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Res 12-617RESOLUTION NO. 12-617 A RESOLUTION of the City Council of the City of Federal Way, Washington, related to HEALTHY FOOD ACCESS POLICY DEVELOPMENT. WHEREAS, the City of Federal Way received a Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPW) grant that funded research and draft policy development focused on access to healthy food in the City of Federal Way; and WHEREAS, as part of the CPPW grant agreement, staff is required to present recommended policies and strategies to increase access to healthy food in Federal Way to the City Council for consideration and recommended action; and WHEREAS, as part of the CPPW grant program, a report entitled "Food Landscape in Federal Way, Washington" (Food Landscape Report), attached hereto as Exhibit A, was prepared by Urban Food Link and the UW Northwest Center for Livable Communities (Food Access Team); and WHEREAS, as part of the CPPW grant program, a memorandum on policy and planning recommendations for increasing healthy food access in Federal Way, dated October 14, 2011, (Policy and Planning Memorandum), attached hereto as E�ibit B, was prepared by the CPPW Food Access Team that outlined policy and strategy recommendations to increase access to healthy food in Federal Way; and WHEREAS, the Federal Way Comprehensive Plan, and Title 19, "Zoning and Development Code" of the Federal Way Revised Code do not specifically address community gardens, pea patches, urbah agriculture, and farmers markets; and Resolution No. 12-617 Page 1 of 6 WHEREAS, the city of Federal Way has a successful farmers' market and an active Community Gardens Foundation that supports and promotes the deveIopment of additional community gardens in Federal Way; and WHEREAS, there is increasing interest in urban agriculture, and the Washington State legislature passed the "Cottage Food Operations", bill (SB5748) that permits production of food products in a home kitchen; and WHEREAS, city staff presented the Food Landscape Report findings and the recommendations outlined in the Policy and Planning Memorandum to the City Council Land Use Transportation Committee for consideration on March 5,. 2012; and WHEREAS, staff is requesting that the C.ity Council direct staff to consider the recommended policies and strategies contained in the Policy and Planning Memorandum during the next annual update of the Comprehensive Plan; and WHEREAS, staff is requesting that the City Council direct staff to consider the recommended policies and strategies contained in the Policy and Planning Memorandum as part of the Community and Economic Development Department work program for future zoning code amendments. NOW THEREFORE, THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FEDERAL WAY, RESOLVES AS FOLLOWS: Section 1. Directing staff to prepare comprehensive plan and zoning code amendments addressing access to health f�aods. The City Council hereby directs staff to develop draft comprehensive plan and zoning code amendments for City Council consideration that apply the recommendations in the Policy and Planning Memorandum, as shown in E�ibit B, attached hereto, Resolution No. 12-617 � Page 2 of 6 for improving access to healthy food in Federal Way. Section 2. Severabilitv. If any section, sentence, clause ar phrase of this resolution should be held to be invalid or unconstitutional by a court of competent jurisdiction, such invalidity or unconstiiutionality shall not affect the validity or constitutionality of any other section, sentence, clause or phrase of this resolution. Section 3. Corrections. The City Clerk and the codifiers of this resolution are authoriaed to make necessary corrections to this resolution including, but not limited to, the correction of scrivener/clerical errors, references, resolution numbering, section/subsection numbers and any references thereto. Section 4. Ratification. Any act consistent with the authority and prior to the effective date of this resolution is hereby ratified and affirmed. Section 5. Effective Date. This resolution shall be effective immediately upon passage by the Federal Way City Council. RESOLVED BY THE CITY COUNCIL OF THE CITY OF FEDERAL WAY, WASHINGTON this 20 day of March, 2012. CITY OF FEDERAL WAY � � � • � , � . �7. . . ATTEST: CITY CLERK, CA OL MC EILLY, CMC Resolution No. 12-617 Page 3 of 6 APPROVED AS TO FORM: `' G��%� CITY ATTORNEY, PATRICIA A. RICHARDSON FILED WITH THE CITY CLERK: March 13, 2012 PASSED BY THE CITY COLTNCIL: March 20, 2012 RESOLUTION NO.: 12-617 Resolution Na 12-617 Page 4 of 6 EXHIBIT A FOOD LANDSCAPE REPORT Resolution No. 12-617 Page S of 6 � � October 2011 The Food Landsca e ln p Federal Wa , Washin ton Y g Prepared by Kara E. Martin, Urban Food Link with Branden Born and Eva Ringstrom, Northwest Center for Livable Communities and Amalia Leighton, SvR Design •= ;,• let'sdothis Made passible by funding from Public Health - �� ��� le� 'sdothis Seattle & King County and the U.S. Department • of Health and Human Services. URBAN F �. o� Kara E. Martin, MUP 206.850.2877 Urban Food Link, LLC P.O. Box 99056, Seattle, WA 98139 The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 2 of 21 The Food Landscape in Federal Way, Washington The following assessment was conducted to gain an understanding of the City of Federal Way's existing food environment. As the City of Federal Way examines and develops local policies, regulations and programs related to food access, this report can be used to further identify areas of community need and/or interest. The following GIS (geographic information system) Definition of Food Access: Ensuring assessment was conducted to gain an understanding that "healthy, high-quality, culturally of where food retailers (e.g., supermarkets, appropriate options [are] available and convenience stores, farmers markets) are located in affordable wherever people reach for the community, identify areas where residents have food and drinks—in supermarkets, limited access to healthy food options, and consider corner stores, restaurants, childcare the role of socio-economic characteristics that centers, schools, after-school influence how and where a person or household programs, healthcare facilities, and purchases food. workplaces." Linda Shak, Leslie Mikkelsen, and Sana Chehimi (zoio) Policy tools and strategies for addressing the food access issues identified in this assessment are available in the University of Washington Northwest Center for Livable Communities' Food Access Planning and Policy Guide. For consistency, this assessment uses the same definitions and refers the Food Access Planning and Policy Guide when appropriate. This assessment looks at three general components of healthy food access: • Location and types of food retailers • Proximity of food retailers to residential areas and schools • Socio-economics of food choice At the end of this report, you will find recommendations for conducting additional analyses that go beyond the elements addressed in this baseline assessment. Urban Food Link will work with City of Federal Way, SvR Design Company, the Northwest Center for Livable Communities, and Collins