. The 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan, which includes the capital facilities plan, is adopted by reference in this plan as now or hereafter amended. 155 of 219 6.4 TRANSPORTATION The GMA requires that local jurisdictions prepare a transportation chapter as part of the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan (FWCP). The GMA also authorizes jurisdictions to assess impact fees for transportation system improvements that are necessary to offset the traffic impacts created by new development. In order to assess impact fees, the capital facilities plan must include the list of transportation improvements and associated costs that necessitate the payment of impact fees. FWCP Chapter 3, “Transportation,” includes complete background, levels of service, inventory, forecast of future needs, proposed locations and capacities, and financing plan for transportation capital facilities. 6.5 PARKS AND RECREATION Parks and Recreation capital facilities planning information is found in FWCP Chapter 14, “Parks and Recreation”, with complete details found in the Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan which is incorporated by reference, as now or hereafter amended, into both the Parks and Recreation and Capital Facilities Chapters. Chapter 14 and the PROS plan include complete background, levels of service, inventory, forecast of future needs, proposed locations and capacities, and financing plan for parks and recreation capital facilities. Capital facilities planning information for some of the larger parks-managed facilities are found in the next section on “Community Facilities.” 6.6 COMMUNITY FACILITIES Significant community investments have been made since the city’s incorporation to implement the community’s vision for Federal Way. In addition to the investments in the surface water, transportation, and parks, the City also acquired and improved community facilities to house City operations and provide space for community gatherings and recreation. The following subsections describe all community facilities where the public gathers for events or recreation, municipal facilities with office space for conducting government operations, Parks and Public Works maintenance facilities, and an overview of future community facility needs. With the exception of certain Parks and Recreation buildings, most parks facilities are not inventoried in this section since they’re addressed in the PROS Plan which is incorporated by reference, as now or hereafter amended, in this Capital Facilities Chapter. Community Gathering Facilities Dumas Bay Centre The City acquired Dumas Bay Centre (a conference and retreat facility) in 1993. Strong local support for community recreation and arts activities translated into the City Council’s adoption of a 2% For the Arts ordinance to provide funding for arts in public places in 1994, and the construction of the 234-seat Knutzen Family Theatre in 1998, which is located at the Dumas Bay Centre. Community Center The City completed construction of a new 72,000 square foot Community Center in 2007. The facility houses 156 of 219 Recreation and Cultural Services staff, and includes athletic and community facilities suitable for a wide variety of events and programs. Performing Arts and Events Center The City of Federal Way Performing Arts and Event Center (PAEC) opened in 2017. This 44,000 sq. foot, 700 seat facility provides year-round space for performances, events, conferences and meetings. Municipal Facilities (General Government, Police, and Court Operations) City Hall City Hall, which consolidates most City administrative offices, Police, and the Municipal Court in one facility, was acquired in 2003. In addition to the City Hall parcel, the City also acquired two vacant lots to the north which is the location of the Police Evidence facility and overflow parking for the City Hall/ Municipal Court. Other Police Facilities Federal Way Police Department currently leases xx [four – double checking] substations. Since 2015, there has been an agreement between Balli Road, LLC and the Police Department for the use of office space, approximately 1,500 square feet, identified as the Federal Way Police Department Downtown Substation, located across the street from the Federal Way Transit Center. The space is used primarily by the Traffic and the Special Operations Unit. The location of the Downtown Substation is strategic to enhance patrol operations and visibility but was also necessary as to the limited office space at the main station at City Hall. In the next 10 years, the Police Department will require additional 10,000 square feet or more to accommodate the anticipated growth. In 2018, due to unsustainable financial obligation, the City of Federal Way discontinued utilizing South Correction Entity (SCORE) for inmate housing and began managing our own jail services by using available regional jail services, bringing significant financial savings for the City. Maintenance Facility The Parks and Public Works maintenance facility is located at 31132 28th Avenue South. The entire site is 4.1 acres with 4,110 square feet of office and work space and 172,000 square feet in fenced storage space. The structure was originally constructed as a Fire Station and subsequently acquired by the City. The current shop area is where the fire engines were stored. Parks Maintenance operates seven days a week, two shifts per day. The space needed for the maintenance operations includes crew quarters (including an area for daily time cards, breaks, and crew meetings/training, etc.), as well as a locker room. Public Works streets and surface water maintenance operations have similar needs for office space; operating Monday through Friday, year round, one shift per day. Both Parks and Public Works maintenance operations tend to intensify during the summer months. The City has outgrown the existing facility and has begun the process to secure additional adjacent properties to the north while simultaneously working on the design of a replacement 157 of 219 facility to meet the City’s current and projected needs. Construction of the new facility is anticipated to commence in 2024. Public Parking Facility Since the City sold the Town Center-3 (TC-3) site to Trent Development, there exists a shortage of parking for the PAEC. The City needs to acquire additional land to replace the parking that is being eliminated as part of property development. Public Parking Facility Recommendation Purchase property and construct approximately 350 new parking spaces to benefit the PAEC and visitors to Downtown Summary of Existing Facilities and Future Needs Existing Facilities Table xx Summary of Existing Community Facilities [Highlighted language/#s still being verified with other dept. staff] Building Name Own/ Leased Use Sq. ft. /Occupancy City Hall Own City operations not otherwise listed 88,085/approximately 304 FTE and Council Chamber Police Evidence Own Police evidence room 6,000/2 FTE Police Substations (4 total) Leased [still verifying information] [still verifying information] Federal Way Community Center Own Community recreation center with gym, pools, indoor track, climbing wall, senior lounge, pre-school, and educational classrooms, day care, arts and crafts program, and multipurpose room with kitchen. Recreation staff offices. 72,000/ 16 regular FTE and approximately 40-100 part-time temporary personnel Opened in 2007 Steel Lake Annex Own Historical Society 1,161/program only Steel Lake Maintenance Shop Own Maintenance operations, outdoor equipment and material storage 4,110 office and maintenance bay, 24.5 FTE, approximately 132,000 sq. ft. storage yard Celebration Park Maintenance Building Own Grounds equipment and sporting equipment 2,044 sq. ft. maintenance building Dumas Bay Centre (DBC) Own Public park, meeting/banquet/ overnight lodging 47,214 sq. ft. – 6 meeting rooms, 70 overnight rooms, 12 acre park ground Knutzen Family Theater (at DBC) Own 234 seats performing arts theatre and rehearsal room Miscellaneous Outdoor Storage Leased Street maintenance material and park equipment storage 10,000 material storage 2,000 equipment storage 158 of 219 Miscellaneous Indoor Storage Leased Spare office equipment/facility parts/ records 260 sq. ft. 2,160 cubic ft. boxes stored offsite in a document storage facility Future Facilities The City has identified a number of facilities to help deliver services more efficiently and adjust to the changing demographics of this community in the future. These projected needs are beyond the City’s ability to fund within the six-year planning horizon. However, in order to keep the community’s vision alive, we purposely did not exclude any of these community projects. The City Council will periodically review and prioritize these projects and provide funding when available. A description of these facilities with a summary list is provided in Table xx. Joint Operations and Maintenance Facility The new facility will expand the site of the existing Operations and Maintenance Facility. Downtown Parking Purchase property and construct approximately 350 new parking spaces to benefit the PAEC and visitors to Downtown. City Hall Conduct a needs analysis to evaluate the current utilization of City Hall. Included in this study will be a forecast for when the City should either build a new City Hall; or, lease additional space to accommodate growth; or, build an expansion to the existing building. Police Department Federal Way Police Department anticipates needing another 10,000 sq. ft. of office space by approximately 2033. Table xx Future Community Facility Needs Facility Type Approximate Date Size Approximate Cost Downtown Parking 2028 350-375 spaces $15 million City Hall 2030 120,000 sq. ft. $100 million Operations & Maintenance Facility 2025 $52 million Additional Police Department Office Space 2033 10,000 additional square feet Likely part of City Hall Financing Plan The City updates its capital improvements program every other year in conjunction with its biennial budget process. These updates reflect new project priorities and funding availability. While it may be desirable to deliver these facilities to the community as soon as possible, the 159 of 219 City’s projected revenues may not be able to support both their construction and required operating and on-going maintenance in the near term. Such public facilities may depend on future private or voter-approved funding sources. However, the City has approved the overall budget for the Operations and Maintenance Facility and is working to refine the design. Currently the expectation is that construction will be funded through a combination of cash on hand, utility funds, REET, and bonding which repayment will in part be funded through programmatic savings. As the design progresses the budget and available funding will continue to be refined. 6.7 SCHOOL FACILITIES The Federal Way Public School (FWPS) District includes the City of Federal Way, portions of incorporated City of Kent, City of Des Moines, City of Auburn, City of Algona, City of Milton and unincorporated areas of King County to the east of Interstate 5. The District provides educational programs to all students who live in the school district service area, whether they live in Federal Way, Kent, Des Moines, Auburn, Algona, Milton or unincorporated King County. A school outside the Federal Way City limits may provide service to students who live within the City limits and visa versa. The FWPS Capital Facilities Plan is incorporated by reference, as now or hereafter amended, and provides complete background, levels of service, inventory, forecast of future needs, proposed locations and capacities, and financing plan for school facilities. 160 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-13 6.8 WATER SYSTEMS This section primarily summarizes the water system operated by the Lakehaven Water and Sewer District (the District ) including information from the District’s most recently adopted Comprehensive Water System Plan (Water Plan, incorporated in full by reference as now or hereafter amended) while providing up-to-date information where warranted. Two other purveyors provide water service within Federal Way City limits. Tacoma Public Utilities, specifically Tacoma Water, serves an area on the west side of the Federal Way and the Highline Water District serves a small portion of the north side of Federal Way. For comparison, the District provides service to over 20,000 accounts in Federal Way, while Tacoma Water has approximately 3,200 active accounts, and Highline Water District has 263 active accounts in Federal Way. Map xx shows the service areas of Lakehaven, Tacoma Water, and Highline as water service providers in Federal Way. Some of the information in this section is based on the most recent (2016) Lakehaven Comprehensive Water System Plan. Inventory of Existing Facilities The locations of the District’s wells, storage, and other major components of the distribution system are provided in the Water Plan. The water system includes approximately 450 miles of water main, 25 production wells, 12 storage tanks, and connection to the Second Supply Project (SSP), which provides surface water from the Green River. The average annual daily demand during the years 2020 through 2022 was 9.68 million gallons-per-day (MGD). The facilities are described in the following sections. Second Supply Project (SSP) The District is a partner in the SPP (Green River water source) with the City of Tacoma, City of Kent, and Covington Water Districts. The District’s share of the project provides a water right capacity of up to 12.6 MGD. Due to operational considerations, stream flows, and water quality, the SSP is estimated to provide approximately 7.6 MGD on an annual basis. The District is accessing the pipeline at three flow control facilities provided at strategic locations along its route through the greater Federal Way area. These facilities allow the District to receive water from and send water to the SSP. Water Quality The District’s status with respect to regulated drinking water contaminants covered by the WAC 246-290 and anticipated water quality regulations is summarized in Section 10, “Water Quality,” of the Water System Plan. Regulations that have prompted treatment of the District’s groundwater supplies include the Lead and Copper Rule, Iron and Manganese Regulations, Arsenic Rule, and the Surface Water Treatment Rule (due to distribution of surface 161 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-14 water obtained from the SSP). To maintain optimized corrosion control in the distribution system (per the Lead and Copper Rule), the District adjusts the pH of groundwater pumped from Well Sites 10/10A, 15/15A, 18, and 19/19A. The District has installed water filtration treatment systems at Well Sites 9, 17/17A/17B, 19/19A, 20/20A, 21, 22/22A/22B, 23/23A, 29, and Well 33 for the removal of iron and manganese. Arsenic is removed from Wells 19 and 21. In 2006, the Long Term 2 Enhanced Surface Water Treatment Rule, regulated by the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), required unfiltered surface water utilities to plan for and provide water treatment to protect against waterborne parasites such as cryptosporidium (a protozoan that can cause gastro-intestinal illness in humans). After significant analysis and evaluation, Tacoma Water, Lakehaven Water and Sewer District, Covington Water District, and the City of Kent agreed to design and construct a surface water filtration facility for the Green River supply to meet the new EPA compliance requirements. The Green River Filtration Facility was completed and began operation in 2015. In addition to meeting the federal surface water treatment rules, the filtration facility will also remove turbidity and potential algae that can degrade the reliability and aesthetic quality of the water from the Green River. Storage Facilities The District’s water system was evaluated during the most recent (2016) Lakehaven Water System Plan Update using extended-period simulation modeling to evaluate the storage draw-down during fire flow events and to evaluate storage equalization during multiple- day periods of maximum- day demand conditions. The storage analysis model is summarized in Section 9, “System Analysis,” of the 2016 Water System Plan. In general, the District has a robust water system with redundant supply, large volumes of storage, and adequate, reliable pumping. Water Conservation Measures The District is committed to implementing aggressive water conservation measures to reduce per capita water consumption. These include programs such as public information campaigns, an inclining block water rate structure to reduce peak day consumption, winter-summer water rate adjustments to reduce summer consumption, and a “wet-month average” sewer rate structure. The District will be also working with the City to introduce water conservation measures by amending the zoning and building codes. These measures include a requirement for low flow showerheads and toilets, utilizing species for landscaping with reduced irrigation needs, and use of reclaimed water for irrigation. Transmission/Distribution System The results of computer modeling have found the transmission and distribution pipeline 162 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-15 network to be very robust. Of particular note is that the fire insurance rating for South King Fire improved from Class 3 to Class 2 in 2004 and currently remains at Class 2. The majority of the District is served by this fire agency. Approximately forty percent of the score for the rating process is based upon available water supply. This rating improvement is a significant accomplishment, as the new classification is on par with the rating held in Seattle and Bellevue, the only other departments to hold a Class 2 rating (no fire agency in Washington holds a Class 1 rating). The pipeline network