Loading...
CRS Grealish Bulkhead LA1807-01 REV CULTURAL RESOURCES REPORT COVER SHEET Author: Pam Trautman and J. Jeffrey Flenniken Title of Report: Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Date of Report: July 2018 County: Pierce Sections: 6 Township: 21 Range: 4 East Quad: Poverty Bay 1993 Acres: .36 CD Submitted? PDF of Report? Yes Historic Property Export Files? No Archaeological Site(s)/Isolate(s) Found or Amended? Yes TCP(s) found? No Replace a draft? No Satisfy a DAHP Archaeological Excavation Permit requirement? No DAHP Archaeological Site #:  Please submit paper copies of reports unbound.  Submission of PDFs is required.  Please be sure that any PDF submitted to DAHP has its cover sheet, figures, graphics, appendices, attachments, correspondence, etc., compiled into one single PDF file.  Please check that the PDF displays correctly when opened. Cultural Resources Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way King County, Washington Prepared by: Pam Trautman, B.S. and J. Jeffrey Flenniken, Ph.D., Principal Investigator Lithic Analysts PO Box 2466 Silverthorne, CO 80498 & 403 73rd AVE NE Olympia, WA 98506 Short Report 1807-01 July 2018 Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 1 Author: J. Jeffrey Flenniken and Pam Trautman Proponent: Amy Grealish Date: July 2018 County: King County, Washington Location: Section 6, Township 21 North, Range 4 East, W.M., USGS Poverty Bay Quadrangle, v. 1993 Executive Summary This report describes the results of a cultural resources survey of property owned by Amy Grealish located at 212 SW 292nd Street (Parcel #1196000121), in Federal Way, King County, Washington. This property is located in the Buenna neighborhood just south of the community of Redondo on the eastern shore of Puget Sound. The assessment was completed for a proposed project to remove and replace a damaged concrete bulkhead located on the shoreline of the property (Figures 1 – 8). The proposed project will require a shoreline permit from the City of Federal Way. FWRC 15.05.040(6) requires a site inspection and evaluation for ground disturbing activities in areas known to contain historic, cultural, or archaeological resources. A precontact shell midden (45KI003) is located nearby (Figure 2). This report is intended to assist in providing documentation of the site inspection and results. The proposed project area was surveyed on June 24, 2018, by two archaeologists, J. Jeffrey Flenniken, Ph.D., and Pam Trautman, Cultural Specialist. Three shoved test probes (STPs) were excavated in the bulkhead area. In addition, AN area degraded and eroded by shoreline wave activity was scraped and examined. All subsurface areas were void of archaeological resources. Lithic Analysts requests a determination of “No Historic Properties” for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project. Project Background The proposed bulkhead project is located along the shoreline of East Passage on Puget Sound in Section 6, Township 21 North, Range 4 East, W.M., USGS Poverty Bay Quadrangle (Figure 1). The landform on which the property is located rises steeply in elevation above Poverty Bay and is flanked by relatively high bluffs. A short distance east (.2 mile), just below Redondo Beach, a Cold Brook Creek cuts through the landform to enter Poverty Bay, and thus Puget Sound. The homes along the beach in this area have bulkheads. The project area is situated at the north end of a 50-foot wide parcel of land at the base of a steep incline where the lawn meets the gravel beach of Poverty Bay (Figures 1 – 8). The residence (Figure 4) is approximately in the middle of the parcel well above the shoreline. The existing concrete bulkhead is deteriorating and has begun eroding away. It is approached by a steep gravel trail from above (Figure 3). The area at the bottom of the stairs behind the bulkhead is planted in grass. Archaeological site 45KI003 (Bryan 1953) was originally reco rded in 1953 as a shell midden along both sides of Cold Brook Creek where 1st Avenue South intersects with Redondo Way South. Cultural material was two – three feet deep, but the site had been Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 2 previously disturbed by bulldozing for construction of the road and a mobile home park. A subsequent archaeological inspection of the site revealed skeletal remains, which had been “redeposited from the slope to the midden” (Moura 1981). The Grealish property is located within the traditional use area of today’s Suquamish Tribe and the Muckleshoot Indian Tribe. Both spoke Southern Lushootseed. In addition, the Puyallup Indian Tribe and the Duwamish Tribe also utilized the area (Suttles and Lane 1990). A Lushootseed place name, Tso’Lkobld, is recorded for Redondo Creek once used by whales to get from Puget Sound to Steel Lake. The small creek (Cold Brook) at Buenna was called Qa’qahwEtx for crabapples that grew there. Several versions of an oral history are recorded regarding the large boulder on the beach southwest of the project area known as Kokowi’ltsa or Blanket Rock (Waterman 2001). Blanket Rock is located two