Woerman to review the key findings in this assessment to evaluate appropriate policy recommendations that allow for increased healthy food options. The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 3 of 21 A note about the maps: The maps included in this report, with exception of Maps 1 and 2, were specifically developed for each of the King County cities that received a Communities Putting Prevention to Work (CPPV1� Healthy Eating Active Living grant from Public Health - Seattle & King County (PHSKC). Due to data availability and limitations as well as the funding available for assessment, it is worth noting several points: • Each oEthe CPPW-funded cities is receiving the same set of maps. Maps 3-6 are zoomed to the city level and Maps 7-8 are provided at the county level. • Food retailers were identified by the PHSKC public health permit database from March 2011. This database was then cross-referenced with the state Department of Social and Health Services' database of establishments accepting food stamps. Businesses were then categorized by type of food retailer. Food retailer definitions are based on classifications by the U.S. Department of Agriculture's (USDA's) Food and Nutrition Service, the federal agency overseeing the Supplemental Nutrition Assistant Program (SNAP), commonly known as the food stamp program. • In accordance with research done by the Seattle Children's Research Institute, "fast food restaurant" is defined as an establishment in which food is paid for before it is served and there is no waiter service. Fast food restaurants were identified by locating known national or regional chains and by conducting online research to identify local, independently-owned fast food restaurants. • The maps display supermarkets for all of King County; however, other food retailers (i.e. convenience stores, small grocery stores) are provided only at the city level due to the extensive data processing required. • The American Community Survey 2009 and 2010 U.S. Census data will be released in the coming months (Summer 2011). Maps such as Map 6 should be updated to provide a more accurate portrayal of the community demographics and its relation to the food landscape. The assessment provides recommendations of socio-economic characteristics that are commonly associated with food insecurity and access. The maps will be provided to the cities as jpgs and pdfs. Each city will also receive the data used in the assessment so they can make modifications and do further analysis. Urban Food Link and SvR Design will work with each city determine an appropriate timeline for providing the data. Ma Ma� 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 ovided for each cit include: # Title Adult Obesity by Health Planning Area, King County, Washington, 5-year Aver Adult Obesity by Health Planning Area, King County, Washington, 5-year Aver; Location of Food Retailers and Current Land Use Proximity to Supermarkets (%, % and 1 mile walking distances) Poverty Rates and Location of Food Retailers Proximity of Schools to Food Retailers (% and %2 mile walking distances) #of SNAP (food stamp) Recipients in 2008 by Census Tract in King County, WA # of WIC Clients in June 2010 bv Zip Code and WIC Authorized Retailers in Kin� e, 1994-1998 e, 2004-2008 County, WA Key Findings of Federal Way's Food Landscape This assessment of the social, economic and physical dimensions of the Federal Way's food landscape reveals several key findings: _ �; �"' • Federal Way has the county's third highest adult obesity ;.��'"' � � �., - .t-�' � � _� ,.-''"''!'� rate, 28.1%—significantly higher compared to King _,,_;;,�.,,;,;.,��_.�, �� County's rate of 19.8%. Diabetes prevalence among adults �� '�,_ over age of 18 is 7.5%, which is similar to the County's rate of �-•�-----�---�' -- �� _--� ; . •i 5.4%. (Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Public �. Health—Seattle & King County (2004-2008)). � - "-• �•� '� �. • Over 87% of the city's land base is more than one half �1 '�' mile from a supermarket. Due to the current urban form, �wa �-�� 4-•..% � .�-.° where retailers cluster primarily along Pacific Highway �.� commercial corridor and a couple small commercial areas in ____ � the city, residents not living near these areas have to travel - '� � more than one half mile to a supermarket from their home. • There are low-income areas in Federal Way that are not within feasible walking distance of a supermarket (i.e., more than one half mile). They include: the residential area west of Interstate-5 and east of Steel Lake and Military Road (including the Camelot Lots mobile home park), the multi-family residential east of Pacific Highway and southwest of South Star Lake Road, and the residential area near the now- closed Metropolitan Market (Dash Point Road and 312th Street SW). • There are nearly four times as many fast food restaurants and convenience stores to the number of supermarkets, small grocery stores and produce vendors combined. • There are 24 fast food restaurants and 15 convenience stores within one half mile of schools within the city limits. • In 2008 there were over 14,100 residents enrolled in the SNAP, the federal food stamp program. This number has likely increased with the economic downturn of the past several years. As demonstrated in the maps that follow, the city's built environment—the physical form of the city which includes the street and land use patterns—influences where food resources are located and how residents are able to access them. As a result, some people can more easily access healthy food, while other people are required to travel further by foot, bike, bus or car to reach food, particularly Eresh food. The key findings above and the supporting information that follows in this assessment can help to guide community members and decision makers, grounding the development of policy that seeks to address these issues. The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 5 of 21 Health in the City of Federal Way and King County While our health is influenced by personal decisions, it is also shaped by the places we live, work and play. Unfortunately, not all King County residents have the same food options available that allow them to make healthy choices. In some areas, the closest food retailers are convenience stores and fast foods that typically do not offer healthy foods. Or, the transit lines and sidewalks provide poor street connections between supermarkets and residential areas. In King County there has been an overall increase of obesity and chronic diseases in past decade; some areas in the county have had a higher increase than others. When compared to the 15 most populous metropolitan counties, King County's health inequities are among the worst in the nation. According to Public Health— Seattle & King County:l • 54% of King Counry adults are overweight or obese, 20% are obese, and 5.4% have been diagnosed with diabetes. • Diabetes prevalence and mortality rates for African Americans in King County are among the highest in the nation—the third highest diabetes rate (12%) among the 15 largest U.S. metropolitan counties. • 85% of adolescents in