is continuing to be expanded through developer extension projects undertaken by land development activity. Emergency Interties The District has eight emergency interties with adjoining systems of other utilities. Emergency interties allow the District to buy or sell water with adjoining utilities in an emergency and provides enhanced system reliability. The District has three emergency interties with the City of Tacoma’s water system, three emergency interties with Highline Water District’s water systems, one emergency intertie with the City of Milton’s water system, and one emergency intertie with the City of Auburn. Forecast of Future Needs The Water Plan estimates future need by analyzing existing water demand (measured consumption plus unaccounted-for/non-revenue water loss) patterns on a daily, seasonal, and yearly basis. The District breaks down the water demand values on an “equivalent residential unit” (ERU) basis, which is essentially the amount of water used by an “average” family residing in an “average” single family residence situated within the District’s water service area, if used uniformly over the year. The six-year District-wide average of measured unit consumption, including unaccounted for water, between 2006 and 2011 was 231.55 gallons per day (gpd) per ERU and ranged between 257 gpd per ERU in 2006 to 208 gpd per ERU in 2011. For planning purposes, the District conservatively used 248 gallons per day per ERU. Population and employment growth projections converted to ERU’s are then utilized to estimate future water demands. Utilizing a conservative methodology that disregards the impact of the District’s water conservation efforts, the Water Plan estimated average day demands would increase from 11.43 MGD in 2014to 14.3 MGD in 2034. Expanded and Improved Facilities The District has programmed a number of system improvements to maintain and expand the existing water system. These improvements are summarized below. Groundwater Resources The District is continuing to pursue its OASIS (Optimization of Aquifer Storage for Increased Supply) project, under the ASR (Aquifer Storage and Recovery) concept. The OASIS feasibility study determined that the Mirror Lake Aquifer can be used to store up to approximately 9.4 billion gallons of water filled over the winter from excess water supply and withdrawn it over the drier summer months for water supply purposes. Combining funding from its wastewater utility, the District is also pursuing its Water Reuse/Reclamation Program, utilizing wastewater suitably treated at the Lakota Wastewater Treatment Plant, conveyed through a separate pipeline system, and utilized for beneficial purposes, such as augmenting groundwater supplies. 163 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-16 Second Supply Pipeline Improvements continue to be implemented at the Howard Hanson Dam on the Green River in order to expand storage behind the dam. This will help mitigate the seasonal variation in available water by increasing in-stream flows during the drier parts of the year. Water Quality The implementation of a filtration facility on the Green River water supply conveyed by the Second Supply Project was recently completed in coordination with the SSP partners. Transmission/Distribution System Long-term improvements to the transmission and distribution pipeline network are recommended in the Water Plan. Significant investments are also contemplated to relocate existing pipelines that will conflict with infrastructure resulting from street improvement projects undertaken by other agencies within the District’s water service area. Finance Plan A utility undertakes a capital program for many different reasons, including: expanding the capacity of its systems, maintaining the integrity of existing systems, and addressing regulatory requirements. The District is required to develop its own Water Plan and to support regional decisions on population growth and land use. The District has identified several significant capital improvement projects in its Water Plan. The scheduling of these projects is included in the District’s most recent Capital Improvement Program (CIP) that is developed and approved annually. The District has access to sufficient funds that can be utilized for operation and maintenance of its existing facilities, and for pursuing capital projects. In addition, the District has depreciation, interest income, assessment income, and connection charge monies that it can utilize for funding the CIP. Additionally, the District can also borrow money or adjust rates, if necessary, to best meet the needs of its customers. The District has utilized a very conservative approach in budgeting for the CIP by utilizing the growth projections developed by each of the land use jurisdictions located within the District. The District will provide facilities as required to support growth within its service area. The schedule and project costs will be updated annually through the District’s budget and capital improvement program process. 6.9 SEWER SYSTEMS This section primarily summarizes the Lakehaven Water and Sewer District (the District) including the District’s most recently adopted Comprehensive Wastewater (Wastewater Plan, incorporated in full by reference as now or hereafter amended), while providing up- to-date information where warranted. The District’s sewer area is located in the southwest 164 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-17 portion of King County, including the unincorporated areas east of the existing City limits of Federal Way. Midway Sewer District provides sewer service to a small area on the north end of Federal Way’s City limits. As of 2023, Midway Sewer District has 9 business connections, 7 single-family connections, as well as connections to two multifamily complexes and one mobile home park in Federal Way. Map xx shows the service areas of Lakehaven and Midway Sewer Districts. Some of the information in this section is based on the most recent (2017) Lakehaven Comprehensive Wastewater System Plan. Inventory of Existing Facilities The sanitary sewer system is comprised of three major components: the trunk collection system, the pump station system, and the wastewater treatment and disposal system. The trunk system collects wastewater from drainage basins and conveys it to the treatment facilities, primarily by gravity flow. In areas where the use of gravity flow is not possible, pump stations and force mains are used to pump the sewage to a location where gravity flow can be used. The locations of the major components are provided in the Wastewater Plan. The existing collection system operated and maintained by the District consists of approximately 340 miles of sanitary sewer pipe, 28 pump stations, six siphons, and two secondary wastewater treatment plants, namely the Lakota Wastewater Treatment Plant and the Redondo Wastewater Treatment Plant. The system has been constructed over a number of years, as dictated by development trends in the area. The system is currently divided into six primary basins and 40 smaller sub-basins. The wastewater generated within the two largest basins, Lakota and Redondo, flow to the District’s wastewater treatment plants. The remaining four basins currently discharge to the other utilities for treatment and disposal, as mentioned above. The District currently has the capacity in all the major components of the system to accommodate the existing demand for sanitary sewer service Forecast of Future Needs Population forecasts are based on the adopted land use plans of the various jurisdictions within which the District operates. The population figures are presented by drainage basin to allow for evaluation of the system and consideration of future improvement alternatives. An estimated 7,500 on-site wastewater disposal systems are in operation within the District’s corporate boundary. It is anticipated that sewer service will be extended to these “unsewered” areas as on-site systems become less viable to maintain and/or when new development requires public sewers. The average base daily flow tributary to the District’s two wastewater treatment plants, excluding infiltration and inflow (I & I), is currently estimated at 6.71 MGD and is 165 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-18 expected to increase to nearly 9.06 MGD by 2030, and nearly 17.24 MGD at full development. Peak hourly flows tributary to the District’s two wastewater treatment plants, including I & I, are currently estimated at 30.3 MGD, and are expected to increase to nearly 45.75 MGD by 2030, and 67.11 MGD at full development. Hydraulic capacity at both wastewater treatment plants is estimated to be available up to the original design peak hour capacities of 22.0 MGD for Lakota and 13.8 MGD for Redondo. Expanded and Improved Facilities The District has completed construction on the rehabilitation and lengthening of the Redondo Wastewater Treatment Plant’s outfall pipeline that discharges treated wastewater into Puget Sound. The old biosolids dewatering equipment was replaced with new, more efficient equipment to help reduce operating costs. The District is pursuing many other projects to improve the performance of the facilities (energy conservation, water quality, biosolid quality, reduced maintenance, etc.). Combining funding from its water utility, the District also has long-range plans for its Water Reuse/Reclamation Project, utilizing wastewater suitably treated at the Lakota Wastewater Treatment Plant, conveyed through a separate pipeline system, and utilized for beneficial purposes, such as augmenting groundwater supplies. Additional new and expanded sewer facilities are planned to divert existing flows currently being conveyed to other utilities for treatment to its own treatment facilities (new Pump Station No. 44 and expanded Pump Station No. 33b). On-site emergency generators are now in place at other existing pump stations (Pump Stations No. 12, 37 and 41) to allow their continuous operation during a commercial power outage. The District is continuing to approve new pressure sewer collection systems as an alternative to gravity systems to provide sewer service availability to residents in established neighborhoods, particularly those around lakes. Finance Plan A utility undertakes a capital program for many different reasons, including: expanding the capacity of its systems, maintaining the integrity of existing systems, and addressing regulatory requirements. The District is required to develop its own Wastewater Plan and to support regional decisions on population growth and land use. The District has identified several significant capital improvement projects in its Wastewater Plan. The scheduling of these projects is included in the District’s most current Capital Improvement Program (CIP) that is developed and approved annually. The District has access to sufficient funds that can be utilized for operations and maintenance of its existing facilities, and for pursuing capital projects. In addition, the District has depreciation, interest income, assessment income, and connection charge monies that it can utilize for funding the CIP. Additionally, the District can borrow money or adjust rates, if necessary, to best meet the needs of its customers. The District has utilized a very conservative approach in budgeting for the CIP by utilizing the growth projections developed by each of the land use jurisdictions located within the District. The District will provide facilities as required to support growth within its service area. The schedule and project costs will be updated annually through 166 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-19 the District’s budget and capital improvement program process. 6.10 FIRE FACILITIES [UPDATES PENDING FOR ENTIRE SECTION BASED ON REVIEW FROM SOUTH KING FIRE] This section summarizes the South King Fire and Rescue Strategic Leadership Plan, and the department’s subsequent updates. The fire department provides service to the entire City of Federal Way, the entire City of Des Moines, and surrounding unincorporated area. Total population in the department’s service area is approximately 150,000 residents. Services include fire suppression, fire prevention (building inspection and public information), emergency medical, hazardous materials responses, public education, emergency management, and rescue emergencies (special operations). South King Fire has a contract with the City of Federal Way and Valley Communications for the provision of emergency 911 communications, wherein they act together with the City as a part owner of Valley Communications. The South King Fire and Rescue Strategic Leadership Plan identifies and programs improvements that are necessary to maintain existing service standards and to meet the needs of future residents and businesses. The plan and future updates are adopted by reference into the FWCP as now or hereafter amended. The fire department provides fire suppression service to the entire City. In order to do this, the department has adopted LOS standards found in the South King Fire Resolution Number 413. • Each emergency fire response should include a minimum of 15 trained and equipped firefighters and apparatus commensurate with the emergency (a standard response of four engines, one ladder truck, and one command vehicle are sent on all structural incidents). • Each emergency medical response should include a minimum of one response vehicle and three fully-equipped and fully-trained crew members on a responding engine company, or two crew members on an aid car (either an engine or an aid car, or a combination of both, can be sent on the response depending upon the 167 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-20 severity). • The fire department provides a full building inspection service for fire code compliance. The department is currently providing service that is generally consistent with its adopted LOS standards. The fire department also depends on having adequate water pressure available in fire hydrants to extinguish fires. The department works with the Lakehaven Utility District, Highline Water District (in the City of Des Moines), and other water utilities within its corporate limits, to ensure that adequate “fire flow” is always available. Lakehaven Utility District’s Water System Plan analyzes “fire flow” rates available at different points in its water system, and programs improvements to the water system to ensure that sufficient water is available for fire suppression. Emergency Medical Services Emergency Medical Services (EMS) responds to 911 calls and provides field services. This service is paid for by property taxes. EMS is provided as a marginal cost to the fire department as fire facilities are utilized to provide this service to the community. The fire department replaces its five front line aid cars, of which three are staffed on a normal basis, commensurate with its capital replacement plan and capital reserves system. The section on funding (Funding Plan) addresses how the ongoing replacement purchase of these aid cars will be funded. Inventory and Capacity of Existing Facilities The department has two major types of capital facilities. One is fire stations and the other is capital investment in equipment and, in particular, fire engines. The department’s fire stations are shown on Map VI-10. Forecast of Future Needs By 2013, call volumes had exceeded 16,000 for the year and the historic call data indicated a fairly steady increase of approximately six percent per year. Emergency medical incidents have increased more rapidly than non-medical incidents. Structure fires have declined since the 1990s; however, emergency medical incidents have steadily increased. It is unknown what the impact of the Affordable Health Care Act will have on call volumes. The challenge for the fire department will be to manage fixed-cost investments, such as new stations, and to be flexible in its ability to meet fluctuating call volumes. Location and Capacity of Expanded or New Facilities 168 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-21 In September of 2005, the residents of the City of Des Moines (protected by King County Fire Protection District #26) voted overwhelmingly to merge with the Federal Way Fire Department (King County Fire Protection District #39). The City of Des Moines had previously annexed into King #26, just like the City of Federal Way’s annexation into King #39. The result of this merger caused the name of the fire department to change from the Federal Way Fire Department to its present South King Fire. The legal name for the fire district is actually King County Fire Protection District #39 (KCFPD #39), although the department does business as South King Fire. South King Fire operates out of eight stations, seven of which are response stations with the eighth being a training and maintenance facility. Two of the eight stations are located within the City of Des Moines, two stations lie within unincorporated King County, and four are located within the City of Federal Way. The fire department responds on more than 16,000 emergencies annually. The department may have need for an additional station in the near future in the south end of the City in the vicinity of 356th and Pacific Highway. The department anticipates that the calls for service in the south end of the district will also continue to grow. In this eventuality, an additional station may be needed to maintain acceptable response times. The department has acquired property in the area of 356th and Pacific Highway South through a swap of properties with Lakehaven Utility District to assure future availability of a station site. Any new station should be able to accommodate an on-duty crew of three fire fighters, with appropriate living and sleeping quarters. In addition, the structure should be able to house two engines and an aid car, with room for growth dictated by LOS