parcels from the project and is clearly visible from the Grealish beach. In all versions of the story, covering events from around Three Tree Point above Redondo to Blanket Rock, a husband and wife were both turned into rocks. The wife became a white rock on the beach north of Redondo. Her husband, dressed in whistling marmot skins, was turned into Blanket Rock, so named because its surface resembles a wrinkled blanket (Ballard 1929 in Caster 2010). Interior groups visited the beaches at Redondo during spring to camp. Others from White River camped at Des Moines and Three Tree Point encompassing the geography of the various stories (Caster 2010). After the displacement of Indian people, the prairie areas were utilized for agriculture and other areas nearby for logging. However, the Redondo area was not settled by European- Americans until 1870, when Ernst Lange constructed a cabin on the beach. A homestead claim was filed by Sam Stone, who established one of the earliest logging settlements on Puget Sound – Stone’s Landing. Upland sawmills soon followed. The Weyerhaeuser Company harvested most of the largest trees in area by 1915. The name of Stone’s Landing was changed to Redondo in 1906. Buenna, established in 1890 west of today’s 1st Avenue South, was one of the first platted towns on the shores of Poverty Bay. The dream of making Buenna a major railroad stop was vanquished by the depression of 1893 when the railroad abandoned plans to put the line through Buenna and the development of a town fell short (Murray 1979). The Buenna School was constructed that same year on what is now SW 296th Street between 9th and 10th. The Buenna School was consolidated with Federal Way School District in 1919 and torn down in 1935. Even though the area is now part of City of Federal Way, it is still known locally as Buenna (Caster 2007). Archival Research Lithic Analysts conducted an archival file and literature research of documents and files relevant to the proposed project. This included a search of electronic archaeological and historic records pertaining to the project vicinity and housed at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation (DAHP) in Olympia including General Land Office (GLO) plat maps. Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 3 DAHP provides a predictive model derived from statewide information on geology, soils, site types and landforms to predict probabilities for the identification of cultural resources throughout the state. Criteria for predictions are: Low Risk, Moderately Low Risk, High Risk and Very High Risk. The model map indicates the project area has a “very high risk for the discovery of archaeological resources by ground disturbing activities. Previously Recorded Archaeological Sites The DAHP WISAARD database, which includes maps and site forms, revealed that previously recorded archaeological sites are not located within the project area. However, one precontact archaeological site (45KI0003) is located .2 mile northeast of the proposed project. Previous Cultural Resource Surveys The project area has not been previously surveyed for archaeological materials. One cultural resource survey was conducted for the Redondo Outfall Pipe Repair on the beach north of the current project. This was north of, and adjacent to, archaeological site 45KI003. It was determined that the site does not extend into that project (Early 2005). The parcel (Christensen, 204 SW 292nd) located next to the Grealish parcel and closer to the archaeological site (45KI0003) was surveyed with shovel testing in 2015 (Trautman and Flenniken 2015, in process). The shovel test pit results were negative for archaeological materials. Expectations The Grealish property is located along the shore of Poverty Bay in Puget Sound in an area determined by DAHP to have a very high risk for discovery of archaeological materials. Previously recorded archaeological sites are not located within the project area, but one precontact shell midden (45KI003) is located just northeast of the proposed bulkhead replacement project (Figure 2). However, modern road development, bridge construction, and residential development including bulkhead construction in or near to the shell midden reduce the likelihood for discovery of intact archaeological materials. Survey Methodology and Results Archaeologists J. Jeffrey Flenniken, Ph.D. and Pam Trautman surveyed the proposed bulkhead project area on June 24, 2018, for evidence of historic and prehistoric artifacts. The goals of the survey were to determine if the proposed project would have an impact on previously recorded archaeological site (45KI003) or any as yet unrecorded sites. A meandering pedestrian survey of the supratidal and intertidal zone was conducted at low tide under sunny and dry weather conditions. The area immediately behind the bulkhead consists of a small, flat, grass-covered yard area just behind an existing and deteriorating concrete bulkhead (Figures 4 – 6) and the gravel beach below. The area immediately adjacent to and behind the bulkhead was covered with a thick grass lawn cover. Three STPs (Figures 3, 6 and 7) were excavated to determine the potential existence of subsurface cultural resources. All STP sediments were screened through ¼” hardware cloth. An eroded area behind the bulkhead provided Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 4 a view of the subsurface area (Figure 8). Cultural materials were not identified in the STPs or within the eroded area. STP1 Starting at the west end of the yard area, STP1 (10YR 3/3 dark brown, moist; 0550087 mE/5243306 mN) was excavated to 70 cmbs (Figures 3 and 6). Excavated dark brown, dry sandy sediments produced only rounded pebbles. STP2 STP2 was excavated east of STP1 in the middle of the grassy lawn (Figure 3). STP2 (10YR 4/4 dark yellowish brown, sediments; 0550090 mE/5243313 mN) was excavated to 70 cmbs. Excavated dark yellowish brown, dry sandy sediments again produced only a few rounded pebbles. STP3 STP3 was excavated east of STP2 closest to the eastern property boundary (Figures 3 and 7). STP3 (10YR 3/3 dark brown, moist; 0550125 mE/5243329 mN) was excavated to 70 cmbs. Excavated dark yellowish brown, dry sandy sediments again produced only a few rounded pebbles. Scraping of Eroded Area The eroded area (Figure 8) was excavated to 70 cmbs. The soil was virtually identical to that found in STPs 1 – 3. The eroded area was void of archaeological resources. All STPS and the scraping of the eroded area were negative for cultural resources. In addition, artifacts were not found on the gravel beach below. Conclusions and Recommendations One pre-contact archaeological site was previously recorded mapped nearby, but this study concludes that site, 45KI003, is not located within the project area. All subsurface excavations conducted for this survey were negative for archaeological resources. The proposed Grealish Bulkhead Project has minimal potential for significant cultural resources. Based on the results of this survey, we recommend that “No Historic Properties” will be affected by the proposed bulkhead installation, and no further investigation is recommended. This report should be submitted to the City of Federal Way who will submit it to the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation in Olympia. Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 5 Bibliography Ballard, Arthur 1929 Mythology of Southern Puget Sound. University of Washington Press, Seattle. Reprinted in 1999 by Snoqualmie Valley Historical Museum. North Bend. Bryan, B. 1953 University of Washington Archaeological Field Form for 45KI003 on file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Olympia. Caster, Jerry 2007 Federal Way Historical Society Timeline. Historical Society of Federal Way. Federal Way. 2010 Native American Presence in the Federal Way Area. Revised and expanded from 2005. Monograph prepared for the Federal Way Historical Society. Federal Way. Early, Amber 2005 Cultural Resources Assessment of the Redondo Outfall Pipe Repair Project, King County, Washington. NWAA Report No. WA 05-91, on file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Olympia. Moura, G. 1981 State of Washington Master Site File for 45KI003 on file at the Department of Archaeology and Historic Preservation. Olympia. Murray, Joanne E. 1979 King Historic Sites Survey, Inventory Sheet for the Roger’s House, 305 SW 293rd Street, Federal Way. On file at WISAARD, retrieved July, 2018. Suttles W., and B. Lane 1990 Southern Coast Salish. In Handbook of North American Indians, Volume 7, edited by Wayne Suttles. Smithsonian Institution Press, Washington, D.C. Trautman, Pam, and J. Jeffrey Flenniken 2015 Proposed Christensen Bulkhead Project, 204 SW 292nd Street, Parcel No. 119600- 0125, Federal Way, King County, Washington. Waterman, T. T. 2001 Puget Sound Geography: Original Manuscript from T.T. Waterman. Edited with additional material by V. Hilbert, J. Miller and S. Zahir. Lushootseed Press, Federal Way. Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 6 Figures Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 7 Figure 1. Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Section 6, Township 21 North, Range 4 East, W.M., USGS Poverty Bay Quadrangle, Federal Way, Washington. Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 8 Figure 2. Aerial of Grealish property showing proximity to archaeological site 45KI003. Aerial source: DAHP WISAARD Database, 2018. Figure 3. Grealish Site Plan with Shovel Test Probes, adapted from site plan provided by Pacific Northwest Bulkheads, Olympia. Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 9 Figure 4. View of project area from beach, facing south. Figure 5. View of project area from top of bank. The eroded area is on the left (west) end of the bulkhead, view facing northwest. Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 10 Figure 6. Shovel Test Pit1 and eroded area, view facing north. Figure 7. Shovel Test Pit 3. Cultural Resource Survey for the Grealish Bulkhead Replacement Project, Federal Way, King County, Washington Lithic Analysts July 2018 Short Report No. 1807-01 REV. Page 11 Figure 8. Scraping of eroded area of bulkhead, view facing south.