grades 8, 10, and 12 do not meet physical activity recommendations. • Obesity is at least twice as high among high school students who are African American, American Indian/Alaska Native, Hispanic/Latino, or Native Hawaiian/Pacific Islander compared to white high school students. According to the health planning area (HPA) in which Federal Way is locatedz has the county's third highest adult obesity rate, 28.1%—significantly higher compared to King County's rate of 19.8%. In addition, 63.2% of adults are overweight or obese. Diabetes prevalence among adults over age of 18 is 7.5%, which is similar to King County's rate of 5.4%. Maps 1 and 2 provide a comparison of adult obesity rates in King County from 1994-1998 to 2004-2008 averages. As noted in the Food Access Planning and Policy Guide and supported by national research, in communities where healthy food options like fresh fruits and vegetables are available, residents have better diets and lower rates of obesity and diet-related chronic disease. It is critical to understand where and what types of foods are available within a community in order to improve the options available to residents. ' Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System; Public Health—Seattle & King County (2004-2008). More countywide health data and maps are available at 2 The Federal Way HPA also contains the west portion of Auburn. 3 Health planning areas' (HPAs) geographic boundaries are comprised of one or more zip codes. The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 6 of 21 c --- i / i ° , � f �, � � f � m•,., • • v � � ♦ i R a,i� . � Adult Obesity by Health Planning Area, King County. Washington 5=yearAverage,1994-1998 '� � egend ti-- a � � � .�,�, F:..��,�:� a.�.����ee� Companwn to KC n.��e n. , �,r� _rermr< PeftMt F.),IIF - 1. I._ - 'b. .i� ublic Health,•� s,•.,��i�• x ��., � ,';;<�<;M �:. °,�'�;, _ ___ _ _-- _ Adult Obesity by Health Planning Area. King County, Washington 5-yearAverage.2004-2008 �!► Legend Q �C �3 CCUny = Wulatron ul H17hYJeetl Comparison [o KC fiigher Luv;er Nu signi5[an[ diflerence Percent 37-` �:, e�a-iie � ri <i . i.° z � �iea_�aa �2ae.-+on � Public Nealth cattle & KinK Coun�.c � The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 7 of 21 Locations and Types of Food Retailers Residents' healthy food choices depend in part on the types and prevalence of food retailers in their community. In the Ciry of Federal Way, there are the following types of food businesses: Business Type # Convenience stores 27 Farmers market 1 Fast food restaurants 71 Fruit and vegetable stand 2 Mobile vendors 16 Resta u ra nts 226 Small grocery' 10 Specialty (i.e., bakery) 11 Supermarket 13 Map 3 displays the food retailers in the city where people can purchase food for their daily food intake. This category includes businesses in which people primarily purchase food, often to be prepared, to meet their daily food needs. It does not include sit-down restaurants. Food retailers in Federal Way are primarily located along the Pacific Highway corridor —including eight of the thirteen supermarkets. The other supermarkets are located southwest of Pacific Highway corridor at SW Campus Drive by the 21St Avenue Southwest and 1St Avenue South intersection. There is also a cluster of smaller retailers (convenience stores and fast food restaurants) by city's southern border at 16th Avenue Southwest and 356th Street Southwest. In the northwest part of the city there are only a handful of convenience stores. ° Based on establishments with a public health permit (Public Health — Seattle & King County; March 2011). See box "A note about the maps" on page 3. 5 "Fast food restaurant" is defined as an establishment in which food is paid for before it is served, there is no waiter service and offers a complete meal. Brian Saelens, Center for Child Health, Behavior and Development. "Food Enumeration Guidelines" (unpublished document, received April 21, 2011), Microsoft Word file. 6 Primarily businesses with waiter service but also includes coffee shops, ice cream shops, cafes, bars, taverns and eating establishments in hotels, casinos and clubs such as golf courses. Establishments on corporate campuses are included as well. ' A small grocery store sells primarily staple foods and annual foods sales are below $2 million. The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 8 of 21 Location of Food Retailers and Current Land Use in Federal Way, WA* � � , i ;� � _ � _ ,, _a _ K�ni Des Moi es �- �: ;�� F � . i � ,�!� ' � a � _ T ;,'� , , �— �;:, , ,� . � ;< , . . . . . . i �. — - -�� � ; �.. ''i � � �. , i � � v� , r{� � i � L ` � i' �,� �/ ' _ _ T ' � ; � �- ' i"� � � I � � ti r �, i. .: �' � �`� I� }— � *(�` r 1 � � � y,� i f _1 i � I �,�/ � �y I , ��rc,r� r �� i ' 3 � l ��j � �^ �� � � � �I✓ � � �� �1, � � � }-� � � I .._� ,� i J L i � � � ' � � �"-� ■k'�' � ,- � � � ` ,'��; , ' � ;- � ` �i' � I _ �; , � � , �F � ,�, .; :.�f , � : -� � � : . � '� � � �:� i � b, � I._ � � � � � . . Legend L�� � ��� � I C � � Accepls SNAP (food stamps) aod WIC "�'�-�F.���l ��t Fedef8l W.ay -�� �: ' a«e sNaP �rooa Scam � ' (� ' � � � � � �' � Supermarket ' I � � � �, '. �. ' .. � � � _ ; �. � - � � �� � � 'I ' _ ,. Small grocery _,� ���� `� �.�� ti _ ., . _.�., .. . Convemence store � ;� � : � � , � � .� ; . � Speualty (ie butcher) ���, � ' . , • Other food retail (ie drugslore, warehouse) �` �- .,�� i� �' � j � Frwt 6 vegetable stand s � �1`�� �"`'(-' � �' � i , � � I � Farmers Market �,?�; i � � - � ^' -' -- . Land Use � � � --.L � � � �� Residential or accommotlation functions ,� � � g, '�� �j .,� - � _ , � General sales or serwces � . ° i'��L��, � ' � � � � � - � � � Manufactunng & wholesale trade . I ( i � �. � -��' ' Transportation communlcauonm. inbrmauon 8 uuht�es � � '�7�;� i � � � 1 � Arts, entertainment & recrea6on ;�. +-:— � j� �: I; :• � Education. public atlmin . health care 8 ofher inst �� �} � AgnculWre. foresiry. f�shmg & huniing � � � �� � � � "� ` _ Cily of Federal Way boundary rt}�-� � � Freeway ' Y Street � I) , �� � � .'�I �. 0 045 09 1 8 Mtles ilton t � Sources: City of Federal Way. Public Health- Seattle & King County. King County GIS Center. Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services and Dept. of Health. 