demands. It may be appropriate to provide a public meeting room and an office for community policing in new facilities. The cost of these facilities is approximately $6,000,000. Equipment would be in the range of $1,000,000 for a new station. The fire department does not presently have a timeline for construction of the new fire station, as it would likely require a voter approved bond issue for funding. Additionally, the department may have a need for a major station remodel at one of the Des Moines stations located at approximately 272nd and 16th Avenue South; a major upgrade to the Training Facility, currently located at 14th Avenue SW and 312th Street; and the potential for additional fire stations to be built based upon need on property owned by the fire district at 30th Avenue South and 288th; Hoyt Road and Dash Point Road SW; and a major piece of property at 320th and 37th Avenue South. The property at 320th and 37th Avenue South has been purchased with a future goal of building an expanded training facility, drill towers, administrative offices, emergency operations center for disasters, a fleet shop, and a facilities maintenance building. Any future development would likely be predicated upon community needs and funded through a voter-approved bond issue in the future. Funding Plan The fire department has established a capital reserve fund for the systematic replacement of all capital equipment, which took a hit during the recession of 2008-2012. These reserves were funded from the annual revenues of the department. As the economy recovers, the capital reserve system will be funded and become active once again. To 169 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-22 bridge the gap created by the recession as related to the capital and equipment needs of the district, a voter-approved bond issue will likely be placed in front of the electorate in the 2015-2017 time frame. The department also has established a long term goal of a minimum of four-paid fire fighters on each fire apparatus (this is the national standard adopted by NFPA 1710). Additional staff that is hired in support of that goal will be funded from either new construction levies or additional voter-approved levies. The department has not established any funds for purchase of new stations or associated equipment. These purchases would require voter-approved bonds. In the department’s annually adopted budget, capital projects are identified. This capital projects list is up-dated based on completed projects and changing priorities. The FWCP adopts by reference, as now or hereafter amended, the South King Fire and Rescue Strategic Leadership Plan, as well as the annual capital improvements program update. Additionally, the department is seeking to receive impact fees based upon growth within the community, which directly affects its level of service. This is being sought both locally and legislatively, as fire districts have to manage growth the same as schools and other public facilities. If successful, impact fees could assist in offsetting the capital costs of added infrastructure. 6.11 GOALS AND POLICIES Goal CFG1 Regularly update Capital Facilities Plans to implement the FWCP by coordinating urban services, land use decisions, level of service standards, and financial resources with a fully funded schedule of capital improvements. Policies CFP1.1 Provide needed public facilities and services to implement the FWCP. CFP1.2 Support and encourage joint development and use of community facilities with other governmental or community organizations in areas of mutual concern and benefit. CFP1.3 Emphasize capital improvement projects that promote the conservation, preservation, redevelopment, and revitalization of commercial, industrial, and residential areas in Federal Way. CFP1.4 Reference capital facilities plans and future amendments prepared by other special districts that provide services within the City to support implementation of the FWCP. These plans must be consistent with the FWCP. CFP1.5 Reference the annual update of the Federal Way Capital Improvement Program for parks/recreation, surface water management, and the Transportation Improvement Program to support implementation of the FWCP. CFP1.6 Protect investments in existing facilities through an appropriate level of funding 170 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-23 for maintenance and operations. CFP1.7 Maximize the use of existing public facilities and promote orderly compact urban growth. Goal CFG2 To meet current needs for capital facilities in Federal Way, correct deficiencies in existing systems, and replace or improve obsolete facilities. Policies CFP2.1 Give priority consideration to projects mandated by local, state, and federal law. CFP2.2 Give priority consideration to subsequent phases of phased projects when phase one is fully funded and under construction. CFP2.3 Give priority consideration to projects that renovate existing facilities and preserve the community’s prior investment or reduce maintenance and operating costs. CFP2.4 Give priority consideration to projects that correct existing capital facilities deficiencies, encourage full utilization of existing facilities, or replace worn out or obsolete facilities. CFP2.5 Give priority to projects where leveraged monies such as grants and low interest loans can be used. Goal CFG3 Provide capital facilities to serve and direct future growth within Federal Way as it further develops. Policies CFP3.1 Provide the capital facilities needed to serve the future growth anticipated by the FWCP. CFP3.2 Coordinate efforts between the Public Works and Parks Departments in the acquisition of and planning for public open space, recreation, public education, and stream preservation within the Hylebos Basin. Departments may combine resources as appropriate to increase project efficiencies and success rates in pursuit of grant opportunities. CFP3.3 Give priority consideration to projects needed to meet concurrency requirements for growth management. CFP3.4 Plan and coordinate the location of public facilities and utilities in advance of need. CFP3.5 Continue to implement a concurrency management system which permits project approval only after a finding is made that there is capacity available in the transportation system sufficient to maintain the adopted level of service 171 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-24 standard. CFP3.6 Coordinate the provision of urban services to ensure that areas identified for growth are accompanied with the maximum possible use of existing facilities and cost-effective service provisions and extensions while ensuring the protection and preservation of resources. CFP3.7 Coordinate future economic activity with planning for public facilities and services. CFP3.8 Consider public/private partnerships to leverage structured parking in association with City Center development or redevelopment, in fulfillment of comprehensive plan vision and goals. CFP3.9 Require connection to sanitary sewer service where sewer service is available and where there would be no harm to environmental critical areas. Goal CFPG4 Provide adequate funding for capital facilities in Federal Way to ensure the FWCP vision and goals are implemented. Policies CFP4.1 Manage the City of Federal Way’s fiscal resources to provide needed capital improvements. Ensure a balanced approach to allocating financial resources between: 1) major maintenance of existing facilities; 2) eliminating existing capital facility deficiencies; and 3) providing new or expanding existing facilities to serve new growth. CFP4.2 Use Capital Facilities Plans to integrate all of the community’s capital project resources including grants, bonds, general funds, donations, impact fees, and any other available funding. CFP4.2 Ensure that long-term capital financing strategies and policies are consistent with all the other FWCP chapters. CFP4.3 Pursue funding strategies that require new growth and development to pay its fair share of the cost of facilities that are required to maintain adopted level of service standards. CFP4.4 Promote a more efficient use of all public facilities by enacting interlocal agreements which facilitate joint maintenance and operations of those facilities. CFP4.5 Use the following available contingency strategies should the City be faced with capital facility funding shortfalls: ▪ Increase revenues by selling general obligation bonds, enacting utility taxes, imposing impact fees, and/or raising property tax levy rates. ▪ Decrease level of service standards to a level that is more affordable. ▪ Decrease the cost of a proposed facility by changing or modifying the scope of the project. 172 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-25 ▪ Decrease the demand for the service or facilities by establishing a moratorium on development, focusing development into areas where facility capacity is available, or changing project timing and/or phasing. CFP4.6 Aggressively pursue grants or private funds when available to finance capital facility projects. CFP4.7 Maximize the usefulness of bond funds by using these monies to the greatest extent possible as matching funds for grants. Goal CFPG5 Ensure that the Federal Way Capital Facilities Plans are current and responsive to the community vision and goals. Policies CFP5.1 Monitor the progress of the Capital Facilities Plan on an ongoing basis, including the completion of major maintenance projects, the expansion of existing facilities, and the addition of new facilities. Evaluate this progress with respect to trends in the rate and distribution of growth, impacts upon service quality, and FWCP direction. CFP5.2 Review, update, and amend the Capital Facilities Plan in accordance with state update requirements. Respond to changes in the rates of growth, new development trends, and changing City priorities, budget, and financial considerations. Make provisions to reassess the FWCP periodically in light of the evolving Capital Facilities Plan. Take appropriate action to ensure internal consistency of the chapters in the plan. CFP5.3 Continue to coordinate with other capital facility and service providers to ensure that all necessary services and facilities are provided prior to or concurrent with new growth and development. CFP5.4 Establish new or expanded sites for public facilities, utilities, and infrastructure in a manner that ensures disaster resiliency and public service recovery. Goal CFPG6 Manage the Surface Water Utility in a manner that makes efficient use of limited resources to address the most critical problems first, and which expresses community values and priorities. Policies CFP6.1 The utility shall continue to have a role in developing and implementing regional, state, and federal surface water policies and programs and, in doing so, shall seek to: 173 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-26 ▪ Achieve the City’s environmental goals. ▪ Contain utility ratepayer costs. ▪ Ensure state and federal requirements are achievable. ▪ Maintain local control and flexibility in policy/program implementation. The utility’s role in developing and implementing regional, state, and federal surface water policies and programs will include: ▪ Influencing legislation through lobbying and written and verbal testimony during formal comment periods ▪ Participating in rule making ▪ Reviewing technical documents ▪ Serving on advisory committees and work groups ▪ Participating in multi-jurisdictional studies and basin planning ▪ Entering into cooperative agreements with neighboring and regional agencies to accomplish common goals as appropriate and necessary CFP6.2 The utility’s funds and resources shall be managed in a professional manner in accordance with applicable laws, standards, and City financial policies. CFP6.3 The utility shall remain a self-supporting enterprise fund. CFP6.4 The utility Capital Improvement Program (CIP) will provide funding for the following types of projects: 1) Projects addressing flood control problems. 2) Projects needed to meet water quality policies. 3) Projects needed for renewal/replacement or additions to current infrastructure and facilities. 4) Projects necessary for resource protection and stewardship. CFP6.5 To the extent of funding limitations, the CIP shall be sustained at a level of service necessary to implement cost effective flood control mitigation; meet water quality policies; maintain system integrity; provide required resource stewardship and protection; and meet federal, state, and local regulations. CFP6.6 The utility will continue to strive to minimize the use of loans to fund necessary capital improvements, and will generally operate on a “pay-as-you-go basis.” However, low interest loans (i.e. Public Works Trust Fund) and/or grants will be used to leverage local funds when feasible. CFP6.7 Rates shall be set at the lowest level necessary to cover utility program expenses, meet levels of service identified in the 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan Update, meet debt coverage requirements, and sustain a reserve balance consistent with these policies on a long-term basis. CFP6.8 Utility rates shall be evaluated bi-annually and adjusted as necessary to achieve utility financial policy objectives. 174 of 219 FWCP – Chapter Six, Capital Facilities Revised 2024 VI-27 CFP6.9 Utility rates will allocate costs between different customer classes on an equitable basis. CFP6.10 The utility rate structure will be based on a financial analysis considering cost- of-service and other policy objectives, and will provide adjustments for actions taken under approved City standards to reduce related service impacts. CFP6.11 Rates shall be uniform for all utility customers of the same class throughout the service area. CFP6.12 Rate assistance programs may be provided for specific low-income customers. CFP6.13 The utility’s annual budget and rate recommendations shall provide funding for the following reserve components: 1. A working capital component based on 17 percent of the current year’s budgeted operating and maintenance expenses. Under no circumstances shall a budget be submitted for a planned drop in reserves below this level. 2. An emergency/contingency component to cover excessive costs resulting from unexpected catastrophic events or system failures. Based on historical utility experience, this amount will be set at $500,000, which is the estimate of the net cost of emergency services to be paid from rate resources, excluding any potential reimbursements that may be received from Federal Emergency Management Act grants, the City’s General Liability Fund, or other external revenue sources. Goal CFG7 Ensure planning and siting for all capital facilities is conducted in an environmentally sound, socially equitable and inclusive manner. Policies CFP7.1 Inform the siting or expansion of essential public facilities or facilities of regional importance using a process that incorporates broad public involvement, especially from historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities, and that equitably disperses impacts and benefits while supporting the Countywide Planning Policies. CFP7.2 Work toward more affordable and equitable access to public facilities throughout Federal Way, with a particular focus on identifying coverage gaps and supporting increased access by historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities. CFP7.3 Consider climate change, economic, equity, and health impacts when supporting the siting and building of essential public services and facilities. CFP7.4 Implement water conservation and efficiency efforts to protect natural resources, reduce environmental impacts, and support a sustainable long-term water supply to serve the growing population. CFP7.5 Identify opportunities for water reuse and reclamation by high-volume non-potable water users such as parks, schools, and golf courses, and require where feasible. 175 of 219 6.12 Appendix Plans Incorporated by Reference The following plans, developed for the operations of different City programs and external agencies, are incorporated by reference into the Capital Facilities Chapter as now or hereafter amended: 1. Federal Way 2021 Surface Water Management Comprehensive Plan 2. Federal Way Parks, Recreation and Open Space (PROS) Plan 3. Federal Way Public Schools 2024 Capital Facilities Plan 4. Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Comprehensive Water System Plan 5. Lakehaven Water and Sewer District Comprehensive Wastewater System Plan 6. South King Fire and Rescue Strategic Leadership Plan 7. South King Fire and Rescue Capital Improvements Program Maps Map xx, Surface Water Trunk System and Drainage Basins Map xx, Existing City Buildings Map xx, Water and Sewer District Service Providers 176 of 219 177 of 219 178 of 219 179 of 219 S t a f f R e p o r t DATE: April 10, 2024 TO: Federal Way Planning Commission FROM: Evan Lewis, Senior Planner SUBJECT: Briefing – Utilities Chapter of Comprehensive Plan BACKGROUND Staff updates to the Utilities Chapter focused on refreshing or clarifying background information and statistics; adding information about new utilities planning underway or expected; removing or simplifying unnecessary information that doesn’t need to be shown in the body of a comprehensive plan chapter; clarifying unclear information; reframing how external plans are referenced; establishing a chapter Vision statement; and updating goals and policies consistent with city priorities and with state, regional and county planning requirements. CHAPTER FORMAT • Introduction and Vision: Added ‘Vision’ and both an ‘Introduction’ and ‘Vision’ subsection consistent with other chapters. • Deleted Policy Background: Deleted section consistent with new format for all chapters. • Deleted Regulatory and Legal Context: Deleted section since content was more appropriate for introduction and thus moved to Introduction section. • Electric and Natural Gas: Renamed from “Puget Sound Energy;” subsection headers otherwise unchanged. Section content incorporates updated information about electric and gas utility (Puget Sound Energy). • Telecommunications Plan: Section/subsections unchanged except for minor wording updates for clarity/consistency. Some utility provider names were updated. • Fiber Optic Network: Section header unchanged. Information was added about recent fiber-optic planning in the city. • Solid Waste Management: Section header unchanged. Updated information was provided about King County solid waste planning. • Moderate Risk Waste Management: Section header unchanged. Updated information was provided about King County moderate risk waste management planning. • Goals and Policies section: Updated consistent with city priorities and with state, regional and county planning requirements. Also deleted lead-in information about the Goals/Policies section to be consistent with other chapters. • Deleted Maps: Deleted an outdated Puget Sound Energy map and thus the ‘Maps’ section. Some images in the chapter may change before the final draft of this chapter. Numbering of each image, table and map will also occur at a later date as the number of images and maps may change. 33325 8th Avenue South Federal Way, WA 98003-6325 253-835-7000 www.cityoffederalway.com Jim Ferrell, Mayor 180 of 219 2 GOALS AND POLICIES SUMMARY For goals and policies not listed, there were either no changes or no changes of substance to their meaning and/or intent. In updating this section, certain goals/policies were moved around so that all policies are logically arranged with goals. Such moved content is not shown in track changes, for this stage of review, to ensure clarity about how the wording of each policy changed. Goals or Policy Changed Reason for Change PUG1 Work with private utilitiesy companie, s other jurisdictions, and interdepartmentally to allow them to providefor full and timely service that meets the needs of the cCity’s residents and businesses, both present and future, and to position the city to accommodate new energy and communications technologies. 1) As most utilities in Federal Way are not provided by the city, interjurisdictional and interdepartmental coordination is particularly important, and 2) Technology is always changing at a fast pace and it’s important to have a goal that reflects the importance of the city being positioned to accommodate new technologies. UP1.6 Identify new public works and development regulations, or amendments to existing regulations, that allow for or facilitate the adoption of new and emerging energy and communications technologies in the City. Technology is always changing at a fast pace and it’s important to have a policy that reflects the importance of the city regulations adapting to such new technologies. PUG2 Work with private utilitiiesty companies to allow them to provide service in a way that balances cost-effectiveness with environmental protection, aesthetic impact, public safety, and public health. Updated consistent with all edits in the chapter that refer to utilities more broadly, rather than private utility companies specifically. PUP1UP2.7 AThrough its development regulations, the City shall continue to address the siting, screening, and design standards for wireless/cellular and small cell facilities, substations, and antenna facilities in such a manner as to allow for reasonable and predictable review while minimizing potential land use and visual impacts on adjacent property. 1) The way this policy is implemented may be through development regulations, but possibly through other means so it’s useful to not be so specific on that in the policy; how a policy is implemented will be specified in the implementation appendix. 2) “Small cell” facilities are types of wireless/cellular facilities but different than what people traditionally think of with wireless/cellular facilities, so it’s worth mentioning small cells specifically. UP2.9 Ensure that all applicable public works policies and/or development regulations specify requirements that all utilities operating in city right of ways have a franchise agreement with the city. There may be areas of city code or city policies where requirements for franchise agreements could be more clearly stated. PUG3 Increase opportunities to create and utilize renewable and sustainable energy sources such as solar and wind power, to reduce the City’s greenhouse gas emissions, and to improve the City’s Goal is reframed to recognize the relationship to the Climate Change & Resiliency chapter. Renewable energy is also mentioned in Countywide Planning Policies. 181 of 219 3 Goals or Policy Changed Reason for Change resiliency to hazards. PUP7UP3.1 To facilitatEe energy conservation the City shall, at minimum, ensure that cityits buildings comply with state and federal standards for energy conservation. The policy’s purpose (energy conservation) doesn’t need to be stated twice. UP3.5 Evaluate ways to accommodate small-scale, neighborhood-level power generation. There may be areas in Federal Way where neighborhood-level power generation makes sense and possibly pursued to further the City’s environmental goals. UP3.6 Establish new or expanded sites for public facilities, utilities, and infrastructure in a manner that ensures disaster resiliency and public service recovery. This is a required countywide planning policy. PUG4 EThe City actively ensures appropriate recycling and disposal options are in place and made known to the public to protect the health and welfare of both residents and our environment. Ensuring people know about recycling options, and how to utilize them, can be as important as providing those recycling options. PUP4.4G27 Develop and implement Preferred Building Code Elements, including space allocation for several waste streams (garbage, compostables, recyclables, hazardous materials, food waste, and other process wastes). Incorporate design elements that enable access to services, both for tenants and collection service vehicle. Consider development of a preference for covered solid waste enclosures or facilities that are tied to sanitary sewer to help reduce potential surface water management issues, and perform a comprehensive analysis to determine which elements should be grandfathered versus required improvements. Food waste is a specific type of compostable that is important to mention specifically. UP4.7 Ensure compliance with new state requirements on commercial compost collection Policy added in communication with Public Works Environmental Services staff. UG7 Work toward more equitable and affordable access to telecommunications services throughout Federal Way, with a particular focus on identifying coverage gaps and supporting increased access by historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities. Goal added consistent with several new regional and county requirements regarding service equity. UP7.3 Identify development regulations and policies that support the equitable, affordable, convenient and reliable utilities in Federal Way. Policy added consistent with several new regional and county requirements regarding service equity. 182 of 219 4 IMPLEMENTATION Planning staff anticipate briefing the Planning Commission on an implementation appendix at the June 5 Planning Commission meeting. That appendix will include actions for implementing policies in all Comprehensive Plan chapters. ATTACHMENTS 1. Draft updated Utilities Comprehensive Plan chapter; a version showing track-changed edits, and a version showing all edits accepted. 183 of 219 CHAPTER TEN PRIVATE UTILITIES 10.0 INTRODUCTION & VISION 1 10.1 POLICY BACKGROUND 1 The Growth Management Act 2 VISION 2040 2 Countywide Planning Policies 2 10.2 REGULATORY AND LEGAL CONTEXT 3 10.13 PUGET SOUND ENERGYELECTRIC AND NATURAL GAS 3 General Location 3 Electric Plan 3 Gas Plan 5 10.24 TELECOMMUNICATIONS PLAN 5 Telephone System 6 Wireless Networks 6 Internet Service 7 Cable TV 7 ServiceProposed Improvements 7 10.35 FIBER OPTIC NETWORK 7 10.46 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 8 10.57 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT 9 10.68 GOALS AND POLICIES FOR CITY ACTION 9 Map Map X-1, Existing & Proposed Improvements to the Sub- Transmission System 184 of 219 This page intentionally left blank. 185 of 219 3 10.0 INTRODUCTION & VISION Introduction This chapter satisfies a Growth Management Act (GMA) requirement that cities prepare a Private Utilities chapter (RCW 36.70A.070). The GMA requires the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan (FWCP) to have internal consistency. This means that the Private Utilities chapter must be fully coordinated with other chapters of the FWCP. This is particularly important for Federal Way’s City Center and in the I-5/99 corridor where new development and other land use change is anticipated in the near future. Areas expected to change significantly over the next 20 years include the City Center, the South Station area, and the area south of S 336th Street, between Pacific Highway S and I-5. WAC 365-196-4205-320(1) requires a Private Utilities chapter to include the general location, proposed location, and capacity offor all existing and proposed utilities, including, but not limited to, electrical lines, telecommunication lines, and natural gas lines. Each utility plan describes and analyzes existing and proposed utility systems within Federal Way and improvements necessary to meet growing consumer demand. Information used to develop the plan was provided by private utilities. Private utility companies are continually upgrading and expanding their systems, therefore, maps quickly become obsolete. However, Puget Sound Energy (PSE) provided a map of their existing and proposed electrical facilities as of 2012 (Map X-1). Plans for water supply and sewer are found in the Capital Facilities chapter of the FWCP. The City sees Tthe GMA requirement to prepare a Private Utilities chapter ias an opportunity to identify ways of improving the quality of services provided within the cCity. The City will use this Private Utilities chapter to identifyies goals and develops policies to ensure that: provision of utilities is properly coordinated with land use; utility provision minimizes impacts upon public facilities such as roads; sustainable sources of power generation are encouraged; and technological innovation is facilitated. Regulatory and Legal Context Large scale privately owned electrical, natural gas, and line telephone utilities are regulated by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC). Cellular telephone communication companies are licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Cable television companies are regulated by the FCC and the Communications Act of 1934, as amended. Private utilities must have a franchise agreement to place utilities in the public right-of-way. Franchise agreements give each utility the non- exclusive right to provide its category of service within the city. As of the time of the 2024 comprehensive plan update, the City has active franchise agreements with more than a dozen private entities. Vision Utilities in Federal Way provide safe and reliable urban services that accommodate 186 of 219 4 the city’s expected growth, respond and adapt to unexpected changes and needs, and position the city to achieve its 20-year vision and growth management priorities. Utilities are provided through seamless and efficient collaboration and communication both internally within the city and in partnership with outside agencies and companies. 10.1 POLICY BACKGROUND The GMA, VISION 2040, and the King County Countywide Planning Policies (CWPPs) call for a full range of urban services in the Urban Growth Area (UGA) to support the Regional Growth Strategy. They also state that facilities should be sited in ways to avoid adverse social, environmental, and economic impacts. This Private Utilities chapter is consistent with these goals and policies. The Growth Management Act Goal No. 12 of The GMA refers to public facilities and services as follows: Public facilities and services. Ensure that those public facilities and services necessary to support development shall be adequate to serve the development at the time the development is available for occupancy and use without decreasing current service levels below locally established minimum standards. VISION 2040 Key private utilities addressed in VISION 2040 include solid waste, energy, and telecommunications. As the region plans for growth, conservation and improved efficiencies in providing services are essential. An overarching goal of VISION 2040 is to provide sufficient and efficient public services and facilities in a manner that is healthy, safe, and economically viable. Multicounty planning policies address conservation measures to increase recycling and reduce waste. They also encourage more efficient use of renewable and alternative energy. VISION 2040 also encourages improving infrastructure to support development and maintain healthy and livable communities. Having reliable power and telecommunications, along with other services and infrastructure, contributes to quality of life and the region’s economic well-being. The following are VISION 2040 policies most relevant to Federal Way: MPP-PS-12: Promote the use of renewable energy resources to meet the region’s energy needs. MPP-PS-13: Reduce the rate of energy consumption through conservation and alternative energy forms to extend the life of existing facilities and infrastructure. 187 of 219 5 MPP-PS-14: Plan for the provision of telecommunication infrastructure to serve growth and development in a manner that is consistent with the regional vision and is friendly to the environment. Countywide Planning Policies The 2012 King County Countywide Planning Policies (CWPPs) includes the following overarching goal for private utilities: County residents in both Urban and Rural Areas have access to the public services needed in order to advance public health and safety, protect the environment, and carry out the out the Regional Growth Strategy. The following CWPPs are most relevant to Federal Way: PF‐13: Reduce the solid waste stream and encourage reuse and recycling. PF‐14: Reduce the rate of energy consumption through efficiency and conservation as a means to lower energy costs and mitigate environmental impacts associated with traditional energy supplies. PF‐15: Promote the use of renewable and alternative energy resources to help meet the county’s long‐term energy needs, reduce environmental impacts associated with traditional energy supplies, and increase community sustainability. PF‐16: Plan for the provision of telecommunication infrastructure to serve growth and development in a manner consistent with the regional and countywide vision. 10.2 REGULATORY AND LEGAL CONTEXT Large scale Privately owned electrical, natural gas, and line telephone utilities are regulated by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC). Cellular telephone communication companies are licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Cable television companies are regulated by the FCC and the Communications Act of 1934, as amended. Private utilities must have a franchise agreement to place utilities in the public right-of-way. Franchise agreements give each utility the non- exclusive right to provide its category of service within the City. 10.310.1 E LECTRIC AND NATURAL GASPUGET SOUND ENERGY 188 of 219 6 Utility Provider Overview Electric and natural gas services are provided within the City of Federal Way by Puget Sound Energy, Inc. (PSE). The City has franchise agreements with PSE that ran through December 8, 2021 (Ordinance 11-707) and November 18, 2018 (Ordinance 93-189) for electricity and natural gas service respectively. PSE (formerly Puget Sound Power and Light Company [Puget Power] and Washington Natural Gas Company) is an investor-owned private utility company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. It is regulated by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. PSE builds, operates, and maintains an extensive electric and gas distribution system consisting of generating plants, electric transmission lines, gas supply mains, distribution system substations and pressure regulating stations. This system provides gas and electricity to over one million residential, commercial, and industrial customers in portions of western and central Washington. PSE’s sources of energy include natural gas/diesel, hydropower, wind/solar/biomass/battery and coal and aims to stop relying on coal-generated electricity to serve customers after 2025. PSE owns nine natural gas-fired power plants and is the largest utility producer of renewable energy in the Pacific Northwest. PSE also owns and operates two hydropower projects in Western Washington. Fossil natural gas is purchased by PSE from Western Canada and the Rocky Mountain States. PSE obtains renewable natural gas (RNG) produced by Klickitat Public Utility District at the H.W. Hill Renewable Natural Gas facility in Roosevelt, WA and co- owns a liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility at the Port of Tacoma. PSE owns over 25,000 miles of gas mains and service lines to distribute natural gas and co-owns and operates the Jackson Prairie Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility, the largest natural gas storage depot in the Pacific Northwest. Level of Service PSE must file reliability reports at least once a year to the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission and the report must distinguish between sustained interruptions and power quality. PSE uses two main metrics to describe reliability of service, the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI). SAIDI describes the average length of a power outage in minutes and SAIFI describes the average number of outages a customer experiences. PSE continues to plan