'Food retailers identified by public health permit database (March 2011) and DSHS food stamp retailer database (April 2011). Land use categories based on American Planrnng Association's Land Based Classi(ication Standards for function. Made possible by Iunding /rom fhe Department ol Health and ""` Human Services and Public Health - Seattle & Kmy County F�� OD C�eafed June 2011 Uy U�ban Food Luik The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 9 of 21 While Map 3 shows the location of food retailers, it is also important to consider how much easier it is for residents to buy less healthy food options rather than hea(thy options. This important measure of food choice considers the ratio of food retailers that offer no, very minimal options of, fresh fruits, vegetables and other healthy foods compared to those retailers in which fruits and vegetables are readily available. A Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) compares the relative amount of these two categories by dividing the total number of fast food restaurants and convenience stores in an area by the total number of supermarkets, small grocery stores and produce vendors (produce stands and farmers markets) in that same area.g The resulting number describes how much easier it is for residents to find and purchase food at retailers selling less healthy options than it is to do the same thing at retailers selling healthy food choices. RFE1= Fast food restaurants + Convenience stores Supermarkets + Grocery stores + Fruit/vegetable stands + Farmers markets In the City of Federal Way there are nearly four times as many fast food restaurants and convenience stores to the number of supermarkets, small grocery stores and produce vendors combined. The calculation below shows that there are 98 establishments with very limited healthy options compared to 26 establishments that have healthy options available. City of Federal Way RFEI = 3.77 71 Fast food restaurants + 27 Convenience stores 13 Supermarkets +10 Grocery stores + 2 Fruit/vegetable stands + 1 Farmers markets $ Businesses categorized according to public health permit classifications and USDA's categorization of businesses accepting food stamps. The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 10 of 21 Proximity of Food Retailers to Residential Areas and Schools The following set of maps show where food retailers are located in relation to residential areas, schools and other land uses. Map 4 shows areas that are within feasible walking distances from a supermarket; areas outside of the one half mile buffer are not considered to be within reasonable walking distance to supermarkets. Supermarkets (i.e., full service stores with annual food sales of more than $2 million) were used as a proxy since they rypically have a wide range of affordable and nutritious foods.lo Proximity of Food Retailers to Residential Areas Proximity of where residents live to supermarkets alone do not determine if an area has low Eood access. In recent years the term "food desert" has become an increasingly common way to describe areas that do not have easy access to supermarkets (i.e., within walking distance in cities or a reasonable driving distance in rural areas) and are in low- income communities. ll,lz While Map 4 identifies areas within feasible walking distances from supermarkets, Map 5 then identifies low-income areas using 2000 U.S. Census data,1 Areas that have higher poverty rates (as of 1999) and that fall outside of the one half mile buffer are considered areas with low food access. Since the 2010 U.S. Census and the recent American Community Survey data were not available at the time of this assessment, it is highly recommended that maps are updated to reflect the current state of the community. Over 87% of the city's land base is more than one half mile from a supermarket. [n Federal Way the areas not within a feasible walking distance (more than one half mile) of a 9 While some food desert studies have used one mile as a measure for feasible walking distance, we believe the distance is too far in considering the groceries one would carry from a store. The planning field often uses a 10 minute walk or quarter to half mile as a reasonable walking distance as acceptable. The buffer is determined by the street network rather than a Euclidean or "bird's eye" distance from a supermarket. lo Future mapping analysis may consider other healthy retail options such as small grocery stores, farmers markets and produce stands. 11 Sarah Treuhaft and Allison Karpyn. Grocery Gap: Who has Access to Healthy Food and Why it Matters. Policylink and The Food Trust, 2010. Available at: lz USDA Economic Research Service. Access to Affordable and Nutritious Food—Measuring and Understanding Food Deserts and Their Consequences: Report to Congress. Washington, DC: U.S. Department of Agriculture, 2009. Available at: . 13 Various measures have been used to define low-income areas in food desert studies. The USDA uses a poverty rate of 40 percent or higher of an area with people living below 200% of the federal poverty level. The federal Healthy Food Finance Initiative, a partnership between the Treasury Department, Health and Human Services, and the USDA, uses 20% or above. Available at • la In addition to poverty rates, population density should be considered to determine "low access" areas. While some areas may have high poverty rates, there may be areas with low population density (e.g. industrial areas and airports) in which identifying the area as "low access" would be misleading. The Healthy Food Finance Initiative applies the following density measure for a community to qualify as "low access:" at least 500 people and/or at least 33 percent of the census tract's population must reside more than one mile from a supermarket or large grocery store (for rural census tracts, the distance is more than 10 miles). The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 11 of 21 supermarket include the residential areas from the city's north to south borders between the Pacific Highway and 21St Avenue Southwest as well as the area west of 21St Avenue Southwest to the shoreline.ls In addition the neighborhoods north of Steel Lake and east of North Lake are not within feasible walking distance of a supermarket. There are several low-income areas in Federal Way that are not within feasible walking distance of a supermarket. This includes the residential area near 320th St. S between of 1St Ave. S and 8th Ave. S, which includes both single and multi-family housing with a 20% overall poverty rate. In addition, the multi-family residential area (with a 20% poverty rate) by Twin Lakes Elementary at 47th Ave. SW and 320th St. S is also more than one mile from a supermarket. Its closest food retailer is a Chevron gas station. Of particular note are three low-food access areas that have poverty rates above 40%: the residential area west of Interstate 5 and to the east of Steel Lake and Military Rd. is not within feasible distance of a supermarket or any other food retailer such as a convenience store and limited transit access. This area includes the Camelot Lots mobile home park. In addition, the multi-family residential east of Pacific Highway and southwest of South Star Lake Rd. lacks adequate access. Finally, the residential area near the now-closed Metropolitan Market (Dash Point Rd. and 312th St. SV1� no longer has a nearby supermarket within one half mile. This initial analysis focuses on the more common factors that impact residents' access to food and does not does not consider vehicle ownership, public transit availability, geography (e.g., hills), street/sidewalk network and conditions, and other healthy food resources that influences a person's physical access to healthy foods. Proximity of Food Retailers to Schools In Map 6, a one half mile buffer was used around schools to identify areas where convenience stores and fast food restaurants are within walking distances of schools. When located within a few blocks of schools, these types of food retailers, who sell a larger proportion of low-nutrient foods, may contribute significantly to poor snacking and overall energy and caloric intake of youth.lb In Federal Way there are 24 fast food restaurants and 15 convenience stores located within one half mile of a school. Several schoo(s that have four or more convenience stores and/or fast food restaurants within one half mile include Harry S. Truman High School, Federal Way High School and Federal Way Public Academy. Of particular note, Federal Way Public Academy has five fast food restaurants nearby. is Due to data being available only for King County, supermarkets in Pierce County are not shown and, therefore, areas along the south border may inaccurately appear to not be within a feasible walking distance of supermarket. 16 Kelley E. Borradaile, Sandy Sherman, Stephanie S. Vander Veur, Tara McCoy, Brianna Sandoval,loan Nachmani, Allison Karpyn, and Gary D. Foster. Pediatrics (2009) 124: 1293-1298. The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 12 of 21 Proximity to Supermarkets in Federal Way, WA , Des Moi , i Ke nt ,� � � ,�� ° � �� , � � . �. * s Fe ral � �� . . �� � ^ �� . Y i.�_ , . r � — lJ / 1 ' z I" �' � � � � ' �' I� � ,, � +��/ I r• / ,:' i "` r� � ��� ' . �, � � � i I�i/ —' , � , ,1.. µ F i I� I � _ ,'' ��� �' ��;4;.: ' • � , _, ,u- : � �„ � , '. ��� � � i � � � � � `�� t�� �l � ��� ��t�i r ! ,. : �,1 � ' I ' I � : �,' .�. 1 f I, �7� � I, Il � �.�' ' �„� }�`��`;� i '�� f1 ���� � Legend � � ` r� , t ACCOPU SNAP Ifoad at�mpai �nd WIC � � � �� • qtwpts SNAP Itootl atampei � I I � . ,, . . . . . � .. � . SupormarFCt Federal Way , �- __ .�.� , s��� 9 �o«� v � ��,_� . � � . Convenicncc atore . . , ,' ' Spec�aity Iie bulcher i . � ,. � _'_ tt� Other food retad Ue tliuq>io�e ,�a�u,o�.�c•i . � � � �. � Frurt 8 vogeL�blo stantl . �. . . �w .. . .. � . � Formcrs Markct � �� i �}.� � � .. ' . � . �ry0n _ NAthin 1;1 mi from a supa�»artict :/ I ., i � .. ... .� . ��,. � '. . _ 1�4�t�:mi fromasupermarhet .. i �'t , �� I�. .•}` 1�_� 1 mi from a supermarket , F � , � � . ,i � � .. . _ � � � G4� ol Fedcral Way boundary . . i� � 1`i � � Frceway . . , ` �.... �,,.�, � �I�. � � . Strcet \ � I , . . �� I .� � � . � I l � l i , (PBGIfIC 0 0.4 0.8 1.6 Miles I Sources: Public Health- Seattle & Kmg County. King County GIS Center, Washington State Dept. ol Social and Health Services and Dept. o/ Health. 'Food retailers idenlified by public health permit database (March 2011) and DSHS tood stamp retader database (Apnl 2011). Made possible by lunding lrom the Department ol Health and Hiunan Services and Pubfic Health - Seatfle & King Cowity F• OD C�eated May 2011 by Uit�an Food Link The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 13 of 21 Poverty Rates (in 1999) and Location of Food Retailers in Federal Way, WA 'Food retailers identified by public health permit database (March 2011) and DSHS food stamp retailer database (April 2011). Made possible by funding lrom the Department of Health and Human Servkes and PubDc Healih - Seattle 8 King County --�,. a,.� F� OD C�eafed May 2011 by Urban Food Lmk The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA \ Page 14 of 21 Sources: Publ�c Health- Seattle & King County. K�ng County GIS Center. U.S. Census 2000, Washmgton State Dept. o(Social and Health Services and Dept. of Health. Proximity of Food Retailers to Schools in Federal Way, WA � �t �� K t Des Moi es % ' � . . . . _ . � � � ' r � . _._ � � I . .. � - �- I '� � ' i" � +-' , l. I I �� ' - I � , : Fe ral � I � '_— �� I � ! .�, y ., . � /� ►- , � , ,,�=: � � . � �� ,,�, � _�_ �� ,, --- _J !�-� � - �- , , 1 - , � _ . � � .. . � y� • � � .._ �.. ' 1 '.i :. �. � , � �,, . � � . .... ` .. .. .t . _,_.. . : � .__ i'� .. .. ; . . • . ' ..� . I .. , , , .�_� . ,� � '� . � : i � � � � ' ' � . :,... .� . , ' _... _ ' .. � . I � � � ��} � , I � ` �� I • * � ' � �` r- �• .;s t` t � �1 �f Legend Y � �� _ � . � � ederal �UWay � A : Accepts SNAP Ifood slamps� antl WIC � {. � . � Accepls SNAP Ifootl stampsi � �, �: ,�. � . � ' 1 . _,,._,��_ � � SuParm�rhet . . . • �-�-� ., - � .. � � . / I` ' . � Small grocery , ,� � � . � . I . . . Convemence sro�e : � � c ' • I , . , . � . Speaally iie butchen ' -�f �� � � 4 � 11 ��� � .� OtherretadOeCrugstore warenoueci , i I ' ' �i � .. ... ' .. ;... _��`� �=�-«�_Z � �, � : ; � 1 Fastfootlrestaurant 2,._,�` ; � 1 : �., � � . . . J . . r � � • . . � Frurt 8 vegetable stantl i _. • �'� � . : . ' , . ,:' gQna - FarmeryMarkel r � 'Y ����."... ' � � 1 I,.. , j.. � SCh001 � 1 �_ r �. . _ WM1hIl11i4l1111f0(i1�5Ch001 �� I _ LNM1hin t iy - 1�2 mi from a school � :`�� � t ' L� � Qry of Feaeral Way boundary � � fr I .-_ ; . . � � . ��-1. .. / � eeway . � , < <,{.._ � i i, ... �- . �: .� . Strcet � � PacifiC I i . 0 0 3 0.6 1 2 Miles I � t011 I ' `r�—H—i—�-��—i Sources: Public Health- Seattle & King County. King County GIS Center. Washington State Dept. of Social and Health Services and Dept. of Healfh. 'Food retailers identified by pubhc health permit database (March 2011) and DSHS food stamp retailer database (April 2011). Made possible by lunding (rom the Department o/ Health and Human Serv�ces and Public Health - Seattle & K�ng County. F" OD Creafed May 2011 by Urban Food Link The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA \ Page 15 of 21 Economics of Food Another factor influencing healthy food access is the cost and/or affordability of food. In King County, many households report that they experience a lack of access at all times to enough food for all household members to lead an active, healthy life, referred to as food insecurity.l� In King County, approximately 13.4% of residents are food insecure (the state rate is 14.8% and the national rate is 16.6%) and the average cost of a meal is $2.77 (the state rate is $2.59 and the national rate is $2.54). There are two federal food assistance programs available to assist individuals and households who are food insecure. The Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP, commonly referred to as food stamps) and the Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) program assist low-income families and their children to purchase food through an electronic benefits transfer (EBT) card or a WIC check. Stores licensed to accept SNAP and WIC are reimbursed fully for customer purchases using these payment methods. Currently there are 53 retailers in Federal Way licensed to accept food stamps and nine authorized to accept WIC (Maps 1-6 identify locations that accept SNAP and WIC). 20 [n 2008 there were over 14,100 people enrolled in the food stamp program (SNAP) residing in the census tracts located within, or partially within, Federal Way (see Map 7).zl These numbers reflect only the number of resident enrolled in the federal food assistance programs and not total number of residents who may be eligible. Food businesses' sales play an important role in a city's daily commerce. The variety and type of food establishments available in a jurisdiction could lead to potential sales, or leakage, spent outside of Federal Way. Food purchased for at-home and away from home consumption is a significant portion of Federal Way residents' annual expenditures. Based on 2002 Bureau of Labor Statistics Consumer Expenditure Surveys and 2000 U.S. Census data, the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee's Employment and Training Institute (ETI) estimated that residents spent 38% of their annual expenditures on food purchased for preparation, or "at home," and 15% on food away from home, or "eating out" (see Table A).zz 17 M. Nord, M. Andrews, and S. Carlson, S. Household Food Security in the United States, 2006. Economic Research Report No. (ERR-49) (November 2007). 