and assess development and demand requirements within Federal Way, but foresees no immediate energy issues and will continue to be able to supply energy to Federal Way as the City grows. Additionally, PSE currently provides programs to Transportation Electrification Programs to reduce EV adoption barriers and boost charging infrastructure within the state and foresees no immediate concerns with providing supply for the City’s EV charging requirements. General Location PSE supplies electric and natural gas service within the entire limits of the cCity and 189 of 219 7 Potential Annexation Area (PAA). Private utility companies are continually upgrading and expanding their systems, therefore, maps quickly become obsolete. Site-specific mapping of PSE’s existing facilities can be procured via MapRequest@PSE.com. Existing facilities are depicted on Map X-1 Electric Plan Federal Way is served mostly by Puget Sound Energy (PSE), a private electric utility whose operation and rates are governed by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission, the National Electric Reliability Corporation (NERC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC). PSE is part of a Western-states regional coordination system and provides electric service to over 1.1 million customers in nine Washington State counties. Electricity is produced elsewhere and transported to switching stations in Kent and Renton through high-voltage transmission lines. As electricity nears its destination, the voltage is reduced and redistributed through lower- voltage transmission lines, distribution substations, and smaller transformers. PSE provides electrical service to approximately 41,00039,700 electric customers in Federal Way. Also within the city are several 115 kV transmission lines and a number of neighborhood distribution substations. The 115 kV lines also deliver electrical energy to other neighborhood substations in communities adjacent to Federal Way. PSE imports electrical energy from generation sources in Canada, the Columbia River basin and other regions outside of PSE’s service territory. Additionally, PSE has its own hydro, thermal, wind and solar power-generating facilities. There are more than 5,500 also about 1,500 small, customer-owned generation facilities that are interconnected with PSE’s system and can export surplus energy into the grid. The vast majority of these are solar panel installations. Although this provides a very small portion of PSE’s electrical supply portfolio, the number of customer-owned installations increases more every year. PSE locates and operates electric facilities within public rights-of-way in accordance with State law and a franchise agreement with King County. Facilities are also located on property owned by Puget Sound Energy and easements across private properties. The transmission system that covers Federal Way is a grid which provides a link between the Bulk Transmission System and the local distribution system, which connects with customers. The Bulk Transmission System is operated by the BPA, which operates a region wide, interconnecting transmission system that supplies electric power to utilities from federal hydroelectric projects throughout the Northwest. All major transmission lines supplying electricity to Federal Way are energized at 230 kilovolts (kV). These lines supply power into the Federal Way distribution system and provide connections to Algona, Auburn, Kent, and other electric systems serving both King and Pierce Counties. Power is transferred from the transmission system to Federal Way’s local electric distribution substations, each serving multiple distribution circuits. The existing transmission lines are meeting the current loads. As local demand grows, additional distribution and transmission capacity will be needed. To meet future population demand within Federal Way, PSE anticipates the need for new transmission lines and conversion of existing transmission lines to higher load. 190 of 219 8 PSE’s Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) is updated and filed with the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission every two years. The current plan , which was submitted in Marchay of 2023 with the expectation that the next iterative IRP will be submitted in 2025. 13,The IRP focuses on details the energy resources needed to reliably meet customers’ wintertime, peak-hour electric demand over the next 20 years and also addresses emergent summertime peak loads. The plan, which will be updated in the fall of 2015, forecasted that PSE would have to acquire approximately 4,900 megawatts of new power-supply capacity by 2033. This resource need is driven mainly by expiring purchased-power contracts and expected population and economic growth in the Puget Sound region. The IRP suggests that roughly half of the utility’s long-term electric resource need can be met by energy efficiency and the renewal of transmission contracts. The IRPPR stated that the rest of PSE’s gap in long-term power resources is likely to be met most economically with added natural gas -fired resources. PSE’s current preferred portfolio requires over 6,700 MW of new generation by 2030. As stipulated, this is a portfolio of diverse resources that can fulfill PSE’s Clean Energy Transportation Act (CETA) commitments and achieve carbon neutrality by 2030 and a carbon-free electric energy supply by 2045. As described in Table 3.1, this portfolio significantly increases conservation, demand response, renewable resources, and energy storage. However, given the large amounts of variable energy resources such as wind and solar, and energy-limited resources such as energy storage, PSE relies on newer technologies, specifically hydrogen, as a fuel to meet peak energy needs to achieve a carbon-free energy supply by 2045 while maintaining reliability and resource adequacy. PSE acknowledges the risk of relying on an uncertain fuel source, so it intentionally diversified this portfolio to reduce risk. Additionally, in future IRP cycles, PSE will continue to evaluate and consider emerging technologies, including green hydrogen and advanced nuclear small modular reactors (SMR). The capacity of individual electric lines depends on voltage, diameter of the wire, and the clearance to objects below the line. To meet this demand, some new transmission lines and substations will need to be constructed, as well as existing ones rebuilt and/or maintained. Utility work is sometimes needed to comply with federal system reliability regulations. Specific construction that is anticipated includes the following: Expand Marine View substation to accommodate a new 115kV line that will improve reliability through an automatic switching scheme. As electric loads increase a new 115kV transmission line will be necessary from the Christopher substation to the 115kV line that serves the Weyerhaeuser substation. This line would continue to the intersection of Enchanted Parkway South and Military Road South. Increases in the electric demand on the former Weyerhaeuser campus and surrounding area may require additional substations in any combination of the Five Mile Lake, Enchanted Parkway or Weyerhaeuser substation areas. Additionally, infrastructure necessary to support Sound Transit continues to be emergent. 191 of 219 9 PSE’s 2023 Electric Report represents the company’s continued progress to embed equity into the resource planning process. PSE began incorporating equity in 2021 by assessing highly impacted communities and developing initial customer benefit indicators. Since then, PSE has expressed that it’s made progress by defining vulnerable populations and creating customer benefit indicators with input from interested parties, including the Equity Advisory Group (EAG) formed during the 2021 CEIP process. PSE expressed that this is one step of many toward ensuring an equitable clean energy transition. PSE expressed that equity is complex to measure and assess, especially in energy system planning. However, PSE continues to refine its analysis and work with interested parties to embed equity throughout the resource planning process. CETA requires that all customers benefit from the transition to clean energy through the equitable distribution of energy and non-energy benefits and the reduction of burdens to vulnerable populations and highly impacted communities. Gas Plan Puget Sound EnergyPSE provides natural gas service to more than 80750,000 customers in six Western Washington counties: Snohomish, King, Kittitas, Pierce, Thurston, and Lewis. It is estimated that PSE currently serves over 19,0008,880 gas customers within the City of Federal Way. Natural gas comes from gas wells in the Rocky Mountains and in Canada and is transported through interstate pipelines by Williams Northwest Pipeline to Puget Sound Energy’s gate stations. Supply mains then transport the gas from the gate stations to district regulators where the pressure is reduced to less than 60 psig. The supply mains are made of welded steel pipe that has been coated and is cathodically protected to prevent corrosion. They range in size from 4 to 20 inches. Distribution mains are fed from the district regulators. They range in size from 1¼ to 8 inches and the pipe material typically is polyethylene (PE) or wrapped steel (STW). Individual residential service lines are fed by the distribution mains and are typically ⅝ or 1-⅛ inches in diameter. Individual commercial and industrial service lines are typically 1¼, 2, or 4 inches in diameter. The capacity of the system is primarily constrained by the volume of gas entering the network. The minimum pressure at which gas can be delivered is 15 psi. According to PSE, the average house using natural gas for both heat and hot water consumes about 1,000 therms per year. Given that 10 therms equal approximately one “mcf” of gas (or one thousand cubic feet), then 1,000 therms per house equals approximately 100,000 cubic feet of gas per year per house. When planning the size of new gas mains, PSE uses a model which assumes all new households will use natural gas. Extension of service, typically conversion, is based on request and the results of a market analysis to determine if revenues from an extension will offset the cost of construction. Changes to federal law over the last two decades were designed to increase competition 192 of 219 10 among energy sources by encouraging the development of new natural gas resources and the development of nationwide transmission pipelines. Most new homes use natural gas for heat. Facility technology for electricity transmission may change in the future in response to the need to create more efficient facilities and in response to various electromagnetic field and health concerns. Utility policies may be updated in the future to take into consideration changes in technology, facilities, and services. PSE Gas System Integrity-Maintenance Planning has several DuPont manufactured main and service piping and STW main replacements planned began in for 2015 and continues today. There will be several pipe investigations throughout the cCity to determine the exact location of the DuPont manufactured pipe. Identified DuPont manufactured piping in PSE’s entire system will be ranked and replaced accordingly. PSE Gas System Integrity-System Planning does not have any major projects planned in 202415 at this time, but new projects can be developed in the future at any time due t. Potential methods for increasing supply to a particular area within City limits include these types of construction activities: o: 1) Replacement of the lines, looping, installing parallel lines, and inserting higher pressure lines into greater diameter but lower pressure mains. 2) New installation to increase capacity of existing customers or conversions from an alternate fuel. 3) Main replacement projects to improve maintenance and system reliability. 4) Replacement or relocation of facilities due to municipal and State projects. 1. New or replacement of existing facilities to increase capacity requirements due to new building construction and conversion from alternate fuels. 2. Main replacement to facilitate improved maintenance of facilities. 3. Replacement or relocation of facilities due to municipal and state projects. 10.410.2 T ELECOMMUNICATIONS PLAN Telecommunications is not only important for voice transmission but also provides the infrastructure for the transmission of images and electronic data. Telecommunications in Federal Way include both wired (land based) and wireless telephone services, internet service, and cable and satellite TV. CenturyLink Lumen Technologies (CenturyLink) and Comcast provide land-based telephone, cable TV service, and internet service. There are also several wireless telephone providers, wireless internet, and voice over internet providers (VoIP). Direct TV and Dish Network provide satellite television services. The city is adapting to new telecommunications technologies and is committed to supporting the rollout of new telecommunication services in Federal Way in a manner consistent with the city’s land use, environmental, economic development and human services priorities. Telephone System 193 of 219 11 Existing Facilities and Operations –CenturyLink Lumen and Comcast deliver land- based telephone service throughout the cCity. Comcast also provides digital phone service (VoIP) while CenturyLink Lumen provides digital phone service only to its business customers. Their facilities are constructed overhead and in some cases underground. Proposed Improvements – The telephone industry tends to be secretive about their facilities and plans. For this reason the City had difficulty obtaining information and mapped facility plans. CenturyLink Lumen isTelecommunication providers are required by law to provide adequate telecommunications services on demand in compliance with RCW80.36.090 and WUTC regulations. Accordingly, Telecommunication providers CenturyLink Lumen will provide facilities, upon reasonable notice, to accommodate whatever growth pattern occurs within the City. Due to advances in technology, additional capacity is easily and quickly added to the system. Wireless Networks Existing Systems – The cCity is currently served with a number of wireless service providers including AT&T, T-Mobile, Direct Wireless, and Verizon.Sprint, and Verizon. Wireless technologies use a line-of-sight radio signal transmitted and received by antennas. Therefore, it is not possible to underground the antennas or structures on which the antennas are mounted. Antennas and ancillary equipment are located on freestanding poles and towers and on existing structures and buildings. City code regulates their siting. The FCC regulates the cellular telephone industry to ensure that their operation does not interfere with AM/FM radio and cable television transmissions. System Capacity – Capacity is a function of frequency of use, the number of sites in a geographic area, and the number of customers. Cellular facilities are located throughout the cCity. Frequent changes in their siting are not conducive to mapping. Improvements to the Cellular System – Like the non-cellular telephone companies, wireless companies expand services in response to growth. For this reason, companies closely analyze market demand to determine expansions into new service areas. Cellular technology is constantly advancing so capacity is frequently expanded through technological advances at existing sites. 194 of 219 12 Internet Service Various companies provide internet service by telephone, cable, wireless, and satellite. As the cCity constructs or reconstructs streets, it is providing conduits to assist in the installation of fiber optic communication systems. See the “Fiber Optic” section below for additional information about city owned fiber optic lines and conduits. Cable TV Cable television service in the cCity is provided by Comcast, CenturyLinkLumen, Direct TV, and Dish Network. Comcast and CenturyLink utilize cable and fiber optic technologies and Direct TV and Dish Network utilize satellite technologies. Proposed Service Improvements Cable television installations are made to new subscribers (either to new dwelling units or, to a much smaller degree, to residences who have not opted for cable before) at published rates; provided they are less than 125 feet from a distribution or feeder line. Connections requiring longer runs are charged on a time and material basis. Most public work considerations, such as tree trimming, work in the right-of-way, and restoration of property, and so on, are covered in the City of Federal Way Master Cable Television Ordinance and Franchise Agreements with Cable Television providers. 10.510.3 F IBER OPTIC NETWORK Fiber Optic Franchise Agreements The City has entered into franchise agreements with Comcast and Williams Communications which have fiber optic networks in the cCity’s rights-of-way. Williams Communication has upgraded the cCity’s conduits along Military road. In 2013, the City of Federal Way granted the Zayo Group, LLC a franchise for installation of fiber optic within certain empty and occupied conduit owned by the cCity. The main section of conduit runs along Pacific Highway South from approximately South 272nd Street to 16th Avenue South and South 340th Street. Additional conduits are located along South 320th Street, South 336th Street, South 348th Street, and Enchanted Parkway. In exchange for leasing the conduit, Zayo Group, LLC is providing an extensive list of in-kind services to the cCity. Zayo is in the process of providing fiber optics at several intersections. This will enable the cCity to connect additional traffic signals via fiber optic for enhanced signal synchronizations. Zayo will connect the east and west portions of South 320th street over I-5 with fiber optics , which will greatly enhance the signal coordination along South 320th Street, Federal Way’s busiest arterial. Other in-kind services provided by Zayo include improving certain conduits to increase capacity, allowing City Hall to connect to the Federal Way School District Educational 195 of 219 13 Service Center; the South Correctional Entity (SCORE) for enhanced video servicesarraignments; the Sabey Datacenter in Tukwila for future use for disaster recovery services; as well as a connection to the regional Community Connectivity Consortium. The cCity is responsible for its portion of maintenance and repair fees, should a fiber break occur. The in-kind services provided by Zayo are a huge benefit to the cCity both in the present and long term. AT&T and CenturyLink Lumen have fiber optic networks within the cCity but they have not entered into franchises with the cCity. The City of Federal Way, City of Tacoma, King County, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), and the School District also have fiber optic networks. Public agencies do not require franchises to operate in the cCity. Current City-Owned Fiber Optic Federal Way has approximately 33 miles of city-owned fiber optic cables that traverse the city, as well as approximately 40 miles of city-owned fiber conduits. Future City-Owned Fiber Optic Potential expansion of city-owned fiber optic lines is addressed in the 2023 Federal Way Broadband Planning Study, found in Appendix xx. This includes conduits planned as part of Link Light Rail extension agreements, and other future plans and opportunities to expand the City’s fiber lines. The Broadband Planning Study also provides a market and needs assessment, and provides several recommendations and suggested next steps to improve broadband service in Federal Way [placeholder for further info from IT re. city’s intent for future city-owned fiber] 10.610.4 S OLID WASTE MANAGEMENT Figure xx: City-Owned Fiber (source: 2023 Federal Way Broadband Planning Study) 196 of 219 14 The cCity’s sSolid wWaste mManagement roles include solid waste planning, public education and outreach, plus support and promotion of convenient and sustainable disposal and recycling options. The cCity procures and administers contracts with service providers and monitors their performance in collecting solid waste, recyclables, compostable materials, yardyard and food waste, and public area litter. In this regard, the cCity is an advocate for ratepayers in obtaining the highest service levels at the lowest cost. In addition, the cCity is active in managing litter and materials illegally dumped in public areas. A variety of other service providers manage specific waste types generated in the cCity, including service providers for demolition and land clearing debris, commercial bi-product management, bio-medical wastes, and charitable reuse. Regionally, Federal Way and King County have a long-term (through 2040) Solid Waste Interlocal Agreement (SWIA) that is part of our solid waste planning foundation. The SWIA references the King County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (KC- CSWMP), a state-required plan that focuses on broader waste collection, processing, transfer, recycling, and disposal elements. The KC-CSWMP also incorporates some elements outside cCity purview (such as landfill operations and collection standards in adjacent unincorporated areas) that are relevant to our cCity’s Waste waste Management management system. Cities participate in periodic plan updates, plan ratification, then carry out the plan’s objectives at the local level. The FWCP incorporates the policies and initiatives that originate in the KC-CSWMP by reference, as now or hereafter amended. However, the cCity will also tailor KC- CSWMP elements to best meet Federal Way’s solid waste planning and service administration objectives. The cCity actively participates in ongoing forums hosted by King County Solid Waste Division (KCSWD) to focus on implementation of plan elements. The largest near-term impact of the KC-CSWMP is construction of a state-of-the-art transfer station to replace the aging Algona facility, and new facility will feature extensive no-cost and fee-based recycling options, making these services more accessible to area waste generators. Planning for this facility has taken well over a decade. Once operational (circa 2026), the facility will enhance service equity for South King County by featuring services that are standard at other transfer stations in the region. KCSWD is also planning for broader system changes to enable more waste diversion into the future. The County is revising the solid waste tipping fee rate structure and implementing elements under a program called “Re+” to foster waste diversion initiatives. To maximize efficiency and effectiveness, solid waste and recycling shall also be considered along with the many other elements that go into building design and site planning. If site access, tenant access, or space for adequate containers is overlooked, it may mean long-term inefficiency and higher overall ratepayer costs. In 2017, Tthe cCity will amended FWRC 19.125.150 to incorporate procedures standards into the plan 197 of 219 15 review process and City code that to promote adequate infrastructure to achieve these solid waste policies objectives. 10.710.5 M ODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT The Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County was established in 1990 in response to RCW 70.105.220 which requires jurisdictions to develop a plan for managing hazardous wastes generated by residents, businesses, and institutions. Jurisdictions within King County collaborated to develop the Local Hazardous Waste Management Program Plan (LHWMP) which was last updated in 202110. City staff participate in Moderate Risk Waste (MRW) collection and communications forums regularly. The FWCP incorporates the more detailed policies and initiatives that originate in the LHWMP by reference, as now or hereafter amended. However, the cCity will also tailor LHWMP elements to best meet Federal Way’s solid waste planning and service administration objectives. Hazardous wastes should be properly managed and disposed of according to procedures and standards set by federal, state, or regional agencies, such as those set forth in the LHWMP. The City intends to coordinate with South King Fire & Rescue, King County Board of Health regulations, and Public Health – Seattle & King County in the ongoing implementation of LHWMP objectives. As outlined above, the cCity recognizes that King County is building a new transfer station to replace the aging Algona facility. As designed, this transfer station will include a state-of-the-art Moderate Risk Waste drop-off site which (funded, like the rest of HWMP’s drop-off system, through solid waste and sewer rate surcharges). This site will be accessible to qualifying residents and to businesses that are Small Quantity Generators (SQGs), and will replace a ‘temporary’ drop site that has operated with far less service capacity in Auburn. This drop-off site will bring service equity to south King County, increasing service levels so they are on par with the rest of the region. 10.810.6 G OALS AND POLICIES FOR CITY ACTION The Private Utilities chapter provides an opportunity for the City to assist utility companies in delivering efficient service to customers and to seek to reduce potential negative impacts on the natural and built environments. This section builds upon system descriptions to identify issues and sets forth policies to coordinate the provision of utilities with City planning. The GMA requires that the utilities element include the general location, proposed location, and capacity of all existing and proposed utilities. This has resulted in cities and counties becoming more actively involved in the way in which utilities are sited and provided. In order to protect both citizens and utility customers, the City will work in accordance with the following goals and policies: 198 of 219 16 Goals PUG1 Work with private utilitiesy companie, s other jurisdictions, and interdepartmentally to allow them to providefor full and timely service that meets the needs of the cCity’s residents and businesses, both present and future, and to position the city to accommodate new energy and communications technologies. Policies PUP1.1 CThe City will, if possible, coordinate with other jurisdictions on proposed utility improvements that impact a multi- jurisdictional area. PUP1.24 EThe City encourages utilities to inform one another of plans to expand or improve utility services. PUP1.35 IThe City will endeavor to inform utilities of upcoming improvements or expansions that may provide opportunities for joint use. PUP1.418 PThe City should provide utility companies with plans, forecasts, and supporting data to assist in the proper planning for utilities. PUP1.520 Encourage utilities to provide the cCity with their utility service plans to allow better integration with other utilities and cCity plans. UP1.6 Identify new public works and development regulations, or amendments to existing regulations, that allow for or facilitate the adoption of new and emerging energy and communications technologies in the city. Goal PUG2 Work with private utilitiiesty companies to allow them to provide service in a way that balances cost-effectiveness with environmental protection, aesthetic impact, public safety, and public health. Policies PUP2.13 EThe City encourages the joint use of trenches, conduits, or poles, so that utilities may coordinate expansion, maintenance, and upgrading facilities with the least amount of right-of-way disruption. PUP2.26 EThe City will endeavor to notify utilities of proposed plans to make highway or right-of-way improvements. PUP1UP2.33 To the maximum extent possible and based upon applicable regulations, the City should require the undergrounding of utility distribution lines in new subdivisions, new construction, and significantly reconstructed facilities, consistent with all applicable laws. 199 of 219 17 PUP1UP2.4 To the maximum extent possible and based upon applicable regulations, the City should work with the utilities in preparing a plan for undergrounding utilities in areas where their visual impact is critical to improving the appearance of the cCity, such as the City Center and along Highway 99. PUP1UP2.5 WThe City should, to the extent practical, work with utility providers in preparing a right-of-way vegetation plan that ensures that the needs of landscaping and screening are balanced with the need to prevent power outages. PUP1UP2.6 RThe City should require that site-specific utility facilities such as antennas and substations be reasonably and appropriately sited and screened to mitigate adverse aesthetic impacts. PUP1UP2.7 AThrough its development regulations, the City shall continue to address the siting, screening, and design standards for wireless/cellular and small cell facilities, substations, and antenna facilities in such a manner as to allow for reasonable and predictable review while minimizing potential land use and visual impacts on adjacent property. PUP1UP2.89 EThe City should encourage utility providers to base extension and sizing of systems on the Land Use Plan in order to adequately serve anticipated growth. UP2.9 Ensure that all applicable public works policies and/or development regulations specify requirements that all utilities operating in city right of ways have a franchise agreement with the city. Goal PUG3 Increase opportunities to create and utilize renewable and sustainable energy sources such as solar and wind power, to reduce the City’s greenhouse gas emissions, and to improve the City’s resiliency to hazards. Policies PUP7UP3.1 To facilitatEe energy conservation the City shall, at minimum, ensure that cityits buildings comply with state and federal standards for energy conservation. PUP8UP3.2 WThe City will endeavor to work with utility companies to promote and educate the public about strategies for conserving energy. PUP9UP3.3 FThe City should facilitate the use of solar power in residential, governmental and commercial applications by implementing straight-forward review and approval processes. PUP10UP3.4 EThe City should evaluate and if necessary revise zoning 200 of 219 18 regulations to address the siting of small-scale wind power generation facilities (for the use of individual properties). UP3.5 Evaluate ways to accommodate small-scale, neighborhood-level power generation. UP3.6 Establish new or expanded sites for public facilities, utilities, and infrastructure in a manner that ensures disaster resiliency and public service recovery. Goal PUG4 EThe City actively ensures appropriate recycling and disposal options are in place and made known to the public to protect the health and welfare of both residents and our environment. Policies PUP4.1G22 Promote the recycling of solid waste materials by providing opportunities for convenient recycling and by developing educational materials on recycling, composting, and other waste reduction methods. Waste reduction and source separation are the cCity’s preferred strategies for managing solid waste. Materials remaining after effective waste reduction and source separation should be managed in accordance with the KC- CSWMP and HWMP Plan. PUP4.2G25 Administer solid waste collection services in ways that minimize adverse impacts such as noise, litter, environmental pollution, and disruption to businesses and neighborhoods. PUP4.3G26 Provide uniform collection service to areas annexed to the cCity as soon as practicable, referencing RCW policies but also seeking uniformity via contract or franchise elements. PUP4.4G27 Develop and implement Preferred Building Code Elements, including space allocation for several waste streams (garbage, compostables, recyclables, hazardous materials, food waste, and other process wastes). Incorporate design elements that enable access to services, both for tenants and collection service vehicle. Consider development of a preference for covered solid waste enclosures or facilities that are tied to sanitary sewer to help reduce potential surface water management issues, and perform a comprehensive analysis to determine which elements should be grandfathered versus required improvements. PUP4.5G30 Provide for the safe and convenient disposal of hazardous household waste through permanent and conveniently located collection facilities for residents and small businesses to access. 201 of 219 19 PUP4.6G29 Educate the public in the proper handling and disposal of hazardous household waste and on the use of alternative products or practices which result in reducing the use and storage of hazardous materials in homes and businesses. UP4.7 Ensure compliance with new state requirements on commercial compost collection Goal PUG5 EThe City’s goal is to ensure that ratepayers receive high-quality and reliable services at reasonable cost when contracting with collection service providers. Policies PUP5.1G24 Maintain a cost-effective and responsive solid waste collection system, with the overarching objective of ratepayers receiving high-quality services at a reasonable cost. Planning of our solid waste collection system will consider costs (internal to the cCity’s ratepayers – both residents and businesses, and external at the system level) as well as long-term factors such as cost-effective and environmentally preferred disposal options. Goal PUG6 AThe City actively engages and participates in KC-CSWMP updates and implementation, working toward aligning the plan with Federal Way’s needs and the needs of ratepayers. Policies PUP6.1G21 The City recognizes the KC-CSWMP and the HWMP Plan. Policies in these plans will be referenced by the cCity as appropriate. PUP6.2G23 SEncourage and actively seek an effective regional approach to solid waste management, to leverage economies of scale and move toward similarities in services and parallel educational messaging. PUP6.3G28 Cooperate with other private and public agencies in the region to manage and control hazardous waste and moderate risk waste, including household hazardous substances and moderate risk wastes generated by area businesses and institutions. Goal UG7 Work toward more equitable and affordable access to telecommunications services 202 of 219 20 throughout Federal Way, with a particular focus on identifying coverage gaps and supporting increased access by historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities. Policies PUP7.12 EThe City should work to encourage, to the extent practicalossible, the supply of all utilities to existing and new homes, offices, industrial, and commercial buildings. PUP7.12 UThe City will utilize existing and emerging communications technologies to communicate with citizens residents and businesses. UP7.3 Identify development regulations and policies that support equitable, affordable, convenient and reliable utilities in Federal Way. 203 of 219 204 of 219 CHAPTER TEN UTILITIES 10.0 INTRODUCTION & VISION 1 10.1 ELECTRIC AND NATURAL GAS 3 General Location 3 Electric Plan 3 Gas Plan 5 10.2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS 5 Telephone System 6 Wireless Networks 6 Internet Service 7 Cable TV 7 Service Improvements 7 10.3 FIBER OPTIC NETWORK 7 10.