18 Map the Meal Gap, Feeding America (2011). Available at 19 The methodology for determining the cost of the meal is based on the USDA Thrifty Food Plan which outlines a "market basket" of food items meeting a person's basic dietary, nutritional needs for a week. 20 In February 2011 there were 175 WIC authorized retailers in King County. zl Washington State Department of Social and Human Services (2008). zZ ETI Purchasing Power Profiles have not been updated for more recent CEX or Census data. Available at The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 16 of 21 # of SNAP (Food Stamp) Recipients by Census Tract in 2008 in King County, WA laMaForestPaik 6" Snaebne Kennor�, _ DuvTll ._.. ,..'� , _ .� Swykom�sh _ . � . . . Krtkland . : � l � 7 " �- RedmCh� . i r� N��� vanow Po�nl Munls Pant C,nnaeun ctya.: t+�u s •.� :. Mea�oa � ,. ��`.< . . . . . � Sammam�sh h &d�svus 6eau. Art6 hluic�r Iv.�� . 1�/aquah Newr,aslb �� �. .. . �..t.._.� pi 3 � Snoquaimie HorN Bend Legend �. s h � # of SNAP Chents m 2008 <.;�� `� � �,,, ` " p• ve�ey 10 - 213 214 - 508 �At° 509 - 930 l..�-: � 81tdc Qanioi,d _ 931 - 1498 � ����� - 1499 - 2732 Paapc 0 2 5 5 10 M�les E ,n,daw Sources: Pub6c Health- Seattle 8 King County. King County G!S Center, U.S. Census. Wash�ngton State Dept of Soc�al and Health Services. Made possible by lunding from the Department ol Health and -- �d•• Human Serv�ces and Public Health - Seattle & King County. F" OD Created May 2011 by UrUan Food Lmk The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 17 of 21 # of WIC Clients by Zipcode* and WIC Authorized Food Retailers in King County, WA Made poss�ble by lund�ng Irom the Department o/Health and -- Hurnan Services and Public Health - Seattle & King County F� OD Created May 2011 by Urban Food Lmk The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 18 of 21 Page 18 of 21 Sources: Pub/ic Health- Seattle & King County. K�ng County GIS Center: U S Census. Wash�ngton State Dept. of Health. Purchasing Profile for CPPW-Funded Cities City Z � p Population Area Food at Home Food Away from Home Total Purchasing Power code (16 categories) 2000 Square Est. annual Expenditures/ % of total Est. annual Expenditures/ % of total Est. annual Expenditures/ Census miles expenditures sq. mile purchasing expenditures sq. mile Purchasing expenditures sq. mile power power 98146 25,593 4.44 $37,516,503 $8,449,663 39% $14,287,685 $3,217,947 15% $97,151,199 $21,880,901 Burien 98148 9,533 3.37 $15,220,622 $4,516,505 39% $5,790,756 $1,718,325 15% $39,129,443 $11,611,111 98166 20,163 5.96 $33,826,255 $5,675,546 37% $13,928,035 $2,336,919 15% $91,273,215 $15,314,298 98168 30,412 9.03 $42,723,806 $4,731,318 40% $15,598,990 $1,727,463 14% $107,835,916 $11,941,962 Des Moines 98148 9,533 3.37 $15,220,622 $4,516,505 39% $5,790,756 $1,718,325 15% $39,129,443 $11,611,111 98198 33,807 7.44 $48,648,760 $6,538,812 38% $18,877,289 $2,537,270 15% $126,915,139 $17,058,486 Federal 98001 25,495 17.95 $38,344,502 $2,136,184 38% $15,249,252 $849,541 15% $102,119,010 $5,689,081 Way 98003 42,614 12 $64,403,278 $5,366,940 39% $24,115,554 $2,009,630 15% $164,772,204 $13,731,017 98023 47,500 10.25 $72,871,405 $7,109,405 38% $29,133,645 $2,842,307 15% $194,298,655 $18,955,966 98030 n/a Kent 9803 64,181 15.59 $95,590,697 $6,131,539 39% $36,236,945 $2,324,371 15% $247,974,534 $15,906,000 98032 28,756 16.65 $43,898,692 $2,636,558 39% $16,890,879 $1,014,467 15% $113,190,480 $6,798,227 98042 38,249 30.71 $58,563,148 $1,906,973 37% $23,774,806 $774,171 15% $158,181,919 $5,150,828 98052 50,138 18.81 $87,221,301 $4,636,964 35% $40,849,766 $2,171,705 16% $249,802,412 $13,280,298 Redmond 98053 31,050 32.37 $53,110,371 $1,640,728 35% $24,330,606 $751,641 16% $153,326,918 $4,736,698 98074 n/a 98148 9,533 3.37 $15,220,622 $4,516,505 39% $5,790,756 $1,718,325 15% $39,129,443 $11,611,111 98158 n/a SeaTac 98168 30,412 9.03 $42,723,806 $4,731,318 40°/o $15,598,990 $1,727,463 14% $107,835,916 $11,941,962 98188 22,269 9.79 $34,856,863 $3,560,456 39% $13,305,681 $1,359,109 15% $89,541,575 $9,146,228 98198 33,807 7.44 $48,648,760 $6,538,812 38% $18,877,289 $2,537,270 15% $126,915,139 $17,058,486 Snoqualmie 98065 3,710 21.25 $6,001,740 $282,435 37% $2,472,552 $116,355 15% $16,282,867 $766,253 23 University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute, 2004. Available at The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 19 of 21 Page 19 of 21 Additional Analysis This report provides an initial analysis of the existing food landscape in the City of Federal Way by looking at the social, economic, and physical dimensions of the City's food landscape and focusing on those common factors that impact residents' access to healthy food. Each city is unique and has different community needs and interests, data availability and staff capacity; therefore, each city may want to investigate other elements of healthy food access for a more in-depth analysis. Additional GIS analysis related to the food landscape may include, but are not limited to: • Transit support of the food landscape: Transit lines, schedules and location of bus stops showing the accessibility and connectivity of public transit to and from food retailers to where people live and work. • Physical barriers in the food landscape: Geography and land uses showing steep hills, waterways, bridges, highways and large land tracts (e.g., airports) that create additional physical access barriers. • Opportunities to improve the food landscape: Community food resources such as community gardens, schools gardens, publicly-owned vacant land (for potential community garden sites), urban farm sites, food banks, soup kitchens and nutrition education programs in which people access and/or learn about healthy food. • Socio-economic conditions of people living within the food landscape: Characteristics such as income, ethnicity, vehicle ownership, employment, and education have been shown to influence food security and access in communities. Further analysis oE data available by the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee Employment and Training Institute may reveal retail sales leakage (neighborhoods are underserved by retail establishments or where residents purchase many of their goods outside the neighborhoods) or surplus. Understanding spending habits of residents by their household size, type, and income levels will be particularly helpful in determining appropriate strategies to support existing Eood retailers or attract new food retailers. • Policies to support the food landscape: Reviewing local policy and regulatory framework (e.g., food policy councils, food charters, school food policy, local