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT 8 10.5 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT 9 10.6 GOALS AND POLICIES 9 205 of 219 2 10.0 INTRODUCTION & VISION Introduction This chapter satisfies a Growth Management Act (GMA) requirement that cities prepare a Utilities chapter (RCW 36.70A.070). The GMA requires the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan (FWCP) to have internal consistency. This means that the Utilities chapter must be fully coordinated with other chapters of the FWCP. This is particularly important where new development and other land use change is anticipated in the near future. Areas expected to change significantly over the next 20 years include the City Center, the South Station area, and the area south of S 336th Street, between Pacific Highway S and I-5. WAC 365-196-420(1) requires a Utilities chapter to include the general location, proposed location, and capacity of all existing and proposed utilities, including, but not limited to, electrical lines, telecommunication lines, and natural gas lines. Each utility plan describes and analyzes existing and proposed utility systems within Federal Way and improvements necessary to meet growing consumer demand. Information used to develop the plan was provided by utilities. Private utility companies are continually upgrading and expanding their systems, therefore, maps quickly become obsolete. Plans for water supply and sewer are found in the Capital Facilities chapter of the FWCP. The Utilities chapter is an opportunity to identify ways of improving the quality of services provided within the city. The Utilities chapter identifies goals and develops policies to ensure that: provision of utilities is properly coordinated with land use; utility provision minimizes impacts upon public facilities such as roads; sustainable sources of power generation are encouraged; and technological innovation is facilitated. Regulatory & Legal Context Large scale privately owned electrical, natural gas, and line telephone utilities are regulated by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC). Cellular telephone communication companies are licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). Cable television companies are regulated by the FCC and the Communications Act of 1934, as amended. Private utilities must have a franchise agreement to place utilities in the public right-of-way. Franchise agreements give each utility the non- exclusive right to provide its category of service within the city. As of the time of the 2024 comprehensive plan update, the City has active franchise agreements with more than a dozen private entities. 206 of 219 3 Vision Utilities in Federal Way provide safe and reliable urban services that accommodate the city’s expected growth, respond and adapt to unexpected changes and needs, and position the city to achieve its 20-year vision and growth management priorities. Utilities are provided through seamless and efficient collaboration and communication both internally within the city and in partnership with outside agencies and companies. 10.1 ELECTRIC AND NATURAL GAS Utility Provider Overview Electric and natural gas services are provided within the City of Federal Way by Puget Sound Energy, Inc. (PSE). The City has franchise agreements with PSE that ran through December 8, 2021 (Ordinance 11-707) and November 18, 2018 (Ordinance 93-189) for electricity and natural gas service respectively. PSE (formerly Puget Sound Power and Light Company [Puget Power] and Washington Natural Gas Company) is an investor-owned private utility company headquartered in Bellevue, Washington. It is regulated by the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission (WUTC) and the Federal Energy Regulatory Commission. PSE builds, operates, and maintains an extensive electric and gas distribution system consisting of generating plants, electric transmission lines, gas supply mains, distribution system substations and pressure regulating stations. This system provides gas and electricity to over one million residential, commercial, and industrial customers in portions of western and central Washington. PSE’s sources of energy include natural gas/diesel, hydropower, wind/solar/biomass/battery and coal and aims to stop relying on coal-generated electricity to serve customers after 2025. PSE owns nine natural gas-fired power plants and is the largest utility producer of renewable energy in the Pacific Northwest. PSE also owns and operates two hydropower projects in Western Washington. Fossil natural gas is purchased by PSE from Western Canada and the Rocky Mountain States. PSE obtains renewable natural gas (RNG) produced by Klickitat Public Utility District at the H.W. Hill Renewable Natural Gas facility in Roosevelt, WA and co- owns a liquefied natural gas (LNG) facility at the Port of Tacoma. PSE owns over 25,000 miles of gas mains and service lines to distribute natural gas and co-owns and operates the Jackson Prairie Underground Natural Gas Storage Facility, the largest natural gas storage depot in the Pacific Northwest. Level of Service PSE must file reliability reports at least once a year to the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission and the report must distinguish between sustained interruptions and power quality. PSE uses two main metrics to describe reliability of service, the System Average Interruption Duration Index (SAIDI) and the System Average Interruption Frequency Index (SAIFI). SAIDI describes the average length of a power outage in minutes and SAIFI describes the average number of outages a customer experiences. 207 of 219 4 PSE continues to plan and assess development and demand requirements within Federal Way, but foresees no immediate energy issues and will continue to be able to supply energy to Federal Way as the City grows. Additionally, PSE currently provides programs to Transportation Electrification Programs to reduce EV adoption barriers and boost charging infrastructure within the state and foresees no immediate concerns with providing supply for the City’s EV charging requirements. General Location PSE supplies electric and natural gas service within the entire limits of the city and Potential Annexation Area (PAA). Private utility companies are continually upgrading and expanding their systems, therefore, maps quickly become obsolete. Site-specific mapping of PSE’s existing facilities can be procured via MapRequest@PSE.com. Electric Plan PSE provides electric service to over 1.1 million customers in nine Washington State counties. Electricity is produced elsewhere and transported to switching stations in Kent and Renton through high-voltage transmission lines. As electricity nears its destination, the voltage is reduced and redistributed through lower- voltage transmission lines, distribution substations, and smaller transformers. PSE provides electrical service to approximately 41,000 electric customers in Federal Way. Also within the city are several 115 kV transmission lines and a number of neighborhood distribution substations. The 115 kV lines also deliver electrical energy to other neighborhood substations in communities adjacent to Federal Way. PSE imports electrical energy from generation sources in Canada, the Columbia River basin and other regions outside of PSE’s service territory. Additionally, PSE has its own hydro, thermal, wind and solar power-generating facilities. There are more than 5,500 small, customer-owned generation facilities that are interconnected with PSE’s system and can export surplus energy into the grid. The vast majority of these are solar panel installations. Although this provides a very small portion of PSE’s electrical supply portfolio, the number of customer-owned installations increases every year. PSE locates and operates electric facilities within public rights-of-way in accordance with State law and a franchise agreement with King County. Facilities are also located on property owned by Puget Sound Energy and easements across private properties. The transmission system that covers Federal Way is a grid which provides a link between the Bulk Transmission System and the local distribution system, which connects with customers. The Bulk Transmission System is operated by the BPA, which operates a region wide, interconnecting transmission system that supplies electric power to utilities from federal hydroelectric projects throughout the Northwest. All major transmission lines supplying electricity to Federal Way are energized at 230 kilovolts (kV). These lines supply power into the Federal Way distribution system and provide connections to Algona, Auburn, Kent, and other electric systems serving both King and Pierce Counties. Power is transferred from the transmission system to Federal Way’s local electric distribution substations, each serving multiple distribution circuits. 208 of 219 5 The existing transmission lines are meeting the current loads. As local demand grows, additional distribution and transmission capacity will be needed. To meet future population demand within Federal Way, PSE anticipates the need for new transmission lines and conversion of existing transmission lines to higher load. PSE’s Integrated Resource Plan (IRP) is updated and filed with the Washington Utilities and Transportation Commission every two years. The current plan was submitted in March of 2023 with the expectation that the next iterative IRP will be submitted in 2025. The IRP focuses on the energy resources needed to reliably meet customers’ wintertime, peak-hour electric demand over the next 20 years and also addresses emergent summertime peak loads. This resource need is driven mainly by expiring purchased-power contracts and expected population and economic growth in the Puget Sound region. The IRP suggests that roughly half of the utility’s long-term electric resource need can be met by energy efficiency and the renewal of transmission contracts. The IRP stated that the rest of PSE’s gap in long-term power resources is likely to be met most economically with added natural gas -fired resources. PSE’s current preferred portfolio requires over 6,700 MW of new generation by 2030. As stipulated, this is a portfolio of diverse resources that can fulfill PSE’s Clean Energy Transportation Act (CETA) commitments and achieve carbon neutrality by 2030 and a carbon-free electric energy supply by 2045. As described in Table 3.1, this portfolio significantly increases conservation, demand response, renewable resources, and energy storage. However, given the large amounts of variable energy resources such as wind and solar, and energy-limited resources such as energy storage, PSE relies on newer technologies, specifically hydrogen, as a fuel to meet peak energy needs to achieve a carbon-free energy supply by 2045 while maintaining reliability and resource adequacy. PSE acknowledges the risk of relying on an uncertain fuel source, so it intentionally diversified this portfolio to reduce risk. Additionally, in future IRP cycles, PSE will continue to evaluate and consider emerging technologies, including green hydrogen and advanced nuclear small modular reactors (SMR). The capacity of individual electric lines depends on voltage, diameter of the wire, and the clearance to objects below the line. To meet this demand, some new transmission lines and substations will need to be constructed, as well as existing ones rebuilt and/or maintained. Utility work is sometimes needed to comply with federal system reliability regulations. Increases in the electric demand on the former Weyerhaeuser campus and surrounding area may require additional substations in any combination of the Five Mile Lake, Enchanted Parkway or Weyerhaeuser substation areas. Additionally, infrastructure necessary to support Sound Transit continues to be emergent. PSE’s 2023 Electric Report represents the company’s continued progress to embed equity into the resource planning process. PSE began incorporating equity in 2021 by assessing highly impacted communities and developing initial customer benefit indicators. Since then, PSE has expressed that it’s made progress by defining vulnerable populations and creating customer benefit indicators with input from interested parties, including the Equity Advisory Group (EAG) formed during the 2021 CEIP process. PSE expressed that this is one step of many toward ensuring an equitable clean energy 209 of 219 6 transition. PSE expressed that equity is complex to measure and assess, especially in energy system planning. However, PSE continues to refine its analysis and work with interested parties to embed equity throughout the resource planning process. CETA requires that all customers benefit from the transition to clean energy through the equitable distribution of energy and non-energy benefits and the reduction of burdens to vulnerable populations and highly impacted communities. Gas Plan PSE provides natural gas service to more than 800,000 customers in six Western Washington counties: Snohomish, King, Kittitas, Pierce, Thurston, and Lewis. It is estimated that PSE currently serves over 19,000 gas customers within the City of Federal Way. Natural gas comes from gas wells in the Rocky Mountains and in Canada and is transported through interstate pipelines by Williams Northwest Pipeline to Puget Sound Energy’s gate stations. Supply mains then transport the gas from the gate stations to district regulators where the pressure is reduced to less than 60 psig. The supply mains are made of welded steel pipe that has been coated and is cathodically protected to prevent corrosion. They range in size from 4 to 20 inches. Distribution mains are fed from the district regulators. They range in size from 1¼ to 8 inches and the pipe material typically is polyethylene (PE) or wrapped steel (STW). Individual residential service lines are fed by the distribution mains and are typically ⅝ or 1-⅛ inches in diameter. Individual commercial and industrial service lines are typically 1¼, 2, or 4 inches in diameter. The capacity of the system is primarily constrained by the volume of gas entering the network. The minimum pressure at which gas can be delivered is 15 psi. According to PSE, the average house using natural gas for both heat and hot water consumes about 1,000 therms per year. Given that 10 therms equal approximately one “mcf” of gas (or one thousand cubic feet), then 1,000 therms per house equals approximately 100,000 cubic feet of gas per year per house. When planning the size of new gas mains, PSE uses a model which assumes all new households will use natural gas. Extension of service, typically conversion, is based on request and the results of a market analysis to determine if revenues from an extension will offset the cost of construction. Changes to federal law over the last two decades were designed to increase competition among energy sources by encouraging the development of new natural gas resources and the development of nationwide transmission pipelines. Most new homes use natural gas for heat. Facility technology for electricity transmission may change in the future in response to the need to create more efficient facilities and in response to various electromagnetic field and health concerns. Utility policies may be updated in the future to take into consideration changes in technology, facilities, and services. 210 of 219 7 PSE Gas System Integrity-Maintenance Planning has several DuPont manufactured main and service piping and STW main replacements began in 2015 and continues today. There will be several pipe investigations throughout the city to determine the exact location of the DuPont manufactured pipe. Identified DuPont manufactured piping in PSE’s entire system will be ranked and replaced accordingly. PSE Gas System Integrity-System Planning does not have any major projects planned in 2024, but new projects can be developed in the future at any time. Potential methods for increasing supply to a particular area within City limits include these types of construction activities: 1) Replacement of the lines, looping, installing parallel lines, and inserting higher pressure lines into greater diameter but lower pressure mains. 2) New installation to increase capacity of existing customers or conversions from an alternate fuel. 3) Main replacement projects to improve maintenance and system reliability. 4) Replacement or relocation of facilities due to municipal and State projects. 10.2 TELECOMMUNICATIONS Telecommunications is not only important for voice transmission but also provides the infrastructure for the transmission of images and electronic data. Telecommunications in Federal Way include both wired (land based) and wireless telephone services, internet service, and cable and satellite TV. Lumen Technologies (CenturyLink) and Comcast provide land-based telephone, cable TV service, and internet service. There are also several wireless telephone providers, wireless internet, and voice over internet providers (VoIP). Direct TV and Dish Network provide satellite television services. The city is adapting to new telecommunications technologies and is committed to supporting the rollout of new telecommunication services in Federal Way in a manner consistent with the city’s land use, environmental, economic development and human services priorities. Telephone System Existing Facilities and Operations –Lumen and Comcast deliver land-based telephone service throughout the city. Comcast also provides digital phone service (VoIP) while Lumen provides digital phone service only to its business customers. Their facilities are constructed overhead and in some cases underground. Proposed Improvements – Telecommunication providers are required by law to provide adequate services on demand in compliance with RCW80.36.090 and WUTC regulations. Accordingly, Telecommunication providers will provide facilities, upon reasonable notice, to accommodate whatever growth pattern occurs within the City. Due to advances in technology, additional capacity is easily and quickly added to the system. Wireless Networks 211 of 219 8 Existing Systems – The city is currently served with a number of wireless service providers including AT&T, T-Mobile, Direct Wireless, Sprint, and Verizon. Wireless technologies use a line-of-sight radio signal transmitted and received by antennas. Therefore, it is not possible to underground the antennas or structures on which the antennas are mounted. Antennas and ancillary equipment are located on freestanding poles and towers and on existing structures and buildings. City code regulates their siting. The FCC regulates the cellular telephone industry to ensure that their operation does not interfere with AM/FM radio and cable television transmissions. System Capacity – Capacity is a function of frequency of use, the number of sites in a geographic area, and the number of customers. Cellular facilities are located throughout the city. Frequent changes in their siting are not conducive to mapping. Improvements to the Cellular System – Like the non-cellular telephone companies, wireless companies expand services in response to growth. For this reason, companies closely analyze market demand to determine expansions into new service areas. Cellular technology is constantly advancing so capacity is frequently expanded through technological advances at existing sites. Internet Service Various companies provide internet service by telephone, cable, wireless, and satellite. As the city constructs or reconstructs streets, it is providing conduits to assist in the installation of fiber optic communication systems. See the “Fiber Optic” section below for additional information about city owned fiber optic lines and conduits. Cable TV Cable television service in the city is provided by Comcast, Lumen, Direct TV, and Dish Network. Comcast and CenturyLink utilize cable and fiber optic technologies and Direct TV and Dish Network utilize satellite technologies. Service Improvements Cable television installations are made to new subscribers (either to new dwelling units or, to a much smaller degree, to residences who have not opted for cable before) at published rates; provided they are less than 125 feet from a distribution or feeder line. Connections requiring longer runs are charged on a time and material basis. Most public work considerations, such as tree trimming, work in the right-of-way, and restoration of property, are covered in the City of Federal Way Master Cable Television Ordinance and Franchise Agreements with Cable Television providers. 10.3 FIBER OPTIC NETWORK Fiber Optic Franchise Agreements 212 of 219 9 The City has franchise agreements with Comcast and Williams Communications which have fiber optic networks in the city’s rights-of-way. Williams Communication has upgraded the city’s conduits along Military road. In 2013, the City of Federal Way granted the Zayo Group, LLC a franchise for installation of fiber optic within certain empty and occupied conduit owned by the city. The main section of conduit runs along Pacific Highway South from approximately South 272nd Street to 16th Avenue South and South 340th Street. Additional conduits are located along South 320th Street, South 336th Street, South 348th Street, and Enchanted Parkway. In exchange for leasing the conduit, Zayo Group, LLC is providing an extensive list of in-kind services to the city. Zayo is in the process of providing fiber optics at several intersections. This will enable the city to connect additional traffic signals via fiber optic for enhanced signal synchronizations. Zayo will connect the east and west portions of South 320th street over I-5 with fiber optics, which will greatly enhance the signal coordination along South 320th Street, Federal Way’s busiest arterial. Other in-kind services provided by Zayo include improving certain conduits to increase capacity, allowing City Hall to connect to the Federal Way School District Educational Service Center for enhanced video services; the Sabey Datacenter in Tukwila for future use for disaster recovery services; as well as a connection to the regional Community Connectivity Consortium. The city is responsible for its portion of maintenance and repair fees, should a fiber break occur. The in-kind services provided by Zayo benefit the city both in the present and long term. AT&T and Lumen have fiber optic networks within the city but they have not entered into franchises with the city. The City of Federal Way, City of Tacoma, King County, the Washington State Department of Transportation (WSDOT), and the School District also have fiber optic networks. Public agencies do not require franchises to operate in the city. Current City-Owned Fiber Optic Federal Way has approximately 33 miles of city-owned fiber optic cables that traverse the city, as well as approximately 40 miles of city-owned fiber conduits. Future City-Owned Fiber Optic Potential expansion of city-owned fiber optic lines is addressed in the 2023 Federal Way Broadband Planning Study, found in Appendix xx. This includes conduits planned as part of Link Figure xx: City-Owned Fiber (source: 2023 Federal Way Broadband Planning Study) 213 of 219 10 Light Rail extension agreements, and other future plans and opportunities to expand the City’s fiber lines. The Broadband Planning Study also provides a market and needs assessment, and provides several recommendations and suggested next steps to improve broadband service in Federal Way [placeholder for further info from IT re. city’s intent for future city-owned fiber] 10.4 SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT The city’s solid waste management roles include solid waste planning, public education and outreach, plus support and promotion of convenient and sustainable disposal and recycling options. The city procures and administers contracts with service providers and monitors their performance in collecting solid waste, recyclables, yard and food waste, and public area litter. In this regard, the city is an advocate for ratepayers in obtaining the highest service levels at the lowest cost. In addition, the city is active in managing litter and materials illegally dumped in public areas. A variety of other service providers manage specific waste types generated in the city, including service providers for demolition and land clearing debris, commercial bi-product management, bio-medical wastes, and charitable reuse. Regionally, Federal Way and King County have a long-term (through 2040) Solid Waste Interlocal Agreement (SWIA) that is part of our solid waste planning foundation. The SWIA references the King County Comprehensive Solid Waste Management Plan (KC- CSWMP), a state-required plan that focuses on broader waste collection, processing, transfer, recycling, and disposal elements. The KC-CSWMP also incorporates some elements outside city purview (such as landfill operations and collection standards in adjacent unincorporated areas) that are relevant to our city’s waste management system. Cities participate in periodic plan updates, plan ratification, then carry out the plan’s objectives at the local level. The FWCP incorporates the policies and initiatives that originate in the KC-CSWMP by reference, as now or hereafter amended. However, the city will also tailor KC-CSWMP elements to best meet Federal Way’s solid waste planning and service administration objectives. The city actively participates in ongoing forums hosted by King County Solid Waste Division (KCSWD) to focus on implementation of plan elements. The largest near-term impact of the KC-CSWMP is construction of a state-of-the-art transfer station to replace the aging Algona facility, and new facility will feature extensive no-cost and fee-based recycling options, making these services more accessible to area waste generators. Planning for this facility has taken well over a decade. Once operational (circa 2026), the facility will enhance service equity for South King County by featuring services that are standard at other transfer stations in the region. 214 of 219 11 KCSWD is also planning for broader system changes to enable more waste diversion into the future. The County is revising the solid waste tipping fee rate structure and implementing elements under a program called “Re+” to foster waste diversion initiatives. To maximize efficiency and effectiveness, solid waste and recycling shall also be considered along with the many other elements that go into building design and site planning. If site access, tenant access, or space for adequate containers is overlooked, it may mean long-term inefficiency and higher overall ratepayer costs. In 2017, the city amended FWRC 19.125.150 to incorporate standards into the plan review process to promote adequate infrastructure to achieve these objectives. 10.5 MODERATE RISK WASTE MANAGEMENT The Hazardous Waste Management Program in King County was established in 1990 in response to RCW 70.105.220 which requires jurisdictions to develop a plan for managing hazardous wastes generated by residents, businesses, and institutions. Jurisdictions within King County collaborated to develop the Hazardous Waste Management Program Plan (HWMP) which was last updated in 2021. City staff participate in Moderate Risk Waste (MRW) collection and communications forums regularly. The FWCP incorporates the more detailed policies and initiatives that originate in the HWMP by reference, as now or hereafter amended. However, the city will also tailor HWMP elements to best meet Federal Way’s solid waste planning and service administration objectives. Hazardous wastes should be properly managed and disposed of according to procedures and standards set by federal, state, or regional agencies, such as those set forth in the HWMP. As outlined above, the city recognizes that King County is building a new transfer station to replace the aging Algona facility. As designed, this transfer station will include a state- of-the-art Moderate Risk Waste drop-off site which (funded, like the rest of HWMP’s drop-off system, through solid waste and sewer rate surcharges). This site will be accessible to qualifying residents and to businesses that are Small Quantity Generators (SQGs), and will replace a ‘temporary’ drop site that has operated with far less service capacity in Auburn. This drop-off site will bring service equity to south King County, increasing service levels so they are on par with the rest of the region. 215 of 219 12 10.6 GOALS AND POLICIES Goal UG1 Work with utilities, other jurisdictions, and interdepartmentally to allow for full and timely service that meets the needs of city’s residents and businesses, both present and future, and to position the city to accommodate new energy and communications technologies. Policies UP1.1 Coordinate with other jurisdictions on proposed utility improvements that impact a multi-jurisdictional area. UP1.2 Encourage utilities to inform one another of plans to expand or improve utility services. UP1.3 Inform utilities of upcoming improvements or expansions that may provide opportunities for joint use. UP1.4 Provide utility companies with plans, forecasts, and supporting data to assist in the proper planning for utilities. UP1.5 Encourage utilities to provide the city with their utility service plans to allow better integration with other utilities and city plans. UP1.6 Identify new public works and development regulations, or amendments to existing regulations, that allow for or facilitate the adoption of new and emerging energy and communications technologies in the city. Goal UG2 Work with utilities to allow them to provide service in a way that balances cost- effectiveness with environmental protection, aesthetic impact, public safety, and public health. Policies UP2.1 Encourage the joint use of trenches, conduits, or poles, so that utilities may coordinate expansion, maintenance, and upgrading facilities with the least amount of right-of-way disruption. UP2.2 Endeavor to notify utilities of proposed plans to make highway or right-of-way improvements. UP2.3 To the maximum extent possible and based upon applicable regulations, require the undergrounding of utility distribution lines in new subdivisions, new construction, and significantly reconstructed facilities, consistent with all applicable laws. UP2.4 To the maximum extent possible and based upon applicable regulations, work with the utilities in preparing a plan for undergrounding utilities in areas where their visual impact is 216 of 219 13 critical to improving the appearance of the city, such as the City Center and along Highway 99. UP2.5 Work with utility providers in preparing a right-of-way vegetation plan that ensures that the needs of landscaping and screening are balanced with the need to prevent power outages. UP2.6 Require that site-specific utility facilities such as antennas and substations be reasonably and appropriately sited and screened to mitigate adverse aesthetic impacts. UP2.7 Address the siting, screening, and design standards for wireless/cellular and small cell facilities, substations, and antenna facilities in such a manner as to allow for reasonable and predictable review while minimizing potential land use and visual impacts on adjacent property. UP2.8 Encourage utility providers to base extension and sizing of systems on the Land Use Plan in order to adequately serve anticipated growth. UP2.9 Ensure that all applicable public works policies and/or development regulations specify requirements that all utilities operating in city right of ways have a franchise agreement with the city. Goal UG3 Increase opportunities to create and utilize renewable and sustainable energy sources such as solar and wind power, to reduce the City’s greenhouse gas emissions, and to improve the City’s resiliency to hazards. Policies UP3.1 Ensure that city buildings comply with state and federal standards for energy conservation. UP3.2 Work with utility companies to promote and educate the public about strategies for conserving energy. UP3.3 Facilitate the use of solar power in residential, governmental and commercial applications by implementing straight-forward review and approval processes. UP3.4 Evaluate and if necessary revise zoning regulations to address the siting of small-scale wind power generation facilities (for the use of individual properties). UP3.5 Evaluate ways to accommodate small-scale, neighborhood-level power generation. UP3.6 Establish new or expanded sites for public facilities, utilities, and 217 of 219 14 infrastructure in a manner that ensures disaster resiliency and public service recovery. Goal UG4 Ensure appropriate recycling and disposal options are in place and made known to the public to protect the health and welfare of both residents and our environment. Policies UP4.1 Promote the recycling of solid waste materials by providing opportunities for convenient recycling and by developing educational materials on recycling, composting, and other waste reduction methods. Waste reduction and source separation are the city’s preferred strategies for managing solid waste. Materials remaining after effective waste reduction and source separation should be managed in accordance with the KC- CSWMP and HWMP Plan. UP4.2 Administer solid waste collection services in ways that minimize adverse impacts such as noise, litter, environmental pollution, and disruption to businesses and neighborhoods. UP4.3 Provide uniform collection service to areas annexed to the city as soon as practicable, referencing RCW policies but also seeking uniformity via contract or franchise elements. UP4.4 Develop and implement Preferred Building Code Elements, including space allocation for several waste streams (garbage, compostables, recyclables, hazardous materials, food waste, and other process wastes). Incorporate design elements that enable access to services, both for tenants and collection service vehicle. Consider development of a preference for covered solid waste enclosures or facilities that are tied to sanitary sewer to help reduce potential surface water management issues, and perform a comprehensive analysis to determine which elements should be grandfathered versus required improvements. UP4.5 Provide for the safe and convenient disposal of hazardous household waste through permanent and conveniently located collection facilities for residents and small businesses to access. UP4.6 Educate the public in the proper handling and disposal of hazardous household waste and on the use of alternative products or practices which result in reducing the use and storage of hazardous materials in homes and businesses. UP4.7 Ensure compliance with new state requirements on commercial compost collection 218 of 219 15 Goal UG5 Ensure that ratepayers receive high-quality and reliable services at reasonable cost when contracting with collection service providers. Policies UP5.1 Maintain a cost-effective and responsive solid waste collection system, with the overarching objective of ratepayers receiving high- quality services at a reasonable cost. Planning of our solid waste collection system will consider costs (internal to the city’s ratepayers – both residents and businesses, and external at the system level) as well as long-term factors such as cost-effective and environmentally preferred disposal options. Goal UG6 Actively engage and participate in KC-CSWMP updates and implementation, working toward aligning the plan with Federal Way’s needs and the needs of ratepayers. Policies UP6.1 The City recognizes the KC-CSWMP and the HWMP Plan. Policies in these plans will be referenced by the city as appropriate. UP6.2 Seek an effective regional approach to solid waste management, to leverage economies of scale and move toward similarities in services and parallel educational messaging. UP6.3 Cooperate with other private and public agencies in the region to manage and control hazardous waste and moderate risk waste, including household hazardous substances and moderate risk wastes generated by area businesses and institutions. Goal UG7 Work toward more equitable and affordable access to telecommunications services throughout Federal Way, with a particular focus on identifying coverage gaps and supporting increased access by historically marginalized and disproportionately burdened communities. Policies UP7.1 Encourage, to the extent practical, the supply of all utilities to existing and new homes, offices, industrial, and commercial buildings. UP7.2 Utilize existing and emerging communications technologies to communicate with residents and businesses. UP7.3 Identify development regulations and policies that support equitable, affordable, convenient and reliable utilities in Federal Way. 219 of 219