plan- making, zoning regulations, design regulations and other standards) will likely help understanding any land-use related gaps and barriers identified in the assessment.z z4 The Food Access Policy and Planning Guide provides recommendations for elements to consider when undertaking a policy scan. The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 20 of 21 Data Details Available Source % of persons living below 2000 Census data by block group U.S. Census Bureau 200% federal poverty level King County Department of Farmers markets Days and hours in operation Natural Resources & Parks (2010) Food retailers with public Type of health permit (i.e., Public Health—Seattle & health permits grocery, meat/seafood, etc.) King County (March 2011) Food retailers accepting food Includes business type WA Dept. of Social and stamps categorization Health Services (April 2011) Food retailers accepting WIC WA Dept. of Health checks (February 2011) Health risk data at the HPA level: • Diabetes prevalence Public Health—Seattle & Health Planning Areas (HPAs) � Percent overweight and obese King County (2008) (adult age only) Coded according to American Land use Planning Association's Land- City of Federal Way Based Classification Standards School sites Public and private King County GIS Level (e.g., elementary) Street network King County GIS Number of SNAP clients (i.e., SNAP client count food stamp) by census track in WA Dept. of Social and 2008 Health Services (2008) WIC client count Number of WIC clients by ZIP WA Dept. of Health (2010) code as June 1, 2010 The Food Landscape in Federal Way, WA Page 21 of 21 EXHIBIT B POLICY AND PLANNING MEMORANDUM Resolution No. 12-617 Page 6 of 6 MEMORANDUM To: City of Federal Way From: CPPW Food Access Team UW Northwest Center for Livable Communities, Urban Food Link, and SvR Design Date: October 14, 2011 RE: Policy and planning recommendations for increasing healthy food access in Federal Way Federal Way is already taking many positive steps to improve access to healthy food in the city. With additional supportive policy language in its Comprehensive Plan and implemented within the land use code, the City can formalize and solidify its commitment to making Federal Way a place where residents have many opportunities to lead healthy lifestyles. This memo is designed to help development of healthy food access policies by summarizing our team's work with the city to date and pointing out specific resources for future use. The attached table describes opportunities for improving food access in Federal Way. These recommendations are based on the findings of The Federal Way Food Landscape Assessment coupled with issues and opportunities identified by and discussed with City of Federal Way staff in earlier meetings. The table begins with a list of items that were previously noted by City staff. The second part of the table describes opportunities and the related strategies that can be taken to address additional issues arisingfrom the findings of the Food Landscape Assessment. The recommendations cover the following topics: 1. Establish farmers market policy language 2. Ensure farmers market viability 3. Establish community garden policy language 4. Facilitate community gardens on private, vacant land 5. Establish urban agriculture policy language 6. Support existing and potential healthy food retailers near residential areas 7. Explore mobile vending opportunities 8. Prioritize transit and pedestrian access to food retail 9. Facilitate small retailers' knowledge of public health permits 10.Create a healthy school food zone 11. Monitor the balance of healthy to less healthy food stores 12. Ensure commitment to healthy food access beyond the CPPW grant period The table indicates where actions involve Comprehensive Plan amendments, land use code and zoning modifications, or other actions such as resolutions, technical assistance, or further study. The final column suggests resources from the Food Access Planning and Policy Guide, the Model Language document, and other places that will be useful as the City continues this work. In addition, the City expressed interest in common definitions and model ordinances; the Model Language document provided by the Northwest Center for Livable Communities provides ordinances and definitions for "community gardens," "farmers markets," "urban agriculture" and related uses that are considered as best practices across the field. 1 Issues and Opportunities Cplan Zoning Other Recommended Polices or Strategies Items from the Food Landscape Assessment previously discussed with or identified by Federal Way staff • Comprehensive Plan: Promote establishment of farmers markets as a land use (Public Health Law & Policy, Establishing Land Use Protections for Farmers' Markets, Oakland, December 2009, pp. 10-11). 1. Establish farmers • Zoning: As a legally defined and allowed use as of right (i.e., rather than by market policy X X X permit), farmers markets gain greater stability, increased location options, language and reduced permitting requirements (NWCLC Model Language, p. 15). • Require/encourage vendors to acceptfederal nutrition program (SNAP and WIC) benefits. As a policy, this specification can occur within the within the land use code definition. • In exploring the vacant Albertson's site for farmers market use, contact Karen Kinney at the King County Agricultural Program for advice on how others have set up similar arrangements and done market demand studies. • Review Food Landscape Assessment to identify areas of need and whether current zoning allows farmers markets as a land use in those areas. 2. Ensure farmers . Facilitate joint-use agreements for potential sites such as school or church market viability X X parking lots; offer farmers market sites on city property at no or minimal cost (e.g., parkland, community centers, city plazas). • In locations where a traditional market may not flourish, consider alternative farmers market formats such as fruit/vegetable stands or mini farmers markets, and where such uses are allowed in the land use code (example small format farmers market permit is available in the NWCLC Model Language, p. 18). Federal Way has recently updated its community garden policies, and can further refine the definitions and procedures by enacting the following best 3. Establish community practices, as well as others outlined in the Food Access Planning and Policy garden policy X X X Guide. language . Com rehensive Plan: Include lan ua e about su p g g pport for and prioritization processes for new city-supported garden locations (e.g., in underserved areas), which frames gardens as food access in addition to recreational Issues and Opportunities �P p' Zoning Other Recommended Polices or Strategies uses. • Zoning: Allow community gardens as a permitted use in all or most zones (NWCLC Model Language, p. 22). • As outlined in the model language above, require soil testing for new community garden development and urban agricultural uses. • Conduct inventory of vacant (public and private) land available in the city and prioritize lands by area of need. Suggested methods include those by Megan Horst (Growing Green, UW Masters Thesis, 2008) or King County. Communicate these prioritized land opportunities to potential community garden groups or farmers markets. 4. Facilitate community • Develop and facilitate temporary or interim land use agreements between gardening on private, X landowners and community groups or residents who are interested in vacant land gardening on public or private, vacant land (NWCLC Model Language, p. 27). • Zoning: Land use code language can support food production as an income-generating enterprise. Strong language distinguishes between activity types; allows home occupation and sales; considers delivery times, 5. Establish urban structures, and signage; and potentially offers incentives for new agriculture policy X developments that incorporate urban agriculture (e.g., rooftop gardens). language Find details and examples in the Food Access Planning and Policy Guide. The City of Seattle's 2010 urban agriculture ordinance is also considered best practice for allowing home-based food production and sales. The city can increase the availability of healthy food near residential development by increasing the neighborhood commercial in these areas or by 6. Support existing and locating such uses at access points to residential developments. potential healthy food X X . Some neighborhoods in Federal Way have limited access to full service retailers near supermarkets, but hold opportunity for small retail development. Consider residential areas small retail clusters, such as the intersection including Northshore Quality Produce Market on 21St Ave SW, where healthy food options could be promoted and increased through accepting food stamps/EBT, small Issues and Opportunities �p Zoning Other Recommended Polices or Strategies markets, and cooperative buying clubs. • Zoning: Consider allowing small retail clusters in or near neighborhoods or near pockets of existing mixed uses. Explore where neighborhood commercial can be added and promoted near low-access areas, including near Camelot Square and Mark Twain Elementary. • Zoning: Ensure fruit/vegetables stands (mobile or fixed) as an allowed use all/most areas. • Business incentives: Incentivize fruit/vegetable stands locating in priority areas (e.g., through reduced permit fees, streamlined permitting process). • Development incentivizes: ground-floor retail and open space for food-related uses in new developments (commonly higher density), which can include food retail, small grocery, farmers market, community gardening areas, or small/temporary or less intensively used food retail uses such as mobile vending or produce stands. The same can be done for open-space in neighborhood commercial that can be used for produce stands and farmers markets. • Zoning: Adopt a food cart zone or include mobile food vending provisions in the land use code to increase food options for employees near employment centers, transit-oriented development, and low-access areas. (See PHLP's 7. Explore mobile Model Produce Cart Ordinance.) vending opportunities X X • Business incentives: Incentivize fruit/vegetable and other healthy food stands locating in food access priority areas (e.g., near schools and parks, low-access areas). This can be done, through reduced permit fees, streamlined permitting processes, providing waterproof EBT machines, etc. Issues and Opportunities �p Zoning Other Recommended Polices or Strategies • Comprehensive Plan: Establish goals and standards for neighborhood access to retailers of fresh produce or within a reasonable distance from transit-oriented development. • Other plans: Include similar goals in a Transportation Master Plan or Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan and cross-reference with goals of Complete 8. Prioritize transit and Streets work to increase bike, pedestrian, and transit access to stores. pedestrian access to X X . Review whether adequate transit or shuttle alternatives are available from food retail residential neighborhoods and elderly populations to nearby supermarkets and farmers markets. • Facilitate discussions with full service supermarkets about the benefits of a store-run shuttle or transit coupon program between the store and low-access areas. Suggestions for working with stores to support shuttles are detailed in the Food Access Planning and Policy Guide. Some food retailers operate without a public health permit; these businesses 9. Facilitate small tend to be immigrant-owned and are unaware of the permit requirement. retailers' knowledge X . Permitting and licensing: Within the City's business licensing system, of public health include information for food retailers that a county public health permit is permits legally required (in most cases) and how to apply. Currently, there are 15 convenience stores and 24 fast food restaurants near schools. This is an opportune time to protect the food environment near schools. 10.Create a healthy school food zone X X • Comprehensive Plan: Adopt goal to create healthy eating environments where children learn and play, such as schools and parks. • Zoning: Adopt a"healthy school food zone" (NWCLC Model Language, p. 43). Issues and Opportunities Cplan Zoning Other Recommended Polices or Strategies Additional considerations identified by the Food Landscape Assessment • Comprehensive Plan: set goal for keeping current Retail Food Environment Index (RFEI) from rising and use it periodically as an assessment tool. 11. Monitor the balance Federal Way currently has nearly four times more convenience stores and of healthy to less X X fast food retailers than healthy food retailers (3.77). healthy food stores . Support new and existing healthy food retailers, which will increase the RFEI score. See recommendations for businesses and farmers markets above. • Comprehensive Plan: Adopt a community "health" or "food system" element or integrate goals into existing elements (Food Access Planning and Policy Guide). • Comprehensive Plan: Include statements in plan's vision and overarching objectives that highlight healthy food access goals for all of the Des Moines community, through supermarket access, small grocers, farmers markets, corner stores, community gardens, etc. • Other plans: Food access goals can be included across other city plans, such as a Transportation Master Plan, Bicycle and Pedestrian Master Plan, Parks 12. Ensure commitment and Recreation Master Plans, or sub-area plan. to healthy food X X . Pass a Healthy Food Resolution and/or create a long-term action plan access beyond CPPW (NWCLC Model Language, p. 2). Such resolutions allow the City to frame funding food access and educate citizens on the importance of and its commitment to this topic. • Initiate an inter-departmental team in the City to coordinate efforts and develop strategies regarding food systems issues and opportunities. This can involve monthly meetings where staff share efforts, trouble-shoot common public concerns and request, and strategize for greatest impact. • Collaborate with the Puget Sound Regional Food Policy Council by providing public comment on the City's needs and interest in regional coordination and support